The glorious path of the rear. To the Day of the rear of the Armed Forces. The rear of the Soviet Army in the post-war period
The rear of the Armed Forces celebrates its holiday on August 1 Russian Federation. As you know, without the rear there is no army, although much of what the rear units do for combat units remains “behind the scenes”. Suffice it to say that the rear guard often risk no less than those who are at the forefront. Especially in modern local wars, where any delivery of food, uniforms, fuel over the territory of the militants' actions is a huge risk.
Supply of troops in pre-Petrine Russia
rear support troops leaves in the early periods of the formation of centralized Russian statehood. As you know, up to the reforms of Peter the Great, the nucleus of the armed forces of the Russian state was a mounted local army. It consisted of landlords - nobles and children of the boyars, who, in the event of hostilities, carried out military service together with their military servants - "military slaves." The state did not provide the local army with food, equipment, or weapons, so the landowners were forced to solve the problems of providing their troops independently. Each warrior, however, was required to have a supply of provisions for at least four months. Most often, they were stocked with breadcrumbs, flour, dried and salted meat and fish. Of course, with some money available, warriors could buy food at the place of stay, and hunting was always the way to get food. The state could also sell bread to soldiers, but at this stage of Russian history did not supply them with food for free. As for monetary allowance, it was received by boyar children and nobles who served in the regimental service and were divided into three categories. The first category — the regiment of the main salaries — received from 80 to 100 rubles of annual salary. The second category - the regiment of the second salary - received from 50 to 60 rubles a year's salary. Finally, the third category, or boyar children, received about 20-30 rubles of annual salary. Half of the salary was given to service people in Moscow, and the second half - during military campaigns. Smaller salaries were received in city shelves housed in cities - from 4 to 14 rubles.
However, when the first professional military appeared as part of the Russian army - “service people on the device”, the state was forced to assume their supply not only with land allotments, but also with necessary allowance. In order to ensure the maintenance of the growing army, the state introduced additional taxes. “Sagittarius money” was used to pay the archers, to the production of ammunition - “pit money”, to the redemption of prisoners from the enemy - “polar money”. The service people of the device included pishchikov, archers, regimental and city Cossacks, gunners, who in wartime were distributed between the regiments of the local army. Among the service people of the Pushkar’s rank were the Pushkari, the zasiniks (firing from the pealing peals), artisans involved in the repair of armaments, and serfs. In 1638, 248 gunners and gatherers, under the control of the Cannon Order, served in Moscow. The Pushkari received a salary from the state for their service. After the creation of the "regiments of the new system", formed according to the European model and equipped with affluent people, the system of salaries to the lower ranks and officers of the Reytara and Dragoon regiments was also streamlined. One soldier was taken to military service from every hundred yards, then from every 20-25 yards. The service was life-long, and soldiers received monthly and annual salaries, both in money and bread. Also, land could be issued for service. it could be either bought at one’s own expense or issued by the state. In this case, food supply was carried out, again, independently. When in 1550 the streltsy army was just beginning to form, the streltsy were entitled to a salary of 4 rubles a year — that is, identical to the salary of the least paid service people “in the homeland” of the local army. Moreover, the archers received a four-ruble salary in Moscow, and the city archers had a salary two times less - only two rubles a year. Pushkari received even lower salaries. So, the Moscow Pushkari and the gatherers received 2 rubles per hryvnia per year, while the city Pushkari received one ruble in general. In addition, the gunners were also provided with octopus flour, half a pound of salt per month and cloth for two rubles a year. The city archers were given two pounds of salt, 12 “baskets” of rye and 12 “baskets” of oats per year. That is, as we see, the supply of regular troops was at a low level. After the economic turmoil that followed the events of the Time of Troubles, even the boyars and nobles were unable to equip their troops to serve in the local army without state support. In the first half of the XVII century. the boyars received from 300 to 700 rubles a year, stolniks from 90 to 200 rubles a year, Moscow nobles - from 10 to 210 rubles a year. Moreover, in wartime, the state sought to increase payments to service people.
Inadequate, in the opinion of archers and other service people "on the device", the size of the salary repeatedly became the cause of discontent and fermentation among archers. In the middle of the XVII century, archers, who served in the Kola prison, received 3.5 rubles of salary, forefathers - 3.75 rubles per year, Pentecostals - 4 rubles per year, centurions - 12 rubles per year, and streletsky head - 25 rubles per year . In addition, the musketeers relied on food supply in the amount of two quarters of rye, four quarters of oats and one quarter of barley annually. The cash salary of the gunners was increased and equated to the streltsy, which was also aimed at curbing the possible discontent of representatives of such an important military profession as a service staff artillery guns. The size of the salary could also depend on the specific place of service - for example, in some prison camps they amounted to 5 rubles a year for archers, Cossacks and gunners. Horse Cossacks, serving in prison, could receive 8 rubles a year, being the highest paid category among the service people on the device. When speaking on a campaign, Cossacks and archers were given extra money.
In the regiments of the new system - dragoons, reytarskih and soldiers' - the salary for the first time of their existence was very large by the standards of other units of the Russian army. Obviously, the state greatly valued the regiments of the new system and the soldiers, reitars and dragoons who served in them. The highest salaries were received by the command of regiments of the new system, among which foreign military specialists, primarily Germans and Dutch, predominated. So, the generals received only 90-100 rubles per month of feed, colonels 25-50 rubles, lieutenant colonels 15-18 rubles, majors 14-16 rubles, captains 13 rubles, captains 9-11 rubles, warrant officers 5- 8 rubles, warrant officers - 4-7 rubles. Ordinary soldiers of the regiments of the new system received, of course, a significantly lower salary, but its size was 2 - 2.5 times higher than the salaries of ordinary archers and gunners. To organize the food supply of the regiments of the new system, a collection of “service grain stocks” was organized, which was carried out in all cities and villages. From all settlements of the country, rye, flour, crackers, cereals were sent to the places of deployment of the regiments, while meat, salt and wine were delivered from Moscow.
Reforms of Peter. Provider and Commissioner Services
However, until the modernization of the Russian army under Peter I, the organization of rear support and supply of troops was not streamlined and worked out. Peter I, who took the model of the army according to the European model as the basis, also decided to reorganize the supply of the armed forces. On February 18, 1700, the Providence Order was created to manage the supply of the regular army. Under the order were "shops", as food warehouses were then called - in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Chernigov, Bryansk, Smolensk and several other cities. The order was structured and consisted of local branches led by food managers. At the head of the order was put a prisoner of languages, who was awarded the title of provisional general master. On the same day, February 18, Peter I instituted a Special Order, the competence of which included the management of financial allocations for the needs of the army, as well as supplying the army with uniforms and horses. Thus, both orders were responsible for logistics and were the prototype of future food, clothing, and financial services. A commissariat was created in the field control of the army, which was responsible for all types of supplies. The food supply in the divisions and regiments was supervised by the chief food and food masters, and the finances and uniforms were supervised by the chief commissars and commissars. In addition, a medical service was deployed in the units. In the Military Charter of 1716, responsibility for organizing the provision of troops was assigned to the army commander - Field Marshal. The krieg commissar general was responsible for the direct management of the army's food supply, uniforms, horses, weapons and financial means. At the same time, the convoy with pack animals and wagons did not submit to the Kriegs commissar - the wagon service had its own chief. The Wagenmeister General, who led the convoy, was subordinate to the Quartermaster General, whose duties included the supply of supplies, the deployment and arrangement of troops, and the organization of hospitals. Thus, the structure of the rear management of the Russian army in the Petrine era was "two-headed" - the functions of direct material support of the army and the organization of transportation and cantonment were divided. The possibilities of both rear generals were equalized - if the Kriegs Commissioner General was in charge of finance and food, that is, he already had very big influence and opportunities, the quartermaster general was responsible for the transport of finance and food, and without the convoys subordinate to him, the commissariat of the kriegs commissar simply could not act. The figure of the field marshal towered above both "chiefs of the rear", but he did not interfere in the direct affairs of rear support of the troops.
Under Peter, the organization of the food supply of the army was completely taken over by the state. Army warehouses were opened in the cities of the country, from where food was delivered by horse-drawn carts by land or by boat along rivers. Also organized mobile warehouses, called stores and having a monthly supply of food. 
On February 18, 1705, on the fifth anniversary of the creation of the Providence Order, the exact size of the bread allowance of the lower ranks was determined, which consisted of half an octopus (24 kilograms) of flour and a small quaternary (3.5 kilograms) of cereals per month. Money was given to purchase the rest of the food, and soldiers could buy food at their own discretion. Military units on campaigns and outside the country received an additional allowance of two pounds of bread, one pound of meat, one garz of beer and two glasses of wine per person per day. In addition, two pounds of salt and one and a half garnets of cereals were expected for a month. Non-commissioned officers received a triple portion. On the ships of the Navy, the norm of food consumption was introduced: 30 pounds of breadcrumbs, 16 pounds of cereals, 16 pounds of oatmeal, 10 pounds of ham, 0.5 sturgeon, 60 glasses of wine, 30 glasses of sbiten, 30 glasses of vinegar and 1 pound of salt per month . Portions were given to soldiers and sailors in food, and officers were paid in cash and could buy food at their own discretion. Serving sizes could vary, depending on the location of the regiment in a particular place and the nature of the tasks it performed. When performing more complex tasks, the contentment increased. Naturally, the regular provision of troops with food, uniforms and equipment required the creation of an effective rear service at the regimental level. She was subordinate to the regiment commander and included a foodmeister, a commissioner, a quartermaster, an officer in charge, and a doctor. All financial expenses were controlled by the regiment commander and all officers. As for the direct catering of personnel, the supply of units with hot food was provided by company soldier's artels. Each artel had not only kitchen utensils, dishes, but also horses, carts and sledges. The artel included a company artisan, a cook, a baker and a groom.
The development of the rear in the XIX century
In the future, the organization of logistics support for the Russian imperial army continued to improve. In 1800, the post of quartermaster was introduced, who became the supreme chief of the army's supply. In 1802, the Ministry of War was created in Russia, which at the beginning of its existence was called the Ministry of the Army. The Infantry General S.K. was appointed the first head of the Ministry of War. Vyazmitinov, who in 1805 carried out a reform of the rear services management bodies, uniting the Commissariat and Provisions departments in the Quartermaster's Office. However, the Quartermaster’s office operated for a short time. Inadequate supply of Russian troops during the war of 1807 with France and 1808-1809. with Sweden, it was blamed on the Quartermaster’s office. After that, the department was dissolved, and on its basis independent departments were created - the Commissariat, Providence, and Medical. During the period under review, the efficiency of organizing rear services for the army significantly increased. Since 1810, after the creation of the divisions, corps and armies, field commissariat, provision and commissariat armies of the army, commissions of corps and commissioning under divisions were established, which were responsible for the rear support of their formations. In addition, the structure of the organization of medical care for the wounded and sick military personnel was changed. The medical service department in the army became an independent structure from civil medicine, after which 70 permanent hospitals and military temporary hospitals were created. Accordingly, the food supply of the medical facilities of the army was improved, wounded and sick soldiers and officers were given the opportunity to better and healthier food.
During World War II In 1812, delivery and mobile hospitals were formed to meet the needs of the army in medical care. Before preparing the battle of Borodino, the commander-in-chief ordered the organization of food and medical care for the wounded on the way to Moscow. Roughly the losses of the Russian army were to be about 5 thousand people killed and 20 thousand people wounded. Of the 20 thousand wounded, it was estimated that 4 thousand would be seriously wounded and 16 thousand lightly wounded. The latter will be able to move independently, and it was planned to transport the seriously wounded from the battlefield in carts. However, in reality, the losses of the Russian army were much larger. In the main military hospital were concentrated 30 thousand wounded in need of transportation. In just three days, 20 thousand wounded were able to evacuate, the rest of the wounded, who could move, were forced to move out of Moscow on their own. As for the organization of food supply for the army, before the start of the offensive, the command decided to harvest corned beef, which was to become one of the main sources of food for the military. Food was collected sufficient to provide 120 thousand troops for 25 days. There were 30 thousand pounds of rusks and 8 thousand quarters of cereals in the convoys; in addition, 10 thousand pounds of rusks and 20 thousand quarters of oats were delivered on carts. Providing the army with hay was entrusted to the population of the provinces, with most of the hay was supposed to be collected from the nobles, and the smaller - from merchants and bourgeois. Thus, already in the Patriotic War of 1812, the organization of logistical support for the army showed its strengths and weaknesses, the analysis and comprehension of which subsequently made it possible to continue to further improve the organization of logistics support for the Russian army.
In 1812, the posts of field Crygomissary generals were introduced, each of which was responsible for supplying a separate army. On January 27, 1812, the Commissariat Department was created, which was responsible for the clothing and financial allowance of the army and the medical service. Commissioner commissions were created in the field. The Provincial Department, which was responsible for providing the army with food and fodder, had a similar structure. In 1812, the organization of logistics support for the army was entrusted to the quartermaster and chief of the main staff at the same time. At the same time, the duty general was subordinate to the chief of the main headquarters, who directly supervised the transport support of the troops and the medical service. The Wagenmeister General and Director of Military Communications obeyed him. In 1857, the provincial commissions on the ground were disbanded, and instead the offices of the Chief Provincial Master were created, which existed until 1864. For the provisions of the troops from 1700 to 1864. continued to be the provisional general. Since 1724, two deputies were subordinate to the Providence General, the Provost General-Lieutenant. In 1812, the Providence Field Office was created, led by the Provincial General, reporting directly to the Quartermaster. In 1836, the Provincial General was introduced into the Main Headquarters of the Russian Army, and in 1864 the Provincial Department was introduced into the Main Quartermaster's Office and the position of Provincial General was also abolished. Military reform 1864, conducted by D.A. Milyutin, contributed to the centralization of rear control of the armed forces. Since 1864, the functions of supplying troops with clothing, financial, food, fodder and lodging allowances were transferred to the Main Quartermaster Directorate, formed on August 11, 1864. The Main Quartermaster Directorate included six branches, as well as the Technical Committee, commissions, inspector of quartermaster technical establishments, Management of the leader of the experience of conducting the military economy by the ranks of the quartermaster’s office and quartermakers.
The main quartermaster office existed until 1918 and was liquidated already in Soviet Russia, in connection with the creation of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army and the corresponding structures under it. In addition, in the same 1864, the Committee on the Movement of Troops by Rail was created, which took charge of military communications. The post of chief of military communications of the army and the commander of the troops behind its rear was introduced. The commander of military communications was subordinate to the commissary, artillery, military medical, engineering in the rear of the army and military medical in the rear of the command army. The duties of the new leader were spelled out in the "Provisional Regulation on the Management of Military Communications of the Existing Army and the Forces Behind its Rear". Thus, an attempt was made to modernize and centralize the control of the rear of the armed forces. Each active army was to be provided with its own military district, which performed the functions of the rear. However, the deepening of ideas about the organization of the rear in the Russian imperial army refers only to the period of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. So, it was during this period that the concepts of “general” and “nearest” rear appeared, that is, the front of the front and the rear of the army. The chief of the front of the front was placed under the direct subordination of the commander in chief and was responsible for the supply and evacuation of troops. During the First World War, the rear services underwent further improvement. On July 16, 1914, Nicholas II decided to withdraw from the Office the chief chief of the front supply of the chiefs of the military communications and sanitary units of the front. They were subordinated directly to the commander in chief.
At the origins of the modern rear. General Khrulev
After the October Revolution of 1917 and the creation of the Worker-Peasant Red Army the following year, the young Soviet state faced the question of the formation and improvement of the logistical support of the Red Army and Red Navy units. Since the old structure of the organization of the rear services of the imperial army was destroyed, the Soviet command and party leadership had to trial and test using the trial and error method, in consultation with the "military experts" of the old school effective methods organization of rear operations in the troops. The organization of rear services was more or less streamlined even before the start of World War II. In 1939, by order of I.V. Stalin, the Red Army Supply Department was created, headed by the supply chief. Andrey Vasilyevich Khrulev was appointed the chief of supply. It is he who is considered the "father - founder" of the rear of the armed forces of the USSR. Andrei Vasilyevich Khrulev was born in 1892 and by the time he was appointed, he was already a 47-year-old military specialist with a rich and interesting biography. He began his career at the age of nine, working in St. Petersburg workshops apprentice, then a locksmith. Even before the revolution, he became a social activist in the labor movement, in March 1918 he joined the RSDLP (b), was commissar of the Porokhov District Committee of Petrograd. In August 1918, the 26-year-old Khrulev voluntarily joined the Red Army. In January, he became commandant of the revolutionary guards of the Porokhov District of Petrograd, and then was transferred to military-political work. From 1919 to 1928 he went from assistant chief of the political department of the 11th cavalry division as part of the 1st Cavalry Army to deputy head of the political department of the Moscow military district. In 1930, Khrulev headed the Central Military Financial Administration of the Red Army, then - the Financial Department of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR. In 1935, he was awarded the title of corps commissioner. In 1936-1938 Khrulev served as head of the Construction and Apartment Directorate of the People’s Commissariat of Defense, and in 1938-1939. led the construction department of the Kiev military district. Obviously great experience Khruleva in the leadership of both the military-financial and military-building services appreciated I.V. Stalin, appointing the 47-year-old corps commissar to the responsible post of head of the Supply Department of the entire Red Army. On July 22, 1940, the Supply Department was reorganized and renamed the Main Quartermaster Directorate of the Red Army, and Khrulev was appointed head of the latter with the rank of lieutenant general of the quartermaster service. It was Khrulev who directed the food, clothing, household and housing support of the Red Army, military trade and military educational institutions of the rear. Knowing full well that the danger of an enemy invasion hung over the Soviet country, Khrulev saw as his main task the preparation of the Red Army commissary services for mobilization deployment and ensuring the supply of active formations in the event of a war. On March 1, 1941, Lieutenant General of the Quartermaster Service Khrulev was appointed deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. All this time, the leadership of the quartermaster services discussed the possibility of organizing the logistics of the Red Army most efficiently. Anastas Mikoyan, who served as deputy chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, was directly responsible for supplying the Red Army in the country's leadership. It was Mikoyan who laid down on the table the considerations for reorganizing the rear proposed by Khrulev and his associates. Anastas Ivanovich conveyed the views of the General to Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. After the draft order was developed on the creation of a centralized organization of the rear of the Red Army, senior leaders of the Main Commandant's Office and representatives General Staff The Red Army gathered for a meeting with I.V. Stalin, who carefully studied the proposed considerations.
On August 1, 1941, Joseph Stalin signed the order “On the Organization of the Main Directorate of Logistics of the Red Army”. The Main Directorate of Logistics included the Main Commandant's Office of the Red Army, the Fuel Supply Department, the Military Communications Department, the Sanitary and Veterinary Directorate, and the Road Administration. The head of the Main Directorate of Logistics of the Red Army was simultaneously called the chief of Logistics of the Red Army. It was decided to appoint Lieutenant General Khrulev to this post. Similar posts of chiefs of rear were introduced on all fronts and in all armies. In 1942, Khrulev was awarded the rank of Colonel General of the Quartermaster Service, and in 1943 - the General of the Army. From February 1942 to April 1943, General Khrulev also held the post of People's Commissar of Railways of the USSR, since the railway connection during the years of World War II acquired special significance in ensuring the rear of the fighting Red Army. Evidence of the remarkable abilities and knowledge of Andrei Vasilyevich Khrulev was that he remained the head of the Rear Services of the Red Army throughout the Great Patriotic War, although Stalin repeatedly changed other senior military leaders, moving them from one post to another. Khrulev’s life path refuted the well-known words “we don’t have irreplaceable people.” At least Khruleva was no one to replace. After the Victory over fascist Germany, Andrei Vasilievich Khrulev retained the post of chief of logistics of the Red Army. In 1946, he was appointed Deputy Minister - Head of Logistics of the USSR Armed Forces and retained this position until 1951. In 1951, at the age of 59, Army General Khrulev was fired from military service and transferred to leadership work at the USSR Ministry of Building Materials Industry as deputy minister. In 1956-1958 he was deputy minister of construction of the USSR, then - military inspector - adviser to the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense. In 1962, Army General Khrulev died. For a long time (from 1964 to 1999 and from 2003 to 2007), his name was the Yaroslavl Higher Military Financial School (Military Financial and Economic Institute), which trained specialists in the military financial service for the Armed Forces of the USSR, and then Russia.
Rear Soviet army in the postwar period
It was during the Great Patriotic War that the final formation of the Rear of the Red Army took place, which later became the basis of the Rear of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Without the organization of effective logistical support for the existing fronts and armies, victory over Hitlerite Germany would not have been possible. Warriors of the Rear made a huge contribution to the victory over the enemy. In the post-war period, there was a further development and strengthening of the Logistics of the Armed Forces of the USSR, and after the collapse of the USSR, the Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. 
A great contribution to strengthening the rear of the Armed Forces of the USSR was made by Marshall Soviet Union Ivan Khristoforovich Baghramyan. One of the legendary Soviet military commanders of the Great Patriotic War, who replaced Vasilevsky as commander of the 3rd Belorussian Front, Baghramyan possessed great intelligence, energy and honesty. Perhaps it was these personal qualities of the marshal that contributed to his promotion to a new responsible position. In 1956-1958 Baghramyan headed the Higher Military Academy. K.E. Voroshilov (Military Academy of the General Staff), after which in 1958 he was appointed Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR - Chief of Logistics. Baghramyan held this responsible position until 1968 - ten years. In the years when the glorified Baghramyan was at the head of the rear of the Armed Forces of the USSR, the status of deputy commander was again returned to the head of the rear. The concept of the rear was extended not only to the army, corps, division, but also to the brigade, regiment and battalion. The posts of deputy brigade commander, deputy regiment commander and deputy rear battalion commander were introduced. In 1968, 69-year-old Marshal Baghramyan was transferred to the post of Inspector General of the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense.
The rear services of the Soviet Army played an important role during the war in Afghanistan. The difficult climatic conditions of this country, the presence of constant danger in the face of disparate militant groups operating practically throughout Afghanistan, greatly complicated the tasks of providing a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan. To solve these problems, a number of units of special troops of brigade and battalion level were introduced into Afghanistan, including the 276th pipeline brigade, the 278th road-commandant brigade, the 159th separate road-building brigade, and the 58th separate automobile brigade , 59th separate material support brigade, separate 692nd road and 14th and 1461th pipeline battalions, 342nd engineering department (in fact - a combination of 6 military construction and 3 construction and installation battalions, 2 construction companies ) The soldiers and officers of the pipeline, road, automobile troops, all rear services showed real heroism, solving the most difficult tasks of providing the warring units of the Soviet Army. Considering the absence of railway communication in Afghanistan, the underdeveloped pipeline infrastructure, automobile and road troops became an important component in providing OKSVA with food, uniforms, ammunition, and fuels and lubricants. An important role was played by the pipeline troops, which provided water and fuel. Finally, the military medical service played a huge role, since the specifics climatic conditions Afghanistan contributed to the emergence, in addition to the wounded in the fighting, of thousands of patients, including such serious diseases as hepatitis. Special troops and services that were part of the rear of the Armed Forces of the USSR suffered considerable casualties in Afghanistan, no less courageously carrying out their duty than soldiers and officers of other troops.
Modern Rear Services of the RF Armed Forces
In 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the beginning of the destruction of the powerful Soviet Army, serious blows were dealt to the rear of the Armed Forces of young Russia. So, the head of the rear was deprived of the post of Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. 
The rear units and troops that were part of the rear of the Armed Forces underwent significant reductions. The effectiveness and efficiency of rear management decreased, which led to the decision in 1994 to return the chief of logistics of the RF Armed Forces to the rank of deputy defense minister of the country. In 1997, the Main Military Medical Directorate and the Military Communications Directorate that had been previously isolated from it were returned to the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. A large contribution to the reorganization and strengthening of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was made by Army General Vladimir Ilyich Isakov, from 1997 to 2008. who served as chief of logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation A participant in the hostilities in Afghanistan, who miraculously survived after severe injuries, combat general Vladimir Ilyich Isakov was familiar with the importance of the effective organization of the rear of the army. For 11 years of being at the head of the rear of the Russian army, Isakov has done a lot for his revival and modernization.
The modern rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is a very complex structure. It includes directorates, departments, services, troops performing tasks on economic, food, clothing, trade, medical, environmental, fuel, road, rail support of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The structural components of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are: Central Office of Military Communications of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Main Military Medical Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Automobile and Road Administration of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Central Administration of rocket fuel and fuel of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; General Directorate of Trade of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Central Food Administration of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Central things department of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Environmental Security Administration; Agriculture Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Active Rest Management Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Fire and Rescue and Local Defense Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; Veterinary Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; Military Scientific Committee of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; Department of Military Education of the Rear Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; The personnel department of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; Secretariat of the Chief of Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. In addition, the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation subordinate the rear of the arms and arms of the Russian Armed Forces, the rear of the military districts, fleets and flotillas. The rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation also includes automobile, road, railway, pipeline troops and rear guard troops. In accordance with the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2011, every year on August 1, Day of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is celebrated.
studying.
The well-known position of military science, according to which each commander, when setting up a combat mission to the troops, is obliged to simultaneously solve issues of their comprehensive, including rear support, is of particular importance in modern conditions.
At all levels of the Armed Forces there are special forces and equipment for the rear and rear services of technical support, which together constitute the Rear of the Armed Forces. In terms of the scale and nature of the tasks it is subdivided into strategic, operational and military. AT overall structure The rear of the Armed Forces The military rear is the final link, which determines its special role in the achievement of success by troops in battle. It is intended for direct rear and rear services technical support of units, ships and units. Forces and means of the rear services, each soldier must be provided with everything necessary for battle and life, therefore the slightest violations in the performance of their tasks can immediately affect the combat activity of units and subunits.
Since the military rear is an integral part of the rear of the Armed Forces, it is available in every type of Armed Forces. In relation to the ground forces, it includes units and subdivisions of material support with stocks of supplies, medical, aerodrome-technical, other units and units of the rear, which are part of the formations, units and subunits of all the combat arms and special forces of this type of the Armed Forces.
In contrast to the operational rear, the rear of the formations, units and subunits is constant in composition, since the number and organizational structure of units and units of the rear is determined by the states. When developing the states of units and units of the rear, the particularities of theaters of military operations, the combat structure and the purpose of formations and units are taken into account. The composition of the military rear is not affected by the type of hostilities and the nature of tasks performed by formations, units and subunits. However, depending on the situation for the rear support of formations and units in battle, their rear may be strengthened due to the given forces and means. Troop rear in battle, when moving or positioning on the spot, he is always with the provided units and subunits.
The commanders of formations, units and subunits, having in their direct subordination of the regular units and rear units of the rear for various purposes, can directly affect the success of the battle, creating the necessary material base for this and maneuvering the forces and means of the rear in accordance with the situation. The units and subunits of the rear with stocks of material resources, being a standard affiliation of the troops, thereby ensure their autonomy in the rear and independence from the operations of the operational rear for a certain time, which is important not only during hostilities, but especially at the beginning of the war, when the units of the rear of the compound and regional command can have an extremely limited composition. To achieve the success of the troops in battle, the military rear solves a number of tasks in their interests. These tasks cover a wide range of important issues and, in order to systematize them, can be conditionally divided into three groups:
Tasks for material support;
Tasks for medical support;
The tasks of the rear.
The tasks of the military rear for material support are:
Direct provision of units and subdivisions with material resources;
The creation of established stocks of materiel, the supply of materiel (including water), the evacuation of defective and unnecessary for battle domestic, as well as captured weapons, equipment and property;
Fueling military and other equipment with fuel;
Providing personnel with hot food and bread;
Bath and laundry service.
The tasks of the military rear for medical support are:
Search, collection, removal (removal) from the battlefield and evacuation of the wounded and sick, first aid, first aid (feldsher) assistance, sanitary-hygienic and anti-epidemic prevention;
Carrying out measures to protect troops from weapons of mass destruction.
Other tasks of the military rear include:
Ensuring the basing of army aviation units that are part of motorized rifle (tank) formations and other individual aviation units;
Maintenance of units and divisions of rear services;
Conducting veterinary and sanitary supervision;
Burial of dead in battle and dead warriors;
Provision of food and medical support for prisoners of war before their transfer to their destination.
It should be borne in mind that in the context of modern combined arms combat, the traditional tasks of the military rear are now filled not only with new content and increased in volume, but the ways to solve them have also changed.
It was required, for example, to reconsider the size of stocks of materiel, the order of their separation and their maneuver in battle, i.e. to clarify the system of material support for troops in some cases, to develop a modern new one. Each of the listed tasks of the military rear has a specific goal.
Direct provision of parts and units with material means in order to bring rocket fuel, fuel, food, clothing and medical equipment, various rear equipment and other materiel obtained in the form of centralized deliveries (blanks) from local resources, weapons, trophies to direct consumers (personnel), for their intended use in battle or in solving units of daily tasks.
The content of the established inventoryas the basis of the material support of troops, it is carried out with the aim of timely transferring the military rear from a peaceful position to military, satisfying the needs of troops in them, replenishing expenditures and losses in battle in order to maintain a sufficient level of security for formations, units and subunits. A successful solution to this problem is achieved by the correct separation, dispersal and shelter of material resources and their timely delivery to units and subunits.
The supply of material resources (including water) is one of the main tasks of the material support of units (divisions). This means that even violation of the transportation and evacuation routes, separation of the rear organs from units and subunits cannot justify untimely material support.
Evacuation of defective and unnecessary for battle domestic and trophy weapons, equipment and property is produced with the aim of using these material means as additional sources at the expense of the planned provision of units and subunits, increasing their combat capabilities. It is carried out by regular evacuation and vehicles of compounds, units and divisions.
Refueling military equipment and other equipment is the final stage of providing troops with fuel. It is organized in order to quickly restore the spent fuel reserves with vehicles for their continuous participation in hostilities (march). The successful accomplishment of this task is achieved by the joint efforts of the commanders of formations and units, their deputies for rear and armaments, the heads of services, unit commanders, personnel of the fuel and lubricants service and car drivers.
Providing personnel with hot food and bread necessarily in any conditions of a combat situation, so high-grade and high-quality nutrition helps to compensate for the energy expenditures of the body of military personnel in order to maintain their health and combat readiness (performance), increase the body's resistance to various loads, which significantly affects the morale of the troops.
Bath Laundry Service It is aimed at maintaining the health and combat effectiveness of servicemen, ensuring the prevention of their diseases, improving the life of soldiers, and preventing premature wear of clothing and underwear.
Search, collection, removal (removal) from the battlefield and evacuation of the wounded and sickThe provision of the first medical, pre-medical (medical assistant), first medical and qualified medical assistance to them is the basis of medical and evacuation measures carried out in the units and units, and is organized with the aim of timely delivery of the wounded and sick to the stages of medical evacuation, and consecutive medical measures for preserving life, restoring health and quickly returning to service the maximum number of wounded and sick.
Conducting sanitary-hygienic and anti-epidemic measures aims to preserve the combat effectiveness of personnel and strengthen their health, prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases in the troops.
Medical service measures to protect personnel from weapons of mass destruction It is carried out with the aim of preventing its defeats, performing isolation-restrictive and other measures to eliminate the consequences of the use of weapons of mass destruction by the enemy.
Ensuring the basement of army aviation units, which are part of motorized rifle formations, is organized and carried out with the aim of dispersing their covert and secure deployment on landing sites and creating the necessary conditions for maintaining the constant readiness of helicopters for combat operations.
Technical support of parts and divisions of services the rear areas are an integral part of the technical support of military operations of troops. It is organized and implemented in order to maintain good condition, constant readiness for use and ensure reliable operation of the rear equipment available in them.
Veterinary surveillance It is carried out with the aim of determining the possibility of using foodstuffs for units and subunits, monitoring storage, means and conditions of transportation and harvesting areas.
Burial of dead in battle and dead warriors It is a military duty and is carried out with the aim of clearing the areas of hostilities and deploying troops from the corpses of dead people in order to maintain sanitary welfare and high moral and psychological state of personnel. It must be mandatory in all conditions. The order of burial of military personnel is set forth in the order of the Minister of Defense - instructions for the registration of personnel of the Armed Forces.
Food and medical care for prisoners of war prior to their transfer to the destination, it is carried out in the prescribed manner by order of the deputy commander of the rear services in order to fulfill the conditions and rules determined by international law. The solution to all these problems, except for technical support for the rear services, is the main content of the rear support at the military level.
The success of the rear and the rear services of technical support during hostilities, and, consequently, the fulfillment of the above tasks is achieved:
Maintaining a constant high combat readiness of the rear;
Active, purposeful and continuous political work in the rear of the army, in the highly comprehensive training of its personnel;
Clear planning and compliance of the organization of providing units (divisions) with their tasks and the conditions of a specific situation;
By concentrating the main efforts of the rear on providing units (units) that perform the main task and ensuring their maximum autonomy in the rear area;
Agreed use of all forces and means of the rear;
The creation of conditions for the sustainable provision of units (subunits) in hostilities conducted continuously;
Bold maneuver, forces and means of the rear;
Continuous reconnaissance;
Maintaining high survivability of the rear and technical support systems;
Continuous and solid rear control.
1st educational issue: Tasks and content of rear support of troops.
Modern combined arms combat is characterized by high decisiveness, maneuverability, tension and transience, rapid and abrupt changes in the situation, warfare on the ground and in the air, on a wide front, to a great depth and at high speeds. The battle can be fought with nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction or just conventional weapons.
The successful conduct of modern combat depends on many factors, the most important of which is the condition and capabilities of the rear, which is the link between the country's economy and the troops. It organizes joint concerted actions of various bodies and services on the main types of rear services for all types of the Armed Forces, combat arms and special forces.
Rear - This is the rear formations, units, subunits and institutions with stocks of materiel, intended for comprehensive rear support of troops.
The first elements of the rear of the Armed Forces of Russia were permanent military convoys that appeared in the 70s of the 17th century. With the creation of a regular army, the increase in the scale of hostilities and a change in the methods of conducting them in the 18-19th centuries, staff units, units and institutions intended for centralized rear support of troops began to be created as part of units, formations, associations and at the disposal of the central bodies of military departments .
The further development of military affairs, especially the use of tanks and aircraft in the 20th century troops, the motorization and mechanization of troops, required the creation of forces and means of technical, road, airfield support, and the supply of fuel and other property.
The rear of the Soviet Armed Forces was created during the construction of the Red Army. The first detachments did not have full-time rear units. In 1918, the Central Supply Department of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army was established; in associations and formations the posts of chiefs of supply are established, to which the rear units, institutions and services are subordinate.
A well-organized and technically equipped rear of the Armed Forces took shape during the Great Patriotic War, which successfully completed a large volume of tasks in the rear support of troops. During the war years, the Rear Services of the Armed Forces received over 10 million tons of ammunition, 16 million tons of fuel, a large amount of food and other materiel from the industry and provided storage and transport to the troops. 145 million tons of various cargoes were transported by road, rail transportation exceeded 19 million wagons. Road troops built and restored about 100 thousand km of roads, railway troops - about 120 thousand km of railways. For the needs of aviation, more than 6 thousand airfields have been equipped. The military medical service and medical institutions of the country were returned to service after curing over 80% of the wounded and sick.
In the post-war years, with the development of the country's economy, changes in the organizational structure, and technical equipment of the Armed Forces, the Rear Services Armed has been improving.
Currently, it is customary to distinguish between:
1. the scale and nature of the tasks performed:
Strategic rear;
Operational rear;
Troop rear.
2. by accessories:
Rear of the center;
Front rear, district;
Navy, army, corps rear;
Divisional, brigade rear;
Regimental rear;
Battalion (rear of divisions).
The strategic rear is the highest link in the rear of the Armed Forces. It includes the rear of the center, state reserves, special formations, institutions and enterprises intended to be transferred from the country's economy to the direct disposal of the central command and control bodies of the Armed Forces on the eve or with the outbreak of war for the rear support of troops (forces).
The operational rear is the link between the strategic and military rear, and in some cases has direct links with enterprises and economic organizations.
The troop rear is the final link of the rear of the Armed Forces. He carries out direct rear and rear services technical support compounds, units and subunits.
Methodical development
for special training
for VUS-250300; VUS-250400
“Military rear ”
Theme number 4“Fundamentals of organization and types of logistics support”
Lesson number 1 “The main types of logistics”
Educational and educational goals:
to study the types of rear support of troops.
Time: 2 hours
Conduct Method: lecture
Location:lecture hall
Logistics support:
Posters, stands.
Literature: 1. The textbook "Military economy", chap. 4,5,6.
2. Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 9 dated January 10, 2007. "Rules of wearing military uniform clothes »
3. Manual on the military rear
4. Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 277 of July 8, 2006.
5. Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated November 27, 2006. “On approval of supply standards and categories of material reserves of the armed forces, other types and military units of the Republic of Kazakhstan”
6. Guidance on the accounting of material assets in the army and navy. Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 333 dated October 8, 2003.
7. Instructions on the military (ship) economy of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 1 dated January 5, 2005
8. The charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan
9. Combat charter ground forces. Part II Battalion, company.
EDUCATIONAL MATTERS AND TIME CALCULATION
№__________ Lesson Questions __________________ Time (min)
| I Organization of the lesson | 5 |
|
| II main part | 70 |
|
| Introduction
| ||
| 15 |
|
| 20 |
|
| 20 |
|
| III Conclusion |
Class progress
I Organization of classes
Manager's actions:
take a report from the platoon officer;
check the availability of students, readiness for class, material support;
conduct a quiz on the topic;
announce the topic and purpose of the lesson.
Introduction
The troop rear is organized in accordance with the situation and the decision of the commander for hostilities. The organization of the military rear consists in the preparation, deployment and movement of the rear units (subunits) for the purpose of timely and uninterrupted, technical medical support for the troops, in the designation and preparation of transportation and evacuation routes, and measures to protect, defend and protect the rear.
Case Study: Logistics Support
Types of logistics are: material, engineering-aerodrome, aerodrome-technical, medical, veterinary, commercial and household, apartment-operational, financial support. Let's consider some of them.
Material support includes the provision of weapons, military and other equipment and various types of material means: missiles, ammunition, rocket fuel, fuel and lubricants, means of protection against weapons of mass destruction, food, medical and others. In all types of combat activities, troops are provided with water.
The needs of the troops in material resources and their security are calculated in the settlement and supply units (RFE): combat complexes, gas stations, daily dachas, kits, exercises.
Combat kitcalled the amount of ammunition installed on a unit of weapons (carbine, automatic, pistol, machine gun, mortar, gun) or combat vehicle (tank, armored personnel carrier, infantry fighting vehicle), and units (subunits) - for all used weapons.
Rocket refuelingis the number of rocket fuel (RT) components needed to refuel one rocket.
Refuelingthe amount of fuel that is set for one machine (tank, armored personnel carrier, infantry fighting vehicle, automobile, tractor) and the corresponding amount of lubricants, calculated as a percentage of fuel, are called. For tracked vehicles, refueling is determined by the volume of tanks included in their fuel system. For wheeled vehicles, refueling should, as a rule, provide a range of up to 500 km according to operational consumption rates. The refueling of a part (connection) is calculated on all available machines within their regular number.
Daily Cottagethe food of one soldier is the amount of food laid down to him according to the norms for food per day. The daily food supply of a unit is calculated on the payroll of the unit, unit.
Kit- a set of accessories (tools, spare parts, items of clothing and other property), compiled according to a specific list and in specified quantities.
Charging– the amount of special substances (solid, liquid, solutions, etc.) that fits in the main containers of special machines and devices.
The need for troops in materiel is determined on the basis of:
instructions of the commander of the unit on the size of inventories of material assets created in the units, units and on their consumption for the acquired period;
data on the combat and numerical strength of the unit;
current security standards.
The mobile stocks of materiel created in the units, as a rule, should ensure the conduct of hostilities for three to five days.
In addition, in the connection, the unit, as a rule, contains additional fuel reserves in containers on military and transport vehicles, and, if necessary, in tanks (containers) in the transport of the connection (parts), as well as food supplies in the form of concentrated products in small-sized packaging and capping, protecting against infection and spoilage.
Moving stocks are divided into consumables and NZ, which is spent, as a rule, with the permission of the regiment commander, and in special cases, which are urgent, with the permission of the battalion commander.
The “untouchable reserve” consists of: 1-3 daily food supplies held by soldiers and sergeants with machine guns, guns, mortars, and combat vehicles; part of the fuel in the tanks of military and transport vehicles.
To protect against radioactive, poisonous and bacteriological (biological) substances, military units are provided with protective equipment laid down by them on the timesheets to the states. Each sergeant, soldier, officer should always have individual dressing and anti-chemical bags, antidotes, as well as weapons accessories, a pot, a flask, a mug, a spoon, a towel, a second pair of footcloths (socks) and toiletries.
Material assets to troops are released :
from warehouses of associations according to the orders and orders of the relevant supply bodies;
from warehouses of formations and units according to orders and consignment notes by heads of services of units and formations.
assigned units, subunits, if it is not possible to supply them from the warehouses of their units and parts with ammunition, fuel and food, may be provided from the warehouses of the unit, the unit to which they are assigned.
The company commander personally issues monetary allowance to the personnel, and the company sanitary instructor gives medical equipment.
Additional sources of supplying troops with material resources may be blanks from local funds, trophies, as well as suitable assemblies, units and parts removed from decommissioned domestic and irreparable trophy machines.
Procurement from local resources is carried out in parts according to the instructions of the senior chief, procured material resources are checked for contamination; they are taken into account and spent on account of the planned supply of troops according to established standards. Issuance for the supply of prepared food without laboratory testing is not allowed.
The collection of captured weapons, equipment, food and other materiel is carried out by captured teams created by order of unit commanders. If necessary, specialists from services are allocated to the trophy teams.
The work of the trophy teams is led by the deputy commander of the rear.
Troops can use, without the permission of the senior commander, only that trophy weaponry, equipment and property that they captured in battle and which can immediately be turned against the enemy or used to meet the urgent needs of the troops, which commanders report on command.
Trophy weapons, equipment and property that cannot be used by troops are subject to evacuation to the rear.
The satisfaction of prisoners of war when they are in the assembly point of the compound is carried out by order of the deputy unit commander on the rear in accordance with established procedures and norms.
Training issue: military units.
food. Subsidiary farm.
Army food supply is one of the main types of material support for troops. It is directly dependent on their organizational structure, equipment modern weapons and military equipmentperformed by the troops tasks, as well as the state and capabilities of the country's economy.
Food supply troops It is a complex and multifaceted activity of the food service related to the collection, receipt, storage, distribution, bringing to the military units of the material resources of the service, the organization of catering for personnel and bread baking in the troops. It occupies one of the important places in satisfying the constantly growing material, cultural and domestic needs of military personnel and is of great importance for maintaining their health, maintaining a high psychological, moral state and combat readiness.
One of main objectives and ultimate goal of food securityis the organization of high-grade and high-quality nutrition of military personnel.
Food security means broad set of activities , conducted by the food service, the main purpose of which is the uninterrupted supply of compounds, units and institutions with food, fodder, equipment and property by the food service and catering for military personnel in accordance with established standards.
This set of measures includes: developing standards for daily allowance of personnel and standards for providing troops with equipment and property, calculating requirements, reclaiming and distributing allocated funds; procurement and storage of food, machinery and property; providing troops with food, equipment and property and the necessary funds for the needs of the service, the organization of repair of equipment and property; organization of high-quality and nutritious nutrition of personnel and military bakery; management of production and repair enterprises of the food service; the organization and management of the training of junior food service specialists and the methodological guidance of the training of officer officers and other activities.
Unlike other types of materiel, food is consumed daily, regardless of what tasks the troops perform: whether they are fighting, are on vacation, or are carrying out training tasks according to combat and special training plans. Therefore, uninterrupted food supply is the most important condition for the combat activity of troops.
This provision determines the role and place of food service in the general system of logistics for troops. The food service is an integral part of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan and is organizationally part of the rear of military units, formations and associations.
The food service manages material and financial resources, gives orders, instructions and explanations to subordinate institutions and troops on food supply issues.
The food service provides troops through their respective institutions and enterprises: food depots and bases, service and equipment repair workshops, military canteens, bakeries, bakeries, military cook schools, military farms, auxiliary agricultural enterprises, military subsidiary (bait) farms parts.
Food provision is carried out according to the scheme : Center (food department of the Logistics Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan) -\u003e regional command -\u003e compound -\u003e military unit -\u003e unit -\u003e military man.
The Food Directorate directs all activities of the army food service. It plans and organizes the provision of troops with food, equipment and property, and the necessary funds for the needs of the service, organizes mobilization training of troops for the service; manages the placement, accumulation and refreshment of food supplies, equipment and property in the regional command, at bases and warehouses; manages the food service of the regional command, production and financial and economic activities of enterprises of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan through the food services of the regional command, directs the activities of directly subordinate institutions and enterprises, as well as military representatives at industrial enterprises.
The Food Directorate is developing: a proposal for the organizational and staffing structure of governing bodies and institutions of the food service, scientifically-based food ration standards, standards for providing troops with equipment and service property, as well as allowances for full-time animals kept in military units; regulations, manuals, instructions and other guidance documents for the service, as well as programs, manuals and guidelines for the training of junior service specialists.
The food service of the regional command is assigned: mobilization training of troops in the service; management of the activities of subordinate institutions, enterprises and food services of military units; control over catering of personnel and military bakery; organization and implementation of control over the correctness and legality of the expenditure of food, equipment and property; organization of accounting and reporting on the service, as well as training of junior food service specialists. In addition, the food service of the regional command monitors the implementation of plans capital construction and repair of food service facilities.
The food supply of the service troops is carried out through subordinate institutions: food bases and warehouses; garrison and training bakeries and bakeries, repair shops for the repair of property services.
In the compound, the food supply of the units is organized by the head of the food service of the compound, in whose subordination there is a food warehouse and a mobile bakery. When the link performs the supply functions, a food warehouse is deployed and operates at the link, and in the absence of the possibility of obtaining bread from local or garrison bakery enterprises, a bakery or a bakery can be deployed. If the link of the supply chain function does not perform, then the food service of the compound only controls the state of the food supply of the units.
In the military unit, direct provision of food and nutrition for personnel is organized.
Military unit food service organizes the receipt of food from compound warehouses, from the bases (warehouses) of supplier enterprises. It creates and maintains stocks of food, equipment and property, providing uninterrupted power to personnel, combat and mobilization readiness of the unit.
The fulfillment of the whole range of tasks of the food service of the military unit is organized by the head of the service, who supervises the work of the food warehouse, canteen, and subsidiary farming.
The food service performs its work in close cooperation with the rear headquarters, with medical, veterinary, clothing, fuel, military communications, automobile, motor transport, engineering, apartment maintenance and other services.
The medical service carries out sanitary and hygienic control of food during receipt, storage and delivery, while organizing catering for personnel and baking bread. If necessary, she conducts a sanitary examination of food and water.
The Veterinary Service carries out veterinary and sanitary examination and laboratory studies of animal products and forage, which are supplied for security and stored in food warehouses, as well as slaughter examination and veterinary control of the slaughter of food animals.
Monitors the sanitary condition of food warehouses, food transport facilities and food storage areas; carries out veterinary services for animals of household farms, monitoring their maintenance, feeding and watering.
The clothing service provides the food service personnel with special clothes, organizes the washing and repair of these clothes.
The fuel and lubricants service provides liquid fuel necessary for the operation of cooking facilities, field bakery and other food service equipment.
The military communications service, at the request of the food service, plans and organizes the transportation of food, equipment and property by rail, water and air.
The automotive service carries out repairs and maintenance of automotive equipment available in the food service, provides tire sets with all automotive equipment on which the food service equipment is mounted.
The road transport service plans and carries out road transport of food, machinery and property.
The engineering service carries out exploration, water production and equipment of water supply points, provides food service establishments with rubberized water storage tanks, mobile power plants and carries out their repair.
The apartment-maintenance service monitors the operation and organizes the repair of buildings and structures at facilities and food service establishments. Organizes water supply, heat supply, electricity and gas supply of food service facilities. Provides military units with digestion boilers with a capacity of more than 100 liters.
In their work, bodies and institutions of the food service are closely based on political bodies that mobilize personnel to fulfill the tasks of the service.
Catering for military personnel is organized in regular canteens of military units, which, depending on the contingent of military personnel and allowance standards, are divided into soldiers, cadets, and officers. Warrant officers, contract servicemen, with the exception of flight personnel, take food in separate rooms of soldiers' canteens.
The proper organization of military nutrition is one of the most important conditions contributing to the preservation and strengthening of health, and the increase in combat and state-legal training of personnel.
Officials of the military unit must constantly take care of the nutrition of the personnel, of providing it with benign, wholesome, tasty and varied food.
The charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan determines that the organization of food is carried out by the commander of the military unit, his deputy for rear services, and the head of the food service.
The head of the canteen of the military unit organizes the work of cooks and other workers in the canteen: it ensures the cleanliness and order of production and auxiliary rooms, the uninterrupted operation of technological and refrigeration equipment, the sound preparation of food and the completeness of its delivery to personnel, the economical use of bread, the correct and accurate serving of lunch tables and high-quality dishwashing.
The number of meals is determined by the diet of the military. Depending on the standards of contentment and the nature of combat training, a three- or four-time meal is set to not exceed 7 hours: breakfast - before the start of classes, lunch - after the end of the main classes, dinner - 2-3 hours before the end of the session. After lunch, at least 30 minutes are not allowed to conduct classes or work.
The daily allowance for three meals a day is distributed by calorie content: for breakfast 30-35%, for lunch 40-45%, for dinner 30-20%.
It is necessary not only to correctly distribute the daily allowance for calories, but also the most appropriate to use products that have different nutritional values.
In the army, food for military personnel is organized from field kitchens to content units with staffing facilities for preparing food in the field (battalion, division, separate company, etc.). units that do not have regular means for cooking, by order of the deputy commander of the military unit on the rear, are affixed to food for content units taking into account the tasks performed and the convenience of obtaining food.
For the preparation of hot food, its distribution, provision of personnel with bread, sugar, tea, tobacco products, matches and drinking water, the battalion food station (BPP) is deployed by the economic department of the battalion’s platoon.
Food storage is organized in accordance with the Storage Guide in specially equipped warehouses and storages.
To obtain additional food for military personnel, milk, meat, lard, tomatoes, radishes, onions and other greens at military units are organized by the decision of the unit commander.
Whenever possible and expedient, it is allowed to keep all types of meat and dairy cattle, rabbits, poultry, as well as orchards and ponds for bringing fish in farms.
Animals are provided with fodder due to food waste, haymaking in permitted places for growing grain fodder, rough and succulent fodder.
The production and financial activities of the kolkhoz farms are carried out on the basis of the annual plan for the development of the kolkhoz economy and the calculation of the monetary fund of the military unit.
The construction and repair of livestock buildings, greenhouses, hotbeds is carried out by forces and means of military units.
The production of bakeries is consumed:
for additional food for military personnel receiving food rations laid by them through the canteens of military units;
for the planned provision of troops.
The accounting of material resources of the near-farms is carried out in the food service of the military unit in accordance with the Manual on the registration of material resources in the military units of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Reporting on the billeting economy is compiled in the forms and submitted within the time limits established by the Reporting table of urgent reports of the rear.
The khakim farm is organized and conducted in accordance with the Instructions for the organization of the khak farm economy of the military unit, approved by the head of the food department of the Logistics Department of the General Staff of the Armed Forces.
3. Educational issue: Military clothing support
Clothing support for troops is organized and carried out in accordance with the "Guidelines for clothing support of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan for peacetime" - Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan –2000, No. 335 and Regulations on clothing support of the army in wartime - Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan - 1998 No. 0300.
The purpose of clothing support is to create conditions for the fulfillment of the tasks of combat and state-legal training of troops, maintaining them in constant combat and mobilization readiness, and also ensuring the fulfillment of tasks by troops for their intended purpose and in various types of military operations.
The tasks of clothing support include:
supplies: uniforms, shoes, underwear, bedding, equipment, warm clothes, special clothing, badges of distinction, sanitary, skiing, sports, climbing equipment, tents, tarpaulins and rugs;
materials for tailoring, repair and dry cleaning of clothing;
forms and books of accounting and reporting on the clothing service;
wind and percussion musical instruments for full-time military bands;
military passing banners;
technical means (mobile workshops for the repair and dry cleaning of clothing, mechanized laundries), as well as equipment, tools, spare parts and equipment for clothing repair workshops and bath-laundry enterprises;
items of convoy property (wagons, harness, saddles and bindweights for transportation of household goods, items for caring for horses, horseshoe property);
3) bath and laundry services for the personnel of military units and provision of personnel for military units, and provision of cleaning materials;
organization and implementation of repair of clothing property and clothing service equipment, dry cleaning of uniforms and special. clothes;
financial planning of expenditures of military units and institutions by articles (specifications).
The rules for providing property assets are determined the number of items dispensed per person (in medical institutions, sanatoriums and dispensaries - per regular staff bed) or per military unit (unit), and the timing of their wear (operation).
Shelf life) is the period of time during which the item must be in use for its intended purpose. The storage time of an item of clothing in warehouses shall not be counted in terms of wear. For seasonal items of clothing property issued for sock (operation), the term of sock (operation) for one season is counted for one year.
Proprietary property issued to personnel is divided into property personal use and inventory.
According to the quality condition, clothing and equipment, equipment for repair shops, bath-laundry enterprises and institutions, musical instruments, tarpaulins and tents are divided into three categories:
Issuance of clothing property is made twice a year:
In order to provide military personnel with military clothing, footwear and equipment of the required size, as well as for the correct application of the established sizes of property in military units (formations), fit issued items, which is preceded by anthropometric measurement of military personnel.
The purpose of the fit is the selection of military clothing, hats, shoes and equipment for each soldier in accordance with the dimensional characteristics of his body and the determination of the actual size and size assortment of property needed to ensure the personnel of this unit. In preparation for the mass dressing of military personnel in a unit (company), based on anthropometric data, company-size lists are compiled in advance.
Military personnel who during the fitting process are unable to pick up individual items of clothing are assigned fitof these items.
Fit is the alteration of clothing aimed at ensuring its proper fit on the figure and giving the soldier an appropriate appearance.
Simple work on remaking clothes, such as changing the buttons, hooks and loops, rearranging the straps on their overcoats and jackets, can be done at the same time as fitting by the military personnel themselves.
Tailors perform more complex alterations of military clothing items.
In order to secure things for personal use and inventory items for a military unit (unit) and personnel, to remove anonymity in the use of clothing property, as well as to determine the time spent in wear (operation), branding of items of clothing.
Brandingsubject to all items of personal property, inventory, as well as pledged to the emergency reserve. Brands can be made of metal, plastic and rubber, solid or with inserted numbers (letters).
The most important task of providing clothing for troops is the bath and laundry service of the personnel of the Armed Forces. The purpose of the bath and laundry service is to maintain the health of servicemen and maintain high combat readiness of the troops.
The tasks of the bath and laundry service are as follows:
organization of a regular weekly bath in the military bath urgent service, as well as liabilities reserve, during the passage of fees, with the obligatory change of underwear, bed linen, towels and footcloths (socks);
washing underwear, bedding, table-kitchen linen, cotton uniforms, footcloths, towels and special clothes;
dry cleaning and tinting of uniforms, blankets and overalls;
disinfection and disinsection of uniforms and bedding;
repair of underwear and bed linen (at laundries);
supply of soap, washing powder, soda ash and other detergents for bath-laundries, sanitary-hygienic and toilet needs, as well as cash to pay for the costs of bath and laundry services;
supply of equipment, spare means for it, inventory and other materials;
management of production and economic activities of bath-and-laundry enterprises, control over their maintenance and work.
4. Educational issue: Housing maintenance.
Housing of military units. Exploitation
barracks housing and communal
facilities. Maintenance of the territory of the military
small towns. Utilities. Security
furniture, barracks, property and
fuel
Military units are housed, as a rule, in military camps, which consist of a barracks zone, a fleet of equipment and weapons, economic, storage and residential areas.
In the barracks area headquarters, educational buildings, barracks, canteens, clubs, gyms, medical centers, consumer service factories, soldier's tea houses and shops, guard rooms, checkpoints, parade grounds and complexes of sports grounds are located; in the fleet of equipment and weapons - control and technical points, refueling points of cars, points of cleaning and washing cars, warehouses of armored vehicles, automobile, artillery and other equipment (garages, awnings, open areas and fences); in the economic zone - workshops, bakeries, baths, laundries, fire stations and other facilities; in the warehouse area - warehouses of food, clothing and other property; in the residential area - residential buildings for accommodation with the families of generals, officers, warrant officers, military personnel - contractors, workers and employees.
The transfer to use parts of the barracks and housing stock, communal facilities and land plots is carried out by the apartment-operational parts (KECh) of the regions and garrisons.
The distribution of buildings, structures and land between units when placing them in one military camp is made by order of the head of the garrison or the commander of the association.
A responsibility for the use of the barracks and housing stock and utilities provided to the units, their proper technical operation, safety, maintenance and fire safety is the responsibility of the unit commander.
Dismantling buildings (structures) is allowed only in case of its natural deterioration or destruction as a result of natural disaster and unsuitability for further operation.
Housing for generals, officers, warrant officers, contract servicemen and family members living with them is provided at the place of service of these servicemen from the housing stock of the Ministry of Defense. The distribution of living space between them is considered by the housing commission of the unit, agreed with the deputy commander of the unit and approved.
The proper organization of the technical operation of the barracks and housing stock and communal facilities should ensure their long-term (at least established service lives) maintenance in order to create the most favorable conditions for maintaining combat readiness, deployment, combat and state-legal training, and satisfying cultural and everyday life , as well as the storage of weapons, military and other equipment, ammunition, fuel and other material means of the unit. This is achieved: by maintaining the barracks and housing stock, communal facilities and the territory of the military camp in full compliance with the requirements of the Internal Service Charter, existing guidelines, rules and standards for the technical operation of buildings and structures; timely and high-quality overhaul and maintenance; clear performance of duties by all workers and employees engaged in the operation; carrying out preventive measures for fire safety; compliance with labor protection rules, safety precautions and industrial sanitation at all military facilities.
The organization of the proper technical operation of the barracks and housing stock of communal facilities, as well as the maintenance of the territories allocated for the quartering of units, is assigned to their commanders and deputy commanders on the rear.
For the timely identification of deficiencies in the operation of the barracks and housing stock, communal facilities and the improvement of the territories of military camps, as well as clarifying the scope of work to eliminate these shortcomings, inspectionsmilitary camps. They are general, partial and extraordinary.
General inspections are carried outtwice a year.
Specific calendar dates are set by the head of the KECh district (garrison), depending on local climatic conditions.
Partial inspections- when there is deformation in the building structures, utility structures - periodically, to ensure uninterrupted operation.
Extraordinary examinations- no later than one two days after natural disasters (heavy rain, hurricane wind, heavy snow, etc.).
1) All buildings, premises and territory of military camps must always be kept clean and tidy. Premises and facades of buildings should be painted with paints of established colors. Washing floors with a spill of water, as well as rubbing them with mineral oils and petroleum products is prohibited. In winter, the dormer windows of buildings must be closed, and in the summer - opened, it is necessary to protect with special grilles. In the attics in places remote from the chimneys, only winter window frames can be stored. The attics and dryers must be locked, the keys to them are stored at the duty of those units that are responsible for the maintenance of these premises.
2) Basements (basements) and technical undergrounds of buildings should be dry, have lighting and kept clean. Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the maintenance of the roofs of buildings: they must be systematically inspected, repaired, painted and cleaned of debris in a timely manner, and in the winter - from snow. Gutters, wall gutters, overhangs, funnels, ebbs and coatings of the protruding parts of the facades should also be kept in good condition, repaired and painted in a timely manner.
3) Regular ventilation (ventilation) of residential and non-residential premises.
4) The beginning and end of the heating period are announced by order of the head of the garrison. The order and time of heating the premises is established by the unit commander. All boiler rooms, central heating systems, stoves, chimneys are carefully checked before the start of the heating period, and faulty ones are repaired. It is forbidden to install new and temporary furnaces without the permission of the housing maintenance and fire services, use faulty furnaces, use flammable liquids for kindling stoves, leave unattended stoves dry, dry fuel in stoves or stoves and store it in residential premises, as well as stab and cut firewood in rooms, corridors and on stairs.
6) Water sources, reservoirs with water supply, water pumping stations, decontamination and cleaning facilities drinking water must have a sanitary protection zone fenced and kept under constant surveillance and protection. Access by unauthorized persons to this area is strictly prohibited.
7) Sewer collectors, wells, drains, breakage must be periodically cleaned and washed, there must be strict control over the operation of sewage treatment plants in a given technological mode.
8) Defects and malfunctions detected during the spring inspection in the central heating system should be eliminated. At the end of the heating period, the water heating system is flushed with fresh water until it reaches the drain valve. pure water. After washing, the system fills with water, heats up to 85-90С, air is discharged from the air collectors and in this position it remains until the start of the heating season. The steam heating system is not flushed with water, and steam boilers (if descaling is not required) are flushed and filled with boiled water. Checking the readiness of boiler equipment and central heating systems for the heating season is carried out by a test firebox.
9) The gas economy must be kept in good condition at all times in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for Technical Operation and Safety in the Gas Economy.
10) The territory of the military camp, roads, sidewalks, driveways, blind areas around the building, canals, ditches, passages and crossings, bridges, etc. must be kept clean and tidy. Garbage should be removed in a timely manner, and snow in winter. The blind areas and sidewalks around the buildings in order to avoid walls and foundations should be intact.
In the absence of sanitary facilities in the buildings, outdoor latrines and washbasins with waterproof cesspools are arranged in places as directed by the head of the KECh district (garrison) and by agreement with the head of the medical service of the unit (garrison).
On the territory of each military camp there are places for organized collection of garbage and food waste, equipped with waste bins. The outer latrines and garbage bins should be tightly closed, cleaned of sewage and debris in a timely manner and the cleaning system should be disinfected. Inspection wells of utilities are cleaned of debris and silt, closed with lids and free access to them is provided at any time of the year.
Elements of sports and playgrounds, fences and fences of military camps should be constantly in good condition. For green spaces on the territory of a military camp, proper care is organized (cutting branches, watering, feeding, fencing, etc.) by the personnel of the unit.
11) The fire safety rules established by the Internal Service Charter must be strictly followed in part.
12) to maintain the good condition of the barracks and housing stock and ensure the uninterrupted functioning of communal facilities, military units contain the necessary operational personnel for workers and employees. The staff is tested technical knowledge on the right to service utilities and equipment. They are issued with appropriate certificates. All personnel are provided with the required tools and special clothing.
Housing and operational support of troopsincludes such security measuresnature in the units and formations, which are organized, conducted and controlled by the commanders of units and formations, their deputies, heads of services and other officials.
Utility services include: power supply, cleanliness of the barracks and housing stock and territory of the units.
At the expense of funds allocated for utilities, the following expenses are incurred: rental of premises, payment of bonuses to workers and employees for saving fuel used for power plants for public utilities; on business trips and official trips of workers and employees; for damages to individuals and organizations.
To pay for utility bills cost estimateassociated with the operation of public utilities and supplied electricity, water, heat.
Providing parts with furniture, barracks equipment, fire equipment and property of the RECH bodies in accordance with established standards. The need for these materiel is calculated only for those objects of military economy that are available.
Furniture, barracks, fire equipment and property are the property of the respective premises and cannot be transferred from one unit to another without the permission of the unit commander. It is forbidden to use these materiel for other purposes, as well as to take them out of a military camp when a unit departs to a training center or camp, to a training ground, exercises, maneuvers and when it is relocated. In these cases, it is allowed to export only 1-2 iron cabinets (boxes) necessary for the transport of classified documents and money (with a note about this in the certificate).
Repair of furniture and barracks equipment is carried out by forces of the unit and in the workshops of the organs of the REC.
Fire equipment and property that has become unusable due to premature wear or damage due to fires (in case of natural disasters, accidents) are deducted from the inventory according to inspection certificates based on the conclusions of the head of the fire protection inspection of the association.
The parts are provided with solid fuel (firewood, coal, peat briquettes, etc.), gas and thermal energy are provided by the RECH bodies. Liquid fuel parts are provided by the procedure established by the relevant Regulation on the supply of fuel.
Gas (natural and liquefied) parts are received by organizations at the expense of their funds.
Limits on thermal energy establish heat supply organizations under contracts with consumers.
The annual applications for solid fuel and gas for production and technological purposes for the coming year of parts are submitted to the corresponding apartment-operational parts of the districts (garrisons) by April 15 of this year. The applications shall indicate: the planned fuel consumption in conventional and physical terms, separately for free and paid needs (by type of consumption) for the year and quarterly; its expected balances and the necessary carry-over reserves at the beginning and end of the planned year; the required amount of fuel for centralized funds, as well as procured by forces and means of parts from local resources.
Calculation of fuel needs for the coming year for household purposes is made according to the norms of heat and fuel consumption for household needs for military units, institutions, enterprises and organizations of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The need for fuel for production and technological needs is determined by specific standards.
The basis for the preparation of an application for fuel is a book calculating the fuel needs.
The normative reserves of solid fuel at the end of the planned year are established depending on the conditions of its procurement and transportation: for parts receiving fuel by rail, for three months (January - March); for parts with an annual demand of up to 200 tons of coal and 200 storage m 3 of wood when receiving fuel by rail, for four months (January - April); for parts remote over considerable distances from the railways, if it is difficult to deliver fuel in the winter and in the spring thaw, for five months (January - May); etc.
Military units receive solid fuel from the warehouses of the REC or garrisons or directly from suppliers with delivery to their own access roads or the nearest railway stations (ports, marinas).
In cities and other settlements where a unified fuel processing and delivery procedure has been established, it is received from local city (district) fuel depots or other organizations under contracts. Transportation of fuel from warehouses and railway stations (ports, marinas) of the unit is carried out on their own and by means.
Accounting of fuel in parts is carried out according to the forms established by the Accounting Guide. On a quarterly basis, the commission checks the actual availability of fuel in the warehouses of units and garrisons and their compliance with the credentials.
The fuel depots of the units are organized and equipped with their forces and means. By orders of unit commanders, persons responsible for the layout of the fuel are appointed. Storage of fuel in warehouses must comply with the requirements of the Guidelines for the storage of solid fuels.
From the history of creation
The rear support of the troops arose with the birth of the armies of slave states. It received its first organizational forms in the army of Ancient Rome, which had special bodies that paid soldiers salaries, supplied them with weapons, clothing, etc. There were special camp workshops for the manufacture and repair of weapons and military equipment. Food was bought from the population or collected as a tribute from the conquered peoples. Small stocks of weapons, food, clothing and shoes were transported behind troops in convoys. For this purpose, pack animals, carts, and vehicles by water allocated by the population at the request of the military leaders were used. Great importance attached to the construction of roads, bridges, the search for water sources along the paths of the movement of troops. For the first time, treasurers, quartermasters, people who were in charge of road and fortification work, camps and the deployment of troops appeared in the armies of slave states.
In the 11-15 centuries. there was no centralized provision of troops. In mercenary armies of the 15-17th centuries. mercenaries were required to pay for weapons, equipment, clothing and food. The army was accompanied by merchants (Markitants) in the campaigns, supplying the soldiers with foodstuffs and household items. With the increase in the number of regular armies, greater difficulties arose in providing them with food and forage during wars. In this regard, in the 2nd half of the 17th century. in the French, and then in other European armies, the Store Supply System was adopted, later mobile stores were introduced, which, although state-owned, were not subordinate to the armed forces. With the increase in the number of armies and the development of their organization (18-19 centuries), regular units intended for centralized rear support of troops and fleets gradually began to be formed as part of units and formations. Since then T. began to take shape organizationally. with. in its modern understanding. With the appearance in the 2nd half of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. mass armed forces, built on the principles of a cadre army and navy, equipping the troops and forces of the fleet with new military equipment with. becoming more complex and diverse.
In Russia at the beginning of the 18th century with the creation of a regular army, Peter I formed two services: provisioning - to provide troops with food and fodder, and commissariat - to finance, providing clothing, a convoy, and hand weapons. In the shelves there were business units - permanent wagons with stocks of material means: baking, drying of crackers, meat harvesting, tailoring and repair of uniforms and shoes were carried out. In the 18th century Infirmaries and hospitals were created (See Hospital).
Since the beginning of the 19th century the Ministry of War had commissariat and provision departments, which were part of the Main Quartermaster Directorate formed in 1864. It was entrusted with the functions previously performed by the troops themselves (supplying all types of materiel, organizing tailoring of uniforms, etc.): the posts of quartermaster from the main to the division were established. In 1900, quartermaster courses were created in St. Petersburg (in 1911 they were transformed into the quartermaster's academy). By the beginning of the 1st World War 1914-18 there were commissar departments - the Main, district, serf, corps, divisional - as administrative bodies and various rear institutions (warehouses, workshops, bakeries, etc.). The composition of the troops included units and units of material, medical, veterinary, and in the navy, in addition, emergency and rescue support.
In the German army, the beginning of the 20th century. army commissaries, food shops at the theater of war (see Theater of War), food mobile shops on trains, on railways and on ships obeyed the chief quartermaster. Army commissar activity was controlled by army, corps, and division commissaries. Other rear armies had a similar rear organization.
The use of tanks, aircraft and automobile transport during the 1st World War required the creation of the forces and means of technical, road, engineering, airfield and airfield technical support, and the supply of fuel, tools and other new property. Appearance chemical weapons caused the need to equip troops with protection against toxic substances. The complexity of meeting the needs of multimillion-strong armed forces during the war in a variety of military equipment led to a significant expansion of communications of military forces. with. with the state economy.
The rear of the Soviet Armed Forces was created simultaneously with the formation of units of the Red Army and Navy. In 1918, the Central Procurement Office was organized. The first detachments of the Red Army did not have full-time rear units, material resources were received from local Soviets and military commissariats, which were in charge of the warehouses of the former tsarist army. From 1918, the supply of troops with material resources was controlled by the chief of the supply of the relevant front, army, division, brigade, to which various services were subordinate. Important measures for the organization of T. century with. were adopted as a result of the Military Reform 1924-25 (See Military Reform 1924-25); material support is concentrated in a single body - the Office of the Head of Procurement of the Red Army; established the relationship of organs T. century with. with national economic authorities; the supply scheme was adopted - center - district - part; reorganized military rear support agencies. As the national economy and the technical re-equipment of the armed forces developed, units and subunits appeared that performed the functions of supplying aviation, armored vehicles, motor vehicles and equipment, fuel, etc. In March 1941, by decision of the CPSU Central Committee and the Soviet government, the leadership of the Main Quartermaster Office, the Sanitary, Veterinary Directorates Of the Red Army, the department of material funds was entrusted to the Deputy People's Commissar of Defense Marshal of the Soviet Union S.M. Budyonny.
By the beginning of World War II 1941-45 T. century. With., except for the rear units, units and institutions that were part of the units, formations and associations of the combat arms and branches of the armed forces, also had bases and warehouses with stocks of materiel, automobile, railway, road, evacuation, repair, engineering aerodrome, aviation-technical, medical, veterinary and other rear units and institutions of central subordination. The Decree of the State Defense Committee on August 1, 1941 introduced a centralized management system for T. v. p.: The Main Directorate of Logistics of the Red Army and the Logistics Directorate in the fronts and armies were created, and the posts of the Chief of Logistics of the Red Army and the Logistics Heads of the fronts and armies were established. As part of the Main Directorate of Logistics, the Headquarters of the Heads of Logistics was formed, and in the directorates of the Heads of Logistics of the fronts and armies, organizational and planning departments were formed. In the center and associations there were, in addition, directorates (departments) of military communications, the road service and an inspection of the chief of rear services. The Chief of Quartermaster’s Directorate, the Fuel Supply Directorate, the Main Military Sanitary and Veterinary Directorates were also subordinate to the rear services head of the Red Army; the corresponding directorates and departments were subordinate to the chiefs of logistics of fronts and armies. On August 19, 1941, the post of chief of the rear of the Air Force was introduced; in May 1942, the head of the rear of the Navy; At the same time, the posts of chiefs of logistics in the corps and divisions were established. The rear commanders were endowed with the rights: in the center, respectively, the deputy people's commissar of defense and the Navy, and in associations and formations, deputy commanders (commanders). They were responsible for the rear arrangement, transportation of all types of materiel, evacuation and provision of troops for subordinate services; The rear chief of the Red Army was also responsible for transporting all types of reinforcements to the fronts. During the war, stationary warehouses were replaced by field warehouses in the fronts, field army bases were created in the armies. In January 1943, the Main Automobile Directorate was formed, and in June the Main Road Directorate. In June 1943 the Main Directorate of Logistics of the Red Army was abolished; its headquarters, directorates, and departments were directly subordinate to the chief of rear services. Then it was adopted new system transportation - “on my own”, according to which the responsibility for the delivery of materiel from supply stations (army depots) to the troops (at divisional exchange points) rested with the army rear commanders, and for the transportation from divisional to regimental warehouses - with the chiefs of rear divisions.
During the war years T. century with. received over 10 million tons of ammunition, over 16 million tons of fuel from the national economy of the country, provided storage and transportation to the troops and fleet forces, a large number weapons, equipment, food and other materiel. Only by road transport 145 million tons of supplies were transported. Military rail transport exceeded 19 million wagons. About 100 thousand km of roads were built and restored by the road service. About 120 thousand km of railway tracks were restored and reshaped by the forces of the railway troops and special forces. Over 6 thousand airdromes have been equipped for aviation. After treatment, the medical service returned to service over 72% of the wounded and about 91% of the patients. The personnel of the army and navy received full nutrition. All the most important issues of logistic support of the armed forces were decided by the GKO through the General Staff, the head of the rear of the Red Army and the heads of other central government bodies. The centralization of rear management made it possible to efficiently and economically use the available forces and means. Feats of Warriors T.V. with. during the Great Patriotic War, highly valued by the party and government: 52 of them were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and more than 30 - Heroes of Socialist Labor, many tens of thousands were awarded orders and medals; a large number of rear units and institutions were awarded orders, awarded the title of guards and received honorary titles.
After the war, the restructuring of the organizational structure and the technical re-equipment of T. c. with. With the formation of new types of armed forces, their rear was simultaneously created. The full motorization of all links T. century pp., created new units and institutions for various purposes. In June 1958, the post of Deputy Minister of Defense - the chief of logistics of the Ministry of Defense was established, which since 1962 has been called the Deputy Minister of Defense - chief of logistics of the Armed Forces; in associations, formations and units, the post of chief of logistics was transformed into the position of deputy commander (commander) for logistics. T. v. with. headed by: lieutenant general (later army general) A.V. Khrulyov (August 1941 - January 1951), Colonel General V.I. Vinogradov (January 1951 - June 1958), Marshal of the Soviet Union I.Kh. Baghramyan (June 1958 - April 1968), Army General S.S. Maryakhin (April 1968 - June 1972). Since July 1972 T. century with. led by Army General S.K. Kurkotkin.
The modern rear of the Soviet Armed Forces includes: arsenals, bases and warehouses with stocks of material resources; special forces - automobile, railway, road and pipeline; auxiliary fleet; parts, institutions and subdivisions - engineering-aerodrome, aviation-technical, emergency-rescue, evacuation, repair, construction, medical, veterinary, etc. To ensure the activities of T. v. with. it may also include units and subunits engineering troops, communications troops, air defense and security. The scale and nature of the tasks performed T. century. with. divided into strategic, operational and military rear; by affiliation - to the rear of the center, district, navy, front, army, flotillas, aviation fleets, corps, naval bases, divisional, brigade, regiment, naval, battalion. The strategic rear includes the rear of the center (arsenals, bases and warehouses with stocks of materiel, parts of the special forces of the rear and other rear units and institutions that are in the immediate direct possession of the Ministry of Defense and commanders of the armed forces). The operational rear consists of bases and warehouses with stocks of materiel, parts of special rear forces and other rear units and institutions that are part of all types of armed forces. The troop rear is formed by warehouses with stocks of materiel, motor vehicles, repair, medical and other units and units intended for the direct rear support of formations, units, ships and units. Each military unit, unit (ship) and unit has its own rear, the composition of which is determined by the states. For example, the rear of a motorized rifle battalion consists of a supply platoon, a repair shop and a battalion medical center. Having the necessary road transport, he is able to follow the battalion in the conduct of military operations or on the march and perform its tasks in any situation.
The rear of the Armed Forces - These are forces and means that provide logistical and technical support to the army and navy in peacetime and wartime.
The rear is an integral part of the armed forces; the totality of military units, institutions and units engaged in the transport of material resources, material, transport, technical, engineering-aerodrome, aerodrome-technical, medical, veterinary, commercial, residential, operational, financial, and in the Navy, in addition, emergency rescue support.
- The rear consists of various units, institutions and units necessary to perform the following main tasks:
- constantly maintain stocks of materiel and provide troops with them;
- carry out preparation, operation, technical cover and restoration of communication lines and vehicles;
- provide military transport of all kinds;
- restore military equipment and property;
- create conditions for basing aviation and fleet forces;
- provide medical care to the wounded and sick;
- to carry out anti-epidemic, medical and preventive, sanitary-hygienic and veterinary measures;
- carry out commercial, household, apartment-operational and financial support;
- assist troops in restoring their combat effectiveness and eliminating the consequences of enemy attacks.
To accomplish these tasks, it has bases and warehouses with stocks of materiel for various purposes, special troops (automobile, road, pipeline, etc.), auxiliary fleet, engineering-airfield, aviation-technical, repair, medical, veterinary and other units, units and institutions.
The rear of the Armed Forces is designed to provide the Armed Forces with all types of materiel and the content of their stocks, to prepare and operate communications, to ensure military transport, to repair weapons and military equipmentproviding medical care to the wounded and sick, conducting sanitary-hygienic and veterinary measures and performing a number of other tasks of logistical support. The rear of the Armed Forces includes arsenals, bases, warehouses with stocks of material resources. It has special troops (automobile, railway, road, pipeline, engineering-aerodrome and others), as well as repair, medical, rear guard and other units and units.
- The rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Armed Forces of Russia) includes:
- Central Office of Military Communications of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Automobile and Road Administration of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Central Administration of Rocket Fuel and Fuel of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Central Food Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Central Clothing Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Fire and Rescue and Local Defense Service of the Armed Forces of Russia
- Veterinary Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of Russia
- Department of Environmental Security of the Armed Forces of Russia
- General Directorate of Trade of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Leisure Activities Department of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Department of Agriculture of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Military Scientific Committee of the Rear Services of the Armed Forces of Russia
- Secretariat of the Chief of Logistics of the Armed Forces of Russia
- HR Department of the Rear Armed Forces of Russia
- Department of Military Education of the Rear Services of the Armed Forces of Russia
- The rear of the Russian Armed Forces
- Air Force Rear
- Rear of the Navy
- The rear of the KV (December 1, 2011 on their basis formed the Aerospace Defense Forces)
- Rear Strategic Rocket Forces
- Rear Airborne
- The rear of military districts (fleets) (groups of troops (flotillas)) of the Russian Armed Forces
- Car troops
- Railway troops of the Armed Forces of Russia
- Russian Armed Forces
- Pipeline troops of the Russian Armed Forces
- Rear Guard Troops of the Armed Forces of Russia
