Maximum allowable mineralization of drinking water. We determine the mineralization of drinking water. Research Methodology
Dissolved substances (inorganic salts, organic substances). This indicator is also called solids content or total salinity. Dissolved gases are not taken into account when calculating total mineralization.
Overseas, mineralization is also called the "Total Dissolved Solids" - Total Dissolved Solids (TDS).
The greatest contribution to the total mineralization of water is made by common inorganic salts (bicarbonates, chlorides and sulfates of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium), as well as a small amount of organic substances.
Units
Mineralization is usually calculated in milligrams per liter (mg / l), but, given that the unit of measurement "liter" is not systemic, it is more correct to express mineralization in mg / cubic dm, at high concentrations - in grams per liter (g / l, g / cubic dm). Also, the level of mineralization can be expressed in particles per million particles of water - parts per million (ppm). The ratio between units in mg / l and ppm is almost equal and for simplicity we can assume that 1 mg / l \u003d 1 ppm.
Classification
Depending on the total salinity of the water are divided into the following types:
- slightly mineralized (1-2 g / l),
- low salinity (2-5 g / l),
- average salinity (5-15 g / l),
- high mineralization (15-30 g / l),
- brine mineral water (35-150 g / l)
- hard-brine water (150 g / l and higher).
Sources of mineralization of water
Mineralization of water is influenced by both natural factors and human exposure. Natural mineralization depends on the geology of the region of origin of the waters. Different levels of solubility of minerals in the environment have a serious effect on the resulting mineralization of water.
Human exposure is reduced to industrial wastewater, urban storm water (because salt and other chemicals are used in winter to combat glaciation of the road surface), farmland runoff (which is treated with chemical fertilizers), etc.
Drinking water
The quality of drinking water is regulated in Russia by a number of standards, namely:
Sources
see also
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Synonyms:See what "Mineralization" is in other dictionaries:
- (French, from mineral mineral). Transformation into a solid, into a fossil; formation of stones and ores. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov AN, 1910. MINERALIZATION impregnation of wood or fabrics with mineral salts. ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
mineralization - and, well. minéralization f. 1. geol. The process of formation of ores and stones. Ear 1938. These mineral evaporations are most involved in crystallization, stone dyeing and mineralization. Karamzin DV 12 164. // Cl. 18. || Mineral body, mineral. Words 18.… … Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
MINERALIZATION, the process of FOSSIL formation, in which the organic components of the body are replaced by inorganic matter. Circulating water dissolves certain components of bones and shells, which are replaced by silica, iron or ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary
The process of introduction, as well as the deposition of ore and non-metallic deposits, by ascending or descending ore-bearing solutions or gas emanations, and sometimes magma. melts. Often, this word is understood as the result of the process of deposition of fish, i.e. ... ... Geological Encyclopedia
MINERALIZATION, mineralization, pl. no wives The process of formation of ores and stones (geol.). || Saturation of organic bodies with minerals; the formation of fossils (paleont.). Explanatory dictionary Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
The conversion (splitting, oxidation) of organic substances into inorganic. Usually occurs with the participation of microorganisms that ensure the circulation of nutrients in nature. (Source: "Microbiology: Glossary of Terms", Firsov NN, M: ... ... Dictionary of Microbiology
Exist., Number of synonyms: 2 petrification (18) petrification (5) Dictionary of synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
Mineralization - concentration of salts in water; expressed in mg / l, g / l. One of the most important pollution indicators ... Source: METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CARRYING OUT ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS FOR THE PURPOSE OF RECULTIVATION OF EXISTING DUMP AND DESIGN ... ... Official terminology
mineralization - The process of decomposition of a buried body into individual chemical elements and simple chemical compounds. Note The period of mineralization is determined by climatic, soil, landscape, etc. the conditions of the location of the cemetery. [GOST R ... ... Technical Translator Reference
mineralization - 2.10.7 mineralization: The process of decomposition of a buried body into individual chemical elements and simple chemical compounds. Note The period of mineralization is determined by climatic, soil, landscape, etc. the conditions of the place ... ... Glossary of terms of normative and technical documentation
Books
- Sulfide, strontium and rare-earth mineralization of phosphorites and carbonatites of the Turinsky massif and the Lulekop deposit, P. I. Karchevsky, The results of a detailed study of paragenetic associations, physical properties and chemical composition of sulfides in phosphorites and carbonatites of one of the largest on Kola ... Category: Geology. Minerals Publisher:
Dissolved substances (inorganic salts, organic substances). This indicator is also called solids content or total salinity. Dissolved gases are not taken into account when calculating total mineralization.
Overseas, mineralization is also called the "Total Dissolved Solids" - Total Dissolved Solids (TDS).
The greatest contribution to the total mineralization of water is made by common inorganic salts (bicarbonates, chlorides and sulfates of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium), as well as a small amount of organic substances.
Units
Mineralization is usually calculated in milligrams per liter (mg / l), but, given that the unit of measurement "liter" is not systemic, it is more correct to express mineralization in mg / cubic dm, at high concentrations - in grams per liter (g / l, g / cubic dm). Also, the level of mineralization can be expressed in particles per million particles of water - parts per million (ppm). The ratio between units in mg / l and ppm is almost equal and for simplicity we can assume that 1 mg / l \u003d 1 ppm.
Classification
Depending on the total salinity of the water are divided into the following types:
- slightly mineralized (1-2 g / l),
- low salinity (2-5 g / l),
- average salinity (5-15 g / l),
- high mineralization (15-30 g / l),
- brine mineral water (35-150 g / l)
- hard-brine water (150 g / l and higher).
Sources of mineralization of water
Mineralization of water is influenced by both natural factors and human exposure. Natural mineralization depends on the geology of the region of origin of the waters. Different levels of solubility of minerals in the environment have a serious effect on the resulting mineralization of water.
Human exposure is reduced to industrial wastewater, urban storm water (because salt and other chemicals are used in winter to combat glaciation of the road surface), farmland runoff (which is treated with chemical fertilizers), etc.
Drinking water
The quality of drinking water is regulated in Russia by a number of standards, namely:
Sources
see also
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
See what "Mineralization of water" is in other dictionaries:
MINERALIZATION OF WATER, saturation of water with inorganic (mineral) substances in the form of both ions and colloids (see COLLOID SYSTEMS). The degree of mineralization is expressed in g / l or mg / l (sometimes in g / kg) ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Saturation of water with inorganic (mineral) substances in the form of both ions and colloids. The degree of mineralization is expressed in g / l or mg / l (sometimes in g / kg) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Water saturation is inorganic. (mineral) substances in it in the form of ions and colloids; the total amount of inorganic salts contained mainly in fresh water, the degree of mineralization is usually expressed in mg / l or g / l (sometimes in g / kg) ... Ecological DictionaryEncyclopedia of terms, definitions and explanations of building materials
Mineralization of water - 22. Mineralization of water The total concentration of anions, cations and undissociated inorganic substances dissolved in water, expressed in g · dm 3
By total mineralization is meant the sum of the particles dissolved in water. Salts have the maximum solubility, which, under the action of water molecules, decompose into ions (dissociate).
The indicator of total mineralization of water displays the content of salts in it, among which the most represented are compounds of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and residues of hydrochloric, carbonic, sulfuric acids.
Where is it used?
The amount of total mineralization is used constantly and everywhere to characterize the composition of water. Its taste, physiological properties depend on the total concentration of dissolved salts. On this, in particular, the effect of healing waters at balneological resorts is based. In everyday practice, the indicator reflects the characteristics of the water of each region, the degree of natural purity, and cleaning efficiency.
The total mineralization of wastewater is a value that informs about the efficiency of treatment facilities at enterprises.
For pre-packaged water of the first category, the standard value is 1000 mg / l. In bottled water of the highest category, the value of the total concentration of dissolved salts should be lower: from 200 mg / l to 500 mg / l.
In SanPiN, as well as in some other sources, the terms "total mineralization" and "dry residue" are considered synonyms. Strictly speaking, this is not entirely legitimate. The method for determining the dry residue is based on evaporation of the solvent. When heated, bicarbonate is destroyed with the release of carbon dioxide, turns into a carbonate anion. Therefore, there is always a slight difference between the indicators of total mineralization and the amount of solids.
Total mineralization is calculated by folding all the ion concentrations obtained by standard analyzes according to GOST. The method for determining this indicator is arithmetic. The resulting value will differ from the dry residue by a small amount equal to half the concentration of carbonate anions.
Sometimes they talk about the presence in the indicator of the total concentration of ions of a small amount of organic substances. This is not true. Mineralization index includes compounds of mineral origin. Organic compounds do not belong to those.
Impact on human health
Most consumers like the taste of water containing about 600 mg / l of salts. Affection, habits of people are different. In regions where water has always had an increased or decreased mineralization, taste adaptation takes place. The population considers it quite normal, even tasty. However, concentrations in excess of 1000 mg / L are considered unacceptable by WHO. Indicators of 1200 mg / l cause the presence of bitterness. Most people do not like such water.
When discussing the physiological importance of the salt composition of water, it should be pointed out that from this source no more than 7% of the required mineral substances enter the human body. This way of saturating the body with useful elements is important, but not critical.
Sources of pollution
Mineral components enter the water from the soil, the composition of which is specific for each area. A marked contribution to the increase in salt concentration can be made by poorly treated effluents from industrial enterprises. To fully meet the daily human need for water, it makes sense to purchase bottled products with good taste.
Protect yourself from all risks and use the Aqua Market service.
The well-known expression of nutritionists: “We are what we eat” can be rephrased in relation to water. Our health directly depends on what we drink. Unfortunately, the quality of drinking water is a major concern worldwide. The condition of water supply systems makes it increasingly necessary to resort to the installation of powerful filters or to the use of purchased bottled water. What water do we call mineral? How does water salinity affect human health?
What water can be called mineral?
Ordinary drinking water, which we collect from the tap, or buy in bottles, can also be considered, to some extent, mineral. It also contains salts and various chemical elements in different proportions. Nevertheless, under a certain name it is customary to mean water saturated with useful organic substances in varying degrees of concentration. The main indicator that determines the chemical composition of the main source of life, its suitability for drinking, is the total salinity of the water or, in other words, the dry residue. This is an indicator of the amount of organic substances in one liter of liquid (mg / l).
Sources of Mineralization
Mineralization of water can occur both naturally, and industrial, artificially. In nature, underground rivers take in their composition valuable salts, trace elements and other particles from the rocks through which they pass.
Pure drinking springs, alas, have become a rarity. Humanity is increasingly forced to use special facilities to clean them from contamination with harmful substances. Modern filtration methods can extract usable water from virtually any liquid. As a result of the application of such technologies, it sometimes becomes almost distilled and also harmful for constant use in food. Artificially purified water undergoes repeated mineralization and is filled with the necessary composition in an unnatural way.
The degree of mineralization of water
Water with a dry residue below 1000 mg / l is considered fresh, an indicator of most rivers and lakes. It is this threshold that is considered the highest for drinking water, at this limit a person does not feel discomfort and unpleasant salty or bitter taste. Mineralization of water above 1000 mg / l, in addition to changing its taste, reduces the ability to quench thirst, and sometimes has a harmful effect on the body.
Below 100 mg / l - a low degree of mineralization. Such water has an unpleasant taste, causes metabolic disturbances during prolonged use.
Balneological scientists have deduced the optimal indicator of saturation with organic substances - from 300 to 500 mg / l. A dry residue of 500 to 100 mg / l is considered elevated, but acceptable.
Consumer properties of water
According to their consumer properties, water should be divided into suitable for daily use, and that which is used for therapeutic purposes.
- Artificially purified water of all substances is suitable for drinking and cooking. It will not bring much harm, except that it will not bring absolutely any benefit. Those who, fearing infections, consume only such a liquid, run the risk of getting a deficiency of healthy salts and minerals. They will have to be replenished artificially.
- Table water is the most favorable for daily use, purified from dirt and harmful impurities and moderately saturated with everything necessary.
- The medicinal-table waters already differ by the prefix “medicinally”. Take them as a medicine or for prevention. That is, you can drink them all, but moderately and not constantly, but you can’t use them for cooking.
- Purely healing mineral waters are usually taken only as prescribed by a doctor, in most cases as a procedure at a balneological resort. High mineralization of water makes its use unacceptable in a wide range.
Water classification by composition
In the society of minerals, it is customary to call medical and medicinal-canteen dissolved in them organic substances, minerals and gases is significantly different and depends on the location of the source. The main characteristic of water is its ionic composition, the general list of which includes about 50 different ions. The main mineralization of water is represented by six basic elements: potassium, calcium, sodium and magnesium cations; chloride, sulfate and bicarbonate anions. According to the predominance of certain elements, mineral waters are divided into three large main groups: hydrocarbonate, sulfate and chloride.
In most cases, in its pure form, a separate group of water is rarely represented in nature. Most often, mixed sources are found: chloride-sulfate, sulfate-hydrocarbonate, etc. In turn, the groups are divided into classes according to the predominance of certain ions. There are calcium, magnesium or mixed waters.
Just drink and be healthy
Mineralization of water is widely used for medical purposes, both for internal use and for external use, in the form of bathtubs and other water procedures.
- Hydrocarbonate water is used for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the digestive system associated with high acidity. They help get rid of heartburn, cleanse the body of sand and stones.
- Sulfates also stabilize the intestines. The main area of \u200b\u200btheir influence is the liver, bile ducts. They recommend treatment with such waters for diabetes, obesity, hepatitis, obstruction of the biliary tract.
- The presence of chlorides eliminates disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, stabilizes the functioning of the stomach and pancreas.
High mineralization can also cause noticeable damage to health if applied incorrectly. A person with digestive and metabolic problems should take these natural medicines as prescribed and under the supervision of medical staff.
Mineralization, total salinity (TDS)
- Most rivers have mineralization from several tens of milligrams per liter to several hundred. Their electrical conductivity varies from 30 μSim / cm to 1500 μSim / cm.
- The mineralization of groundwater and salt lakes varies in the range from 40-50 mg / dm 3 to 650 g / kg (the density in this case is already significantly different from unity).
- The electrical conductivity of precipitation (with a salinity of 3 to 60 mg / dm 3) is 20-120 μSim / cm.
Many industries, agriculture, and drinking water supply enterprises have certain requirements for water quality, in particular, for mineralization, since waters containing a large amount of salts adversely affect plant and animal organisms, production technology and product quality, causing scale formation on the walls boilers, corrosion, soil salinization.
Classification of natural waters by mineralization.
In accordance with hygienic requirements for the quality of drinking water, the total salinity should not exceed 1000 mg / dm 3. By agreement with the authorities of Rospotrebnadzor, for a water supply system supplying water without appropriate treatment (for example, from artesian wells), an increase in mineralization to 1500 mg / dm 3 is allowed).
Electrical conductivity of water
Electrical conductivity is a numerical expression of the ability of an aqueous solution to conduct electric current. The electrical conductivity of natural water depends mainly on the concentration of dissolved mineral salts and temperature. Natural waters are mainly solutions of mixtures of strong electrolytes. The mineral part of the water is made up of Na +, K +, Ca 2+, Cl -, SO 4 2-, and HCO 3 - ions. These ions determine the electrical conductivity of natural waters. The presence of other ions, for example, Fe 3+, Fe 2+, Mn 2+, Al 3+, NO 3 -, HPO 4 2-, H 2 PO 4 - does not significantly affect the conductivity if these ions are not contained in water in significant quantities (for example, lower than releases of industrial or domestic wastewater). By the values \u200b\u200bof the electrical conductivity of natural water, one can approximately judge the salinity of water using previously established dependencies. Difficulties in assessing the total content of minerals (mineralization) in electrical conductivity are associated with:
- unequal electrical conductivity of solutions of various salts;
- increasing electrical conductivity with increasing temperature.
The normalized mineralization values \u200b\u200bapproximately correspond to the specific conductivity of 2 mSim / cm (1000 mg / dm 3) and 3 mSim / cm (1500 mg / dm 3) in the case of both chloride (in terms of NaCl) and carbonate (in terms of CaCO 3 ) mineralization. The value of electrical conductivity is an approximate indicator of their total concentration of electrolytes, mainly inorganic, and is used in monitoring programs for the state of the aquatic environment to assess the salinity of water. Electrical conductivity is a convenient total indicator indicator of anthropogenic impact.
Temperature
Water temperature is the result of several simultaneously occurring processes, such as solar radiation, evaporation, heat exchange with the atmosphere, heat transfer by currents, turbulent mixing of water, etc. The annual and daily course of water temperature at the surface and depths is determined by the amount of heat entering the surface, and intensity and depth of mixing. Daily temperature fluctuations can be several degrees and usually penetrate to a shallow depth. In shallow water, the amplitude of fluctuations in water temperature is close to the difference in air temperature. The requirements for the water quality of reservoirs used for swimming, sports and recreation indicate that the summer temperature of the water as a result of wastewater discharge should not increase by more than 3 ° C compared with the average monthly temperature of the hottest month of the year over the past 10 years. In fishery reservoirs, the temperature of the water is allowed to increase as a result of the discharge of wastewater by no more than 5 ° C compared to the natural temperature. Water temperature is the most important factor affecting the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological processes occurring in a water body, on which the oxygen regime and the intensity of self-cleaning processes depend to a large extent. The temperature values \u200b\u200bare used to calculate the degree of saturation of water with oxygen, various forms of alkalinity, the state of the calcium-carbonate system, in many hydrochemical, hydrobiological, especially limnological studies, in the study of thermal pollution.
