The meaning of de valera in a large encyclopedic dictionary. The fruits of the Easter rebellion
De valera
Eamon de Valera (1882-1975), son of a Spaniard and Irish, was born in the USA. In 1916, he took part in anti-British uprisings and commanded one of the combat units during Easter Week. Perhaps, American origin saved him from execution. Be that as it may, he survived and became the most famous politician of independent Ireland.
De Valera, Leader of the Sinn Fein Movement
In 1917, using Collins' well-oiled political machine, de Valera won the famous by-elections in East Clare. He prudently enlisted the support of the Catholic Church, stating that his program was aimed at "religion and patriotism." After that, de Valera became the leader of the united republican movement, still called Sinn Fein, but it included the IRB, Irish pre-war volunteers and Griffith's original Sinn Fein. By the end of 1917, Sinn Fein had approximately 250,000 members in 1,250 clubs throughout Ireland.
The future of the old nationalist party seemed vague (Republicans even claimed to be Parnell's real heirs), but it still enjoyed local support. In Waterford, for example, Redmond's son opposed the members of the Sinn Fein when his father died and, despite the ostentatious wearing of a British army uniform, fought with them. Nevertheless, the departure from the old party of homrul was irreversible.
DE VALERA, IMON(De Valera, Eamon) (1882-1975), Prime Minister of Ireland. Born October 14, 1882 in New York. His father died when Imon was three years old, his mother, who emigrated from Ireland in 1879, introduced her son to the right to own a house near Brewry in Limerick County. De Valera grew up in an Irish and mostly rural environment. He was educated at Blackrock College and the University of Dublin. After graduation, he taught mathematics.
On the eve of World War I, De Valera led an armed group that took part in the failed Easter uprising of 1916 in Dublin. De Valera was the only surviving leader of the uprising, and the British authorities sentenced him to life imprisonment. In 1917, he was released under an amnesty, and in 1918 he was elected president of the Shin Fein Party (“We Myself”), which advocated the slogan of non-violent resistance to oppressors. In 1918, De Valera was again imprisoned, but fled and moved to the United States.
In 1919–1922, as a member of the Doyle (lower house of the Irish parliament), he led the opposition to the Anglo-Irish agreement on the creation of the Irish Free State (the treaty was signed on December 6, 1921). In 1922, he left the chamber in protest against the recognition of dominion status as Ireland, was again arrested and imprisoned, and was released from prison in 1924. In 1927 he returned to the Doyle ranks as the opposition leader at the head of the party Fianna file created by him in 1926 (Soldiers fate ”), the main political demand of which was the reunification of the country with the northeastern part remaining under British rule and the complete independence of the Republic of Ireland. In January 1932, the Fianna File party won the parliamentary elections and took power. In 1932–1948, De Valera was Prime Minister of the Irish Government and Minister of Foreign Affairs. In 1937, De Valera achieved the adoption of a new constitution, proclaiming the "sovereign, independent democratic state of Eyre" (Eyre - the ancient name of Ireland). De Valera hoped to achieve reunification of both parts of the country by peaceful means. On this issue, the government sharply diverged from the leadership of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). In 1939, De Valera condemned the terrorist activities of the IRA.
During World War II, De Valera pursued a policy of neutrality and refused to place Irish military bases at the disposal of Great Britain. In 1948, De Valera and Fianna file lost most of their former popularity. In February 1948, De Valera ceded his post to J. Costello, in which the Republic of Ireland withdrew from the Commonwealth (1949). De Valera refrained from such a move, hoping to establish an alliance between Ireland and Northern Ireland.
After the 1951 election, De Valera again took up the post of prime minister, but in May 1954 was forced to cede him to Costello. For the third time, De Valera became Prime Minister in 1957 when he was 74 years old. In 1959, De Valera won the presidential election, in 1966 he was re-elected to this post, in 1973 he resigned.
DE VALERA
(De Valera) Imon (1882-1975)
president of Ireland in 1959-73, head of government in 1932-48, 1951-54, 1957-59. One of the leaders of the Irish uprising of 1916. In 1917-26, the leader of the tire manufacturers. In 1926 founded the party Fianna file.
Great Encyclopedic Dictionary. 2012
See also the interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is DE VALERA in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- DE VALERA
(De Valera) Imon (1882-1975), President of Ireland in 1959-73, head of government in 1932-48, 1951-54, 1957-59. One of the leaders of the Irish uprising ... - DE in the Illustrated Encyclopedia of Weapons:
LUX - American six-shot revolver 45 ... - VALERA in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
(Don Juan Valera) - an outstanding modern Spanish writer, a member of the Royal Academy and statesman; born in 1828 in the province of Cordoba. ... - DE in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- DE
(DES ...) (Latin de ... French de ..., des ...), a prefix meaning: 1) absence, cancellation, elimination of something (for example, demobilization, degassing, disorientation) 2) movement way down, … - DE ... in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
before the vowel DES ... The prefix in foreign words, meaning: 1) destruction, removal, eg: deratization, deportation, disinsection; 2) the opposite action, for example: to release, ... - DE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, particle (simple.). The same as they say. .., console. Forms verbs and nouns with meaning. absence or opposite, e.g. two-ideologization, ... - DE
HAAZA - VAN ALPHENA EFFECT oscillating the dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of metals and semimetals on the strength of the applied magn. field N. Observed ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
FRIZ (De Fries) Hugo (1848-1935), Netherlands. nerd, one of the founders of the doctrine of variability and evolution, in. h.-k. RAS (1924), in. ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
FRIZ, Frieze (de Vries) Martin Geritson (17th c.), Gaull. navigator. In 1643-44 explored east. the coast of the Honshu Islands and ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Forest L., see Forest L. ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
FILIPPO (De Filippo) (current Fam. Passarelli, Passarelli) Eduardo (1900-84), Italian. playwright, director, actor. Creativity is associated with neorealism. The plays are social ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
THAM (De Tham) (Hoang Hoa Tham, Hoang Noah Tham) (c. 1857-1913), head of armament. appearances against the French. colonialists in the North. Vietnam ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
TU J., see Tu ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary.
- DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
SANTIS (De Santis) Giuseppe (1917-97), Italian. filmmaker. One of the founders of neorealism. Member Dv. Comp. F .: "Tragic hunt" (1947), "There is no peace ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
STANTIS (De Sanctis) Francesco (1817-1883), Italian. historian of literature, critic and societies. figure, one of the ideologists of Risorgimento; adjoined to ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
SABATA (De Sabata) Victor (1892-1967), Italian. conductor, composer. In 1927-57, conductor of La Scala. He performed in many. countries. One of … - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Quincy, De Quincey Thomas (1785-1859) writer. Autobiogr. pov. "Confession of an Englishman, a smoker of opium" (1822) with a description of the feelings of a visionary. ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
KRAIF, de Kruif (de Kruif) Paul (1890-1971), Amer. writer. One of the creators of scientific and fiction (Prince. "Microbial Hunters", 1926; ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
HOLLE S., see Gaulle S. ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ЃASPERI (De Gasperi) Alcide (1881-1954), leader of Italy. Christ Democrat party (since 1944). De G.'s activity means. least provided the party ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
BROIL L., see Brogl L. ... - DE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
BARI G.A., see Bari ... - VALERA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
VALERA (Valera y Alcala Galiano) Juan (1824-1905), Spanish. writer. Psycho., Realistic. rum. Pepita Jimenez (1874), Donja Luce (1879), Illusions ... - VALERA
(don Juan Valera)? prominent contemporary Spanish writer, member of the Royal Academy and statesman; born in 1828 in the province ... - -YES in the Russian Language Dictionary Lopatin:
- -YES in the Spelling Dictionary:
-de, particle - with the previous word is written through a hyphen: `he-de, ... - DE in the Dahl Dictionary:
a particle meaning the introductory words of another, the transfer of other people's words; say, disk, they say, ml. He says, I’m not going to de, at least de that ho ... - VALERA in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
Juan (1824-1905), Spanish writer. Psychological, realistic novels “Pepita Jimenez” (1874), “Donja Luce” (1879), “Illusions of Dr. Faustino” (1875). ... - DE in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language of Ushakov:
particle (colloquial.). Cons. when transmitting someone else's speech in the mean. say, they say. - You de with the master, he says, are scammers ... We de, he says, sort of ... - DE VALERA IMON in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
Valera (De Valera) Imon (b. 10/14/1882, New York), Irish politician and statesman. He was one of the leaders of the Irish uprising of 1916. In ... - SPANISH LITERATURE in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron:
? arises, along with the Spanish language (see) in the XII century; during the time of the Romans and Visigoths in I. they wrote in Latin. All ... - IRELAND REPUBLIC: HISTORY - B. GOVERNMENT DE VALERA in the Collier Dictionary:
To the article IRELAND REPUBLIC: HISTORY Imon de Valera, who did not accept the formation of the Irish Free State in 1922, became Prime Minister in 1932. ... - DE VALERA, IMON in the Collier Dictionary:
(De Valera, Eamon) (1882-1975), statesman of Ireland. Born October 14, 1882 in New York. Hispanic father died when Eamon was three years old ... - PROFESSIONAL (FILM) on the Wiki Quote:
Data: 2009-05-26 Time: 13:22:26 * -You probably already understood from the telegram: the containment centers refused. My madness is irreversible (Beaumont with Alice) * -First of all ... - COLORIT in the Glossary of Terms of Fine Arts:
- (from Latin color - color, paint) in art (mainly in painting) a system of correlations of color tones, forming a certain unity and ... - VALERIA (LATIN.) in Name Values:
strong, healthy derivatives - Valera, Lera, Lerunya, Lerusya, Lerukha, Lerusha, Leka, Valya, Valek, Walesh, Valyunya, Valyusya, Valyukha, Valyusha, Vaka, ... - VALERY (LATIN.) in Name Values:
strong, healthy colloquial - Valera derivatives - Valera, Lera, Lerunya, Lerusa, Lerukha, Leorush, Valya, Valesha, Valyunya, Valyusya, Valyuha, Valyusha, ... - VALERIAN (LATIN.) in Name Values:
from the Valery family, colloquial belonging to Valery - Valeryan and Valery derivatives - Valera, Lera, Lerunya, Lerusya, Lerukha, Lerusha, Valya, Valyunya ... - 1966.06.02
Eamon de VALERA is re-elected President of the Irish ... - 1959.06.17 in the Pages of History What, where, when:
Irish Prime Minister Eamon de Valera resigns to take over as president (replacing Sean O "KELLY, he ... - 1957.03.20 in the Pages of History What, where, when:
75-year-old Imon de VALERA becomes Prime Minister again ... - 1953.07.02 in the Pages of History What, where, when:
In the Republic of Ireland, after the party lost Fianna, the parliamentary majority file, Imon de VALERA, raises the question of trusting his government ... - 1951.06.13 in the Pages of History What, where, when:
Following the parliamentary elections in the Republic of Ireland, the lower house of parliament does not re-elect Prime Minister John COSTELLO for a new term. Eamon de ... - 1945.10.19 in the Pages of History What, where, when:
The Prime Minister of Ireland de VALERA issues an order to punish 4 thousand people who served in the Irish army and "deserted" during the Second ... - 1937.07.01 in the Pages of History What, where, when:
In Ireland, a deadlock arises as a result of parliamentary elections, but Imon de Valera is again appointed Prime Minister (Fianna file receives 69 ... - 1927.08.12 in the Pages of History What, where, when:
In the Irish Free State, after passing a law requiring election candidates to take the oath that they should ... - 1926.05.16 in the Pages of History What, where, when:
In the Irish Free State, Imon de VALERA creates the organization Fianna file (Soldiers of Fate), which leads to a split in the ranks of the opponents ...
DE VALERA, Imon
(b. 1882) - Prime Minister Eyre, a prominent Irish nationalist. In 1914, he joined the nationalist movement of the shinfeiners, which he soon headed. He was one of the leaders of the anti-English uprising of 1916 in Dublin. He was repeatedly arrested by the British authorities.
In January 1919, the bus deputies elected to the English parliament refused to go to London and organized the "Parliament of the Republic of Ireland" in Dublin, whose president D. was elected. This parliament declared independence of Ireland and called on "all free countries of the world" to recognize the Republic of Ireland.
In 1919-20, D. was in the United States, where he conducted a major campaign in defense of the Republic of Ireland. At the end of 1920 he returned to Ireland.
In July 1921, D. negotiated with Lloyd George, as a result of which it was decided to convene a conference of representatives of the Irish Republicans and the British government. The conference ended 6. XP signing anglo-Irish Treaty 1921(cm.). D. under pressure from the left wing of his party refused to recognize the treaty, because he gave Ireland only the status of dominion. D. led the opposition to the government of the Free Irish State, created on the basis of this treaty, demanding complete independence of the country. In 1927, abandoning the revolutionary methods of struggle, he entered the Parliament of the Free Irish State.
Since 1932 (after winning the election), D. became head of government and foreign minister of the Free Irish State. He canceled the oath to the English king, ceased land payments to England, sharply increased duties on English goods, which led to the Anglo-Irish customs war.
In December 1937, according to the constitution developed under the leadership of D., Ireland was declared a unilateral act by an unilateral act - Eyre. Since the establishment of Eire D. - Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs.
In 1932, D. was chairman of the Council of the League of Nations, and in 1933 and 1938 chairman of its Assembly. In the League and beyond, D. stubbornly supported the policy of appeasing aggressors and was one of the most active supporters of “non-intervention” during the intervention of fascist powers in Spain (1936–39). On this basis, a rapprochement occurred between D. and the English Prime Minister. I. Chamberlain(cm.). D. and Chamberlain ended the Anglo-Irish Customs War and in 1938 entered into an agreement under which Air bases, previously held by the English Admiralty, were transferred to Air.
During World War II, the D. government declared neutrality. In March 1944, D. refused to comply with the US demand for the removal of axial diplomatic representatives from Eire and did not impede the conversion of the missions of Germany, Italy and Japan to Dublin into spy centers against the allies.
Diplomatic dictionary. - M .: State publishing house of political literature. A. Ya. Vyshinsky, S.A. Lozovsky. 1948 .
See what is "DE VALERA, Imon" in other dictionaries:
Wikipedia has articles about other people with that last name, see Valera (last name). Eamon de Valera / Éamonn de Bhailéara ... Wikipedia
Eamon de Valera / Éamonn de Bhailéara 3rd President of Ireland ... Wikipedia
Eamon de Valera / Éamonn de Bhailéara 3rd President of Ireland ... Wikipedia
- (De Valera) (1882 1975), President of Ireland in 1959 73, head of government in 1932 48, 1951 54, 1957 59. One of the leaders of the Irish uprising of 1916. In 1917, 26 were the leaders of the shinfeiners. In 1926 founded the party Fianna file. * * * DE VALERA Imon DE ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
De Valera Imon - (de Valera, Eamon) (1882 1975), ir land. state figure, president of Ireland (1959 73). Devoted himself to the struggle for the independence of Ireland from Great Britain. For participating in the Easter Uprising of 1916. was arrested and escaped execution only because of his ... ... The World History
- (De Valera, Eamon) (1882 1975), statesman of Ireland. Born October 14, 1882 in New York. The Spaniard father died when Imon was three years old, the mother, who emigrated from Ireland in 1879, introduced her son to the right to own a house near Brewry in the county ... ... Collier Encyclopedia
DE VALERA (De Valera) Eamon (1882 1975) President of Ireland in 1959 73, head of government in 1932 48, 1951 54, 1957 59. One of the leaders of the Irish uprising of 1916. In 1917, 26 leader of the shinefeyner. In 1926 he founded the party Fianna file ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
De Valera Imon (b. 10/14/1882, New York), Irish politician and statesman. He was one of the leaders of the Irish uprising of 1916. In 1917 he led the Shin Fein party (see Shinfeinery) and the patriotic military ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Valera last name Blas Valera Imon de Valera (1882 1975) 3rd President of Ireland Juan Valera and Alcalá Galiano (1824 1905) Spanish writer Juan Valera Espin (b. 1984) Spanish footballer See also full list of existing ... Wikipedia
An indomitable and uncompromising fighter, ready to sacrifice anyone and anything for the sake of the freedom of Ireland. A person with whom it was almost impossible to negotiate because of his stubbornness. One of the ideologists of the Irish Republican Army, responsible for dozens of bloody attacks. All this is the third president of Ireland, Eamon de Valera, whom even his political opponents recognize as the true father of the independence of this country.
One of the most prominent Irish politicians of the 20th century, Eamon de Valera was not born on the Emerald Isle, as Ireland is called. And his surname does not resemble Irish. The fact is that the name came to him from his Spanish father. And Imon was born on October 14, 1882 in New York. But already at the age of two years he crossed the ocean and was brought up in the family of his uncle Ned. From his mother - a purebred Irish - he got a stubborn and explosive character that made the boy in any case claim leadership and fight for his position to the last.
The fruits of the Easter rebellion
For the first time, the name de Valera became widely known in 1916, when Ireland was shocked by the famous Easter Uprising. By this time, the protracted debate over whether Ireland should have the right to self-government had reached an impasse. Neither the British government nor the Irish patriots were ready to make mutual concessions. In addition, Ireland itself was split - the inhabitants of the six counties of Ulster (the northern province of the island) strongly opposed independence. The political divisions were aggravated by religious contradictions - the Ulsterians were Protestants, the majority of the Irish were conservative Catholics. Against this background, in April 1916, the Easter revolt broke out. Historians still have not figured out all the nuances of those events. It is only clear that the uprising was surprisingly poorly organized and coordinated. Its organizers sought to take advantage of the difficulties of Britain, bogged down in the First World War, and achieve the long-awaited independence for their homeland. At the same time, some of the leaders considered the rebellion premature, while others promoted a completely wild idea to invite the Prussian prince Joachim to the throne of the king of Ireland. Ordinary Irish at the same time did not support the rebels. In wartime, life wasn’t sugar anyway, and street fighting in Dublin didn’t make it any better.
It is not surprising that in this state of affairs the uprising was crushed for six days. Several hundred people died (civilians who did not take part in the uprising, but simply fell into the battle zone between the rebels and the British army, were most affected. The leaders of the Easter rebellion were arrested. The British authorities decided to act harshly: 16 leaders of the uprising were executed. This caused a wave of sympathy from ordinary Irish. Even those who had previously severely condemned the rebels, now began to consider them martyrs. In the wake of these moods, there was a rise in popularity of de Valera, who commanded one of the detachments during the Easter uprising. Before that, he did not stand out against the general background, but now that all the brightest leaders have been executed, the time has come for new names and faces.
In December 1918, regular elections to the Irish Parliament took place. De Valera at that time was already leading the most powerful party of supporters of independence of Ireland - “Sinn Fein”. Without disdaining rather crude falsifications (some people voted two, three, and even 20 times!), Sinn Fein won the election and won 73 seats in parliament. However, the deputies refused to occupy them and in January 1919 announced the creation of a new state - the Republic of Ireland, led by Imon de Valera. The struggle for the independence of Ireland entered a decisive phase.
For the sake of a "free state"
Britain, of course, did not recognize the Republic of Ireland. Thus began the war of independence, which went on until 1921 and claimed many lives. On the one hand, British troops and police fought in it, on the other, the newly created Irish Republican Army. It was a terrible time for Ireland. Along the roads were flying IRAs, carrying out terrorist attacks, assassinations of British officials and getting involved in endless skirmishes. At the same time, Ireland was flooded with British soldiers and members of “sympathetic” organizations. In fact, mercenaries who fought in the interests of the British crown. Their methods often were no different from IRA methods. Explosions thundered, fires blazed, people perished. The Irish shuddered at any knock on the door - they could have killed for a simple suspicion of cooperation with the IRA or the British authorities (depending on who will pay you a visit).
De Valera was not in the country then. Most likely, this saved him from many black spots in his biography, since no one remained clean during the war for independence. Eamon was in America, where he agreed on financial support for the young republic. He agreed quite successfully - he raised $ 5 million. In 1921, both sides were tired of pouring blood and sat down at the negotiating table. Great Britain was represented by Prime Minister Lloyd George. The main leaders of the Irish at that time were “Tall Man” (de Valera wore such a nickname) and “Big Man” (Michael Collins, who actually led the IRA). The British were ready to recognize Ireland as another dominion of the crown. But this did not suit de Valera, who insisted that Ireland be a republic. He was so stubborn and unshakable that outraged Lloyd George asked him in his hearts: is there the word "republic" in Irish? De Valera immediately replied that the most appropriate word would be saorstat, literally “free state”. Ireland subsequently bore this name until 1937.
In the end, the members of the Irish delegation nevertheless agreed to the Anglo-Irish treaty, according to which the head of the Irish government took the oath of allegiance to the English crown, although in very cautious formulations. Everyone agreed, but not the "Tall Man."
Patriarch of politics
The Irish Civil War of 1922-1923 is considered even more brutal and bloody than the War of Independence. The Irish killed each other with more fierceness than the British. It seemed that the struggle for independence brought the country nothing but grief. But in the end, de Valera ordered the IRA fighters to lay down their arms. Now he has gone headlong into the political struggle. His new party, Fianna File, confidently won the election, but refused to join the parliament. The reason was the need to take the very oath of allegiance to the English king. In 1926, de Valera figured out how to get around this difficulty. He defiantly pushed the Bible aside and simply signed on the list of deputies who had taken the oath. No one argued with this trick - the country needed a full-fledged parliament and a strong leader.
Since 1932, de Valera regularly occupied the chair of the Prime Minister and continued to uphold the independence of Ireland, but now without explosions and shootings. He even started quite tough against former comrades from the IRA. “De Valera came and for some reason / He threw the Patriots into the games,” they sang about this in Irish political verses. The hostility to Britain and everything connected with it remained the main feature of his character. This sometimes led to very ugly oddities. In World War II, Ireland maintained strict neutrality (although it assisted pilots of the Allied forces who made an emergency landing on its territory). But after Hitler's suicide, de Valera paid a visit to the German embassy and expressed condolences. Because of this, Ireland for many years lost the opportunity to receive loans from US banks. Although everyone who knew de Valera said that they were driven not by sympathy for the Nazis, but by the desire to annoy Britain in any little thing.
Gradually, de Valera became the most influential politician and the most respected person in the country. In 1959, he was elected President of Ireland, and in 1966, re-elected to a second term. At the end of his second term, he was almost completely blind, but continued to perform his duties. He left the post only in 1973, being at that time the most elderly head of state in the world. He was 90 years old. Imon de Valera died on August 29, 1975.
