Troop rear. The military rear in the Soviet army. Kuban military anthem
From the history of creation
The rear support of the troops arose with the birth of the armies of slave states. It received its first organizational forms in the army of Ancient Rome, which had special bodies that paid soldiers salaries, supplied them with weapons, clothes, etc. There were special camp workshops for the manufacture and repair of weapons and military equipment. Food was bought from the population or collected as a tribute from the conquered peoples. Small stocks of weapons, food, clothing and shoes were transported behind troops in convoys. For this purpose, pack animals, carts, and vehicles by water allocated by the population at the request of the military leaders were used. Great importance was attached to the construction of roads, bridges, and the search for water sources along the troop movement routes. For the first time, treasurers, quartermasters, people who were in charge of road and fortification work, camps and the deployment of troops appeared in the armies of slave states.
In the 11-15 centuries. there was no centralized provision of troops. In mercenary armies of the 15-17th centuries. mercenaries were required to pay for weapons, equipment, clothing and food. The army was accompanied by merchants (Markitants) in the campaigns, supplying the soldiers with foodstuffs and household items. With the increase in the number of regular armies, greater difficulties arose in providing them with food and forage during wars. In this regard, in the 2nd half of the 17th century. in the French, and then in other European armies, the Store Supply System was adopted, later mobile stores were introduced, which, although state-owned, were not subordinate to the armed forces. With the increase in the number of armies and the development of their organization (18-19 centuries) as a part of units and formations, regular units intended for centralized rear support troops and fleets. Since then T. began to take shape organizationally. with. in its modern understanding. With the appearance in the 2nd half of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. mass armed forces, built on the principles of a cadre army and navy, equipping the troops and forces of the fleet with new military equipment with. becoming more complex and diverse.
In Russia at the beginning of the 18th century with the creation of a regular army, Peter I formed two services: provisioning - to provide troops with food and fodder, and commissariat - to finance, providing clothing, a convoy, and hand weapons. In the shelves there were business units - permanent wagons with stocks of material resources: baking, drying of crackers, meat harvesting, tailoring and repair of uniforms and shoes were carried out. In the 18th century Infirmaries and hospitals were created (See Hospital).
Since the beginning of the 19th century the Ministry of War had commissariat and provision departments, which were part of the Main Quartermaster Directorate formed in 1864. It was entrusted with the functions previously performed by the troops themselves (supplying all types of materiel, organizing tailoring of uniforms, etc.): the posts of quartermaster from the main to the division were established. In 1900, quartermaster courses were created in St. Petersburg (in 1911 they were transformed into the quartermaster's academy). By the beginning of World War I, 1914-18, there were quartermaster offices — the Main, district, serf, corps, and divisional — as administrative bodies and various rear institutions (warehouses, workshops, bakeries, etc.). The composition of the troops included units and units of material, medical, veterinary, and in the navy, in addition, emergency and rescue support.
In the German army, the beginning of the 20th century. army commissaries, food shops at the theater of war (See Theater of War), food mobile shops in trains, on railways and on ships obeyed the chief quartermaster. Army commissar activity was controlled by army, corps, and division commissaries. Other rear armies had a similar rear organization.
The use of tanks, aircraft and automobile transport during the 1st World War required the creation of forces and means of technical, road, engineering, airfield and airfield technical support, and the supply of fuel, tools and other new property. Appearance chemical weapons caused the need to equip troops with protection against toxic substances. The complexity of meeting the needs of multimillion-strong armed forces during the war in a variety of military equipment led to a significant expansion of communications of military forces. with. with the state economy.
The rear of the Soviet Armed Forces was created simultaneously with the formation of units of the Red Army and Navy. In 1918, the Central Procurement Office was organized. The first detachments of the Red Army did not have full-time rear units, material resources were received from local Soviets and military commissariats, which were in charge of the warehouses of the former tsarist army. From 1918, the supply of troops with material resources was controlled by the chief of the supply of the relevant front, army, division, brigade, to which various services were subordinate. Important measures for the organization of T. century with. were adopted as a result of the Military Reform of 1924-25 (See Military reform 1924-25); material support is concentrated in a single body - the Office of the Head of Procurement of the Red Army; established the relationship of organs T. century with. with national economic authorities; the supply scheme was adopted - center - district - part; reorganized military rear support agencies. As the national economy and the technical re-equipment of the armed forces developed, units and subunits appeared that performed the functions of supplying aviation, armored vehicles, motor vehicles and equipment, fuel, etc. In March 1941, by decision of the CPSU Central Committee and the Soviet government, the leadership of the Main Quartermaster Office, the Sanitary, Veterinary Directorates Red Army, the department of material funds was assigned to the Deputy Commissar of Defense Marshal Soviet Union CM. Budyonny.
To the beginning of the Great World War II 1941-45 T.V. With., in addition to the rear units, units and institutions that were part of the units, formations and associations of the armed forces and branches of the armed forces, also had bases and warehouses with stocks of materiel, automobile, rail, road, evacuation, repair, engineering aerodrome, aviation-technical, medical, veterinary and other rear units and institutions of central subordination. The Decree of the State Defense Committee on August 1, 1941 introduced a centralized management system for T. v. p.: The Main Directorate of Logistics of the Red Army and the Logistics Directorate in the fronts and armies were created, and the posts of the Chief of Logistics of the Red Army and the Logistics Chief of the fronts and armies were established. As part of the Main Directorate of Logistics, the Headquarters of the Heads of Logistics was formed, and in the directorates of the Heads of Logistics of the fronts and armies, organizational and planning departments were formed. In the center and associations there were, in addition, directorates (departments) of military communications, the road service and an inspection of the chief of rear services. The Chief of Quartermaster’s Directorate, the Fuel Supply Directorate, the Main Military Sanitary and Veterinary Directorates were also subordinate to the rear services head of the Red Army; the corresponding directorates and departments were subordinate to the chiefs of logistics of fronts and armies. On August 19, 1941, the post of chief of the rear of the Air Force was introduced; in May 1942, the head of the rear of the Navy; At the same time, the posts of chiefs of logistics in the corps and divisions were established. The rear commanders were endowed with the rights: in the center, respectively, the deputy people's commissar of defense and the Navy, and in associations and formations, deputy commanders (commanders). They were responsible for the rear arrangement, transportation of all types of materiel, evacuation and provision of troops for subordinate services; The rear chief of the Red Army was also responsible for transporting all types of reinforcements to the fronts. During the war, stationary warehouses were replaced by field warehouses in the fronts, field army bases were created in the armies. In January 1943, the Main Automobile Directorate was formed, and in June the Main Road Directorate. In June 1943 the Main Directorate of Logistics of the Red Army was abolished; its headquarters, directorates, and departments were directly subordinate to the chief of rear services. Then it was adopted new system transportation - “on my own”, according to which the responsibility for the delivery of materiel from supply stations (army depots) to the troops (at divisional exchange points) rested with the army rear commanders, and for the transportation from divisional to regimental warehouses - with the chiefs of rear divisions.
During the war years T. century with. received over 10 million tons of ammunition, over 16 million tons of fuel from the national economy of the country, provided storage and transportation to the troops and fleet forces, a large number weapons, equipment, food and other materiel. Only by road transport 145 million tons of supplies were transported. Military rail transport exceeded 19 million wagons. About 100 thousand km of roads were built and restored by the road service. About 120 thousand km of railway tracks were restored and reshaped by the forces of the railway troops and special forces. Over 6 thousand airdromes have been equipped for aviation. After treatment, the medical service returned to service over 72% of the wounded and about 91% of the patients. The personnel of the army and navy received full nutrition. All the most important issues of logistic support of the armed forces were decided by the GKO through the General Staff, the head of the rear of the Red Army and the heads of other central government bodies. The centralization of rear management made it possible to efficiently and economically use the available forces and means. Feats of Warriors T.V. with. during the Great Patriotic War, highly valued by the party and government: 52 of them were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and more than 30 - Heroes of Socialist Labor, many tens of thousands were awarded orders and medals; a large number of rear units and institutions were awarded orders, awarded the title of guards and received honorary titles.
After the war, the restructuring of the organizational structure and the technical re-equipment of T. c. with. With the formation of new types of armed forces, their rear was simultaneously created. The full motorization of all links T. century pp., created new units and institutions for various purposes. In June 1958, the post of Deputy Minister of Defense - Head of Logistics of the Ministry of Defense was established, which since 1962 has been called the Deputy Minister of Defense - Chief of Logistics Armed Forces; in associations, formations and units, the post of chief of logistics was transformed into the position of deputy commander (commander) for logistics. T. v. with. headed by: lieutenant general (later army general) A.V. Khrulyov (August 1941 - January 1951), Colonel General V.I. Vinogradov (January 1951 - June 1958), Marshal of the Soviet Union I.Kh. Baghramyan (June 1958 - April 1968), Army General S.S. Maryakhin (April 1968 - June 1972). Since July 1972 T. century with. led by Army General S.K. Kurkotkin.
The modern rear of the Soviet Armed Forces includes: arsenals, bases and warehouses with stocks of material resources; special forces - automobile, railway, road and pipeline; auxiliary fleet; parts, institutions and subdivisions - engineering-aerodrome, aviation-technical, emergency-rescue, evacuation, repair, construction, medical, veterinary, etc. To ensure the activities of T. v. with. it may also include units and subunits engineering troops, communications troops, air defense and security. The scale and nature of the tasks performed T. century. with. divided into strategic, operational and military rear; by affiliation - to the rear of the center, district, navy, front-line, army, flotillas, aviation fleets, corps, naval bases, divisional, brigade, regimental, naval, and battalion. The strategic rear includes the rear of the center (arsenals, bases and warehouses with stocks of materiel, parts of special rear troops and other rear units and institutions that are in the direct direct possession of the Ministry of Defense and commanders of the armed forces). The operational rear consists of bases and warehouses with stocks of materiel, parts of special rear forces and other rear units and institutions that are part of all types of armed forces. The troop rear is formed by warehouses with stocks of materiel, motor vehicles, repair, medical and other units and units intended for the direct rear support of formations, units, ships and units. Each military unit, unit (ship) and unit has its own rear, the composition of which is determined by the states. For example, the rear of a motorized rifle battalion consists of a supply platoon, a repair shop and a battalion medical center. Having the necessary road transport, he is able to follow the battalion in the conduct of military operations or on the march and perform its tasks in any situation.
The rear of the Armed Forces - these are forces and means that carry out the rear and technical support army and navy in peace and war.
The rear is an integral part of the armed forces; the totality of military units, institutions and units engaged in the transport of material resources, material, transport, technical, engineering-aerodrome, aerodrome-technical, medical, veterinary, commercial, residential, operational, financial, and in the Navy, in addition, emergency rescue support.
- The rear consists of various units, institutions and units necessary to perform the following main tasks:
- constantly maintain stocks of materiel and provide troops with them;
- carry out preparation, operation, technical cover and restoration of communication lines and vehicles;
- provide military transport of all kinds;
- restore military equipment and property;
- create conditions for basing aviation and fleet forces;
- provide medical care to the wounded and sick;
- to carry out anti-epidemic, medical and preventive, sanitary-hygienic and veterinary measures;
- carry out commercial, household, apartment-operational and financial support;
- assist troops in restoring their combat effectiveness and eliminating the consequences of enemy attacks.
To accomplish these tasks, it has bases and warehouses with stocks of materiel for various purposes, special troops (automobile, road, pipeline, etc.), auxiliary fleet, engineering-airfield, aviation-technical, repair, medical, veterinary and other units, units and institutions.
The rear of the Armed Forces is designed to provide the Armed Forces with all types of materiel and maintenance of their stocks, to prepare and operate communications, to ensure military transport, to repair weapons and military equipmentproviding medical care to the wounded and sick, conducting sanitary-hygienic and veterinary measures and performing a number of other tasks of logistical support. The rear of the Armed Forces includes arsenals, bases, warehouses with stocks of material resources. It has special troops (automobile, railway, road, pipeline, engineering-aerodrome and others), as well as repair, medical, rear guard and other units and units.
- The rear of the Armed Forces Russian Federation (Russian Armed Forces) includes:
- Central Office of Military Communications of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Automobile and Road Administration of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Central Administration of Rocket Fuel and Fuel of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Central Food Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Central Clothing Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Fire and Rescue and Local Defense Service of the Armed Forces of Russia
- Veterinary Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of Russia
- Department of Environmental Security of the Armed Forces of Russia
- General Directorate of Trade of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Leisure Activities Department of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Department of Agriculture of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
- Military Scientific Committee of the Rear Services of the Armed Forces of Russia
- Secretariat of the Chief of Logistics of the Armed Forces of Russia
- HR Department of the Rear Armed Forces of Russia
- Department of Military Education of the Rear Services of the Armed Forces of Russia
- The rear of the Russian Armed Forces
- Air Force Rear
- Rear of the Navy
- The rear of the KV (December 1, 2011 on their basis formed the Aerospace Defense Forces)
- Rear Strategic Rocket Forces
- Rear Airborne
- The rear of military districts (fleets) (groups of troops (flotillas)) of the Russian Armed Forces
- Car troops
- Railway troops of the Armed Forces of Russia
- Russian Armed Forces
- Pipeline troops of the Russian Armed Forces
- Rear Guard Troops of the Armed Forces of Russia
Methodical development
for special training
for VUS-250300; VUS-250400
“Military rear ”
Theme number 4“Fundamentals of organization and types of logistics support”
Lesson number 1 “The main types of logistics”
Educational and educational goals:
to study the types of rear support of troops.
Time: 2 hours
Method of Conduct: lecture
Location:lecture hall
Logistics support:
Posters, stands.
Literature: 1. The textbook "Military economy", chap. 4,5,6.
2. Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 9 dated January 10, 2007. "Rules of wearing military uniform clothes »
3. Manual on the military rear
4. Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 277 of July 8, 2006.
5. Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated November 27, 2006. “On approval of supply standards and categories of material reserves of the armed forces, other types and military units of the Republic of Kazakhstan”
6. Guidance on the accounting of material assets in the army and navy. Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 333 dated October 8, 2003.
7. Instructions on the military (ship) economy of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 1 dated January 5, 2005
8. The charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan
9. Combat charter ground forces. Part II Battalion, company.
EDUCATIONAL MATTERS AND TIME CALCULATION
№__________ Lesson Questions __________________ Time (min)
| I Organization of the lesson | 5 |
|
| II main part | 70 |
|
| Introduction
| ||
| 15 |
|
| 20 |
|
| 20 |
|
| III Conclusion |
Class progress
I Organization of classes
Manager's actions:
take a report from the platoon officer;
check the availability of students, readiness for class, material support;
conduct a quiz on the topic;
announce the topic and purpose of the lesson.
Introduction
The troop rear is organized in accordance with the situation and the decision of the commander for hostilities. The organization of the military rear consists in the preparation, deployment and movement of the rear units (units) for the purpose of timely and uninterrupted, technical medical support for the troops, in the designation and preparation of transportation and evacuation routes, and measures to protect, defend and protect the rear.
Case Study: Logistics Support
Types of logistics are: material, engineering-aerodrome, aerodrome-technical, medical, veterinary, commercial and household, apartment-operational, financial support. Let's consider some of them.
Material support includes the supply of weapons, military and other equipment and various types of material means: missiles, ammunition, rocket fuel, fuel and lubricants, means of protection against weapons of mass destruction, food, medical and others. In all types of combat activities, troops are provided with water.
The needs of the troops in material resources and their security are calculated in the settlement and supply units (RFE): combat complexes, gas stations, daily dachas, kits, exercises.
Combat kitcalled the amount of ammunition installed on a unit of armament (carbine, machine gun, pistol, machine gun, mortar, gun) or combat vehicle (tank, armored personnel carrier, infantry fighting vehicle), and units (subunits) - for all used weapons.
Rocket refuelingis the number of rocket fuel (RT) components needed to refuel one rocket.
Refuelingthe amount of fuel that is set for one machine (tank, armored personnel carrier, infantry fighting vehicle, car, tractor) and the corresponding amount of lubricants, calculated as a percentage of fuel, are called. For tracked vehicles, refueling is determined by the volume of tanks included in their fuel system. For wheeled vehicles, refueling should, as a rule, provide a range of up to 500 km at operating consumption rates. The refueling of a part (connection) is calculated on all available machines within their regular number.
Daily Cottagethe food of one soldier is the amount of food laid down to him according to the norms for food per day. The daily food supply of a unit is calculated on the payroll of the unit, unit.
Kit- a set of accessories (tools, spare parts, items of clothing and other property), compiled according to a specific list and in specified quantities.
Charging– the amount of special substances (solid, liquid, solutions, etc.) that fits in the main containers of special machines and devices.
The need for troops in materiel is determined on the basis of:
instructions of the commander of the unit on the size of inventories of material assets created in the units, units and on their consumption for the acquired period;
data on the combat and numerical strength of the unit;
current security standards.
The mobile stocks of materiel created in the units, as a rule, should ensure the conduct of hostilities for three to five days.
In addition, in the connection, the unit, as a rule, contains additional fuel reserves in containers on military and transport vehicles, and, if necessary, in tanks (containers) in the transport of the connection (parts), as well as food supplies in the form of concentrated products in small-sized packaging and capping, protecting against infection and spoilage.
Moving stocks are divided into consumables and NZ, which is spent, as a rule, with the permission of the regiment commander, and in special cases, urgent, with the permission of the battalion commander.
The “untouchable reserve” consists of: 1-3 daily food supplies held by soldiers and sergeants with machine guns, guns, mortars, and combat vehicles; part of the fuel in the tanks of military and transport vehicles.
To protect against radioactive, poisonous and bacteriological (biological) substances, military units are provided with protective equipment laid down by them on the timesheets to the states. Each sergeant, soldier, officer should always have individual dressing and anti-chemical bags, antidotes, as well as weapons accessories, a pot, a flask, a mug, a spoon, a towel, a second pair of footcloths (socks) and toiletries.
Material assets to troops are released :
from warehouses of associations according to the orders and orders of the relevant supply bodies;
from warehouses of formations and units according to orders and consignment notes by heads of services of units and formations.
assigned units, subunits, if it is not possible to supply them from the warehouses of their units and parts with ammunition, fuel and food, may be provided from the warehouses of the unit, the unit to which they are assigned.
The company commander personally issues monetary allowance to the personnel, and the company sanitary instructor gives medical equipment.
Additional sources of supplying troops with material resources may be blanks from local funds, trophies, as well as suitable assemblies, units and parts removed from decommissioned domestic and irreparable trophy machines.
Procurement from local resources is carried out in parts according to the instructions of the senior chief, procured material resources are checked for contamination; they are taken into account and spent on account of the planned supply of troops according to established standards. Issuance for the supply of prepared food without laboratory testing is not allowed.
The collection of captured weapons, equipment, food and other materiel is carried out by captured teams created by order of unit commanders. If necessary, specialists from services are allocated to the trophy teams.
The work of the trophy teams is led by the deputy commander of the rear.
Troops can use, without the permission of the senior commander, only that trophy weaponry, equipment and property that they captured in battle and which can immediately be turned against the enemy or used to meet the urgent needs of the troops, which commanders report on command.
Trophy weapons, equipment and property that cannot be used by troops are subject to evacuation to the rear.
The satisfaction of prisoners of war when they are in the assembly point of the compound is carried out by order of the deputy unit commander on the rear in accordance with established procedures and norms.
Training issue: military units.
food. Subsidiary farm.
Army food supply is one of the main types of material support for troops. It is directly dependent on their organizational structure, equipment modern weapons and military equipmentperformed by the troops tasks, as well as the state and capabilities of the country's economy.
Food supply troops It is a complex and multifaceted activity of the food service related to the collection, receipt, storage, distribution, bringing to the military units of the material resources of the service, the organization of catering for personnel and bread baking in the troops. It occupies one of the important places in meeting the constantly growing material, cultural and domestic needs of military personnel and has great importance to maintain their health, maintain a high psychological, moral state and combat readiness.
One of main objectives and ultimate goal of food securityis the organization of high-grade and high-quality nutrition of military personnel.
Food security means broad set of activities , conducted by the food service, the main purpose of which is the uninterrupted supply of compounds, units and institutions with food, fodder, equipment and property by the food service and catering for military personnel in accordance with established standards.
This set of measures includes: developing standards for daily allowance of personnel and standards for providing troops with equipment and property, calculating requirements, reclaiming and distributing allocated funds; procurement and storage of food, machinery and property; providing troops with food, equipment and property and the necessary funds for the needs of the service, the organization of repair of equipment and property; organization of high-quality and nutritious nutrition of personnel and military bakery; management of production and repair enterprises of the food service; the organization and management of the training of junior food service specialists and the methodological guidance of the training of officer officers and other activities.
Unlike other types of materiel, food is consumed daily, regardless of what tasks the troops perform: whether they are fighting, are on vacation, or are carrying out training tasks according to combat and special training plans. Therefore, uninterrupted food supply is the most important condition for the combat activity of troops.
This provision determines the role and place of food service in the general system of logistics for troops. The food service is an integral part of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan and is organizationally part of the rear of military units, formations and associations.
The food service manages material and financial resources, gives orders, instructions and explanations to subordinate institutions and troops on food supply issues.
The food service provides troops through their respective institutions and enterprises: food depots and bases, service and equipment repair workshops, military canteens, bakeries, bakeries, military cook schools, military farms, auxiliary agricultural enterprises, military subsidiary (bait) farms parts.
Food provision is carried out according to the scheme : Center (food department of the Logistics Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan) -\u003e regional command -\u003e compound -\u003e military unit -\u003e unit -\u003e military man.
The Food Directorate directs all activities of the army food service. It plans and organizes the provision of troops with food, equipment and property, and the necessary funds for the needs of the service, organizes mobilization training of troops for the service; manages the placement, accumulation and refreshment of food supplies, equipment and property in the regional command, at bases and warehouses; manages the food service of the regional command, production and financial and economic activities of enterprises of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan through the food services of the regional command, directs the activities of directly subordinate institutions and enterprises, as well as military representatives at industrial enterprises.
The Food Directorate is developing: a proposal for the organizational and staffing structure of governing bodies and institutions of the food service, scientifically-based food ration standards, standards for providing troops with equipment and service property, as well as allowances for full-time animals kept in military units; regulations, manuals, instructions and other guidance documents for the service, as well as programs, manuals and guidelines for the training of junior service specialists.
The food service of the regional command is assigned: mobilization training of troops in the service; management of the activities of subordinate institutions, enterprises and food services of military units; control over catering of personnel and military bakery; organization and implementation of control over the correctness and legality of the expenditure of food, equipment and property; organization of accounting and reporting on the service, as well as training of junior food service specialists. In addition, the food service of the regional command monitors the implementation of plans capital construction and repair of food service facilities.
The food supply of the service troops is carried out through subordinate institutions: food bases and warehouses; garrison and training bakeries and bakeries, repair shops for the repair of property services.
In the compound, the food supply of the units is organized by the head of the food service of the compound, in whose subordination there is a food warehouse and a mobile bakery. When the link performs the supply functions, a food warehouse is deployed and operates at the link, and in the absence of the possibility of obtaining bread from local or garrison bakery enterprises, a bakery or a bakery can be deployed. If the link of the supply chain function does not perform, then the food service of the compound only controls the state of the food supply of the units.
In the military unit, direct provision of food and nutrition for personnel is organized.
Military unit food service organizes the receipt of food from compound warehouses, from the bases (warehouses) of supplier enterprises. It creates and maintains stocks of food, equipment and property, providing uninterrupted power to personnel, combat and mobilization readiness of the unit.
The fulfillment of the whole range of tasks of the food service of the military unit is organized by the head of the service, who supervises the work of the food warehouse, canteen, and subsidiary farming.
The food service performs its work in close cooperation with the rear headquarters, with medical, veterinary, clothing, fuel, military communications, automobile, motor transport, engineering, apartment maintenance and other services.
The medical service carries out sanitary and hygienic control of food during receipt, storage and delivery, while organizing catering for personnel and baking bread. If necessary, she conducts a sanitary examination of food and water.
The Veterinary Service carries out veterinary and sanitary examination and laboratory tests of animal products and forage, which are supplied for security and stored in food warehouses, as well as slaughter examination and veterinary control of the slaughter of food animals.
Monitors the sanitary condition of food warehouses, food transport facilities and food storage areas; carries out veterinary services for animals of household farms, monitoring their maintenance, feeding and watering.
The clothing service provides the food service personnel with special clothes, organizes the washing and repair of these clothes.
The fuel and lubricants service provides liquid fuel necessary for the operation of cooking facilities, field bakery and other food service equipment.
The military communications service, at the request of the food service, plans and organizes the transportation of food, equipment and property by rail, water and air.
The automotive service carries out repairs and maintenance of automotive equipment available in the food service, provides tire sets with all automotive equipment on which the food service equipment is mounted.
The road transport service plans and carries out road transport of food, machinery and property.
The engineering service carries out exploration, water production and equipment of water supply points, provides food service establishments with rubberized water storage tanks, mobile power plants and carries out their repair.
The apartment-maintenance service monitors the operation and organizes the repair of buildings and structures at facilities and food service establishments. Organizes water supply, heat supply, electricity and gas supply of food service facilities. Provides military units with digestion boilers with a capacity of more than 100 liters.
In their work, bodies and institutions of the food service are closely based on political bodies that mobilize personnel to fulfill the tasks of the service.
Catering for military personnel is organized in regular canteens of military units, which, depending on the contingent of military personnel and allowance standards, are divided into soldiers, cadets, and officers. Warrant officers, contract servicemen, with the exception of flight personnel, take food in separate rooms of soldiers' canteens.
The proper organization of military nutrition is one of the most important conditions contributing to the preservation and strengthening of health, and the increase in combat and state-legal training of personnel.
Officials of the military unit must constantly take care of the nutrition of the personnel, of providing it with benign, wholesome, tasty and varied food.
The charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan determines that the organization of food is carried out by the commander of the military unit, his deputy for rear services, and the head of the food service.
The head of the canteen of the military unit organizes the work of cooks and other workers in the canteen: it ensures the cleanliness and order of production and auxiliary rooms, the uninterrupted operation of technological and refrigeration equipment, the sound preparation of food and the completeness of its delivery to personnel, the economical use of bread, the correct and accurate serving of lunch tables and high-quality dishwashing.
The number of meals is determined by the diet of the military. Depending on the standards of contentment and the nature of combat training, a three- or four-time meal is set to not exceed 7 hours: breakfast - before the start of classes, lunch - after the end of the main classes, dinner - 2-3 hours before the end of the session. After lunch, at least 30 minutes are not allowed to conduct classes or work.
The daily allowance for three meals a day is distributed by calorie content: for breakfast 30-35%, for lunch 40-45%, for dinner 30-20%.
It is necessary not only to correctly distribute the daily allowance for calories, but also the most appropriate to use products that have different nutritional values.
In the army, food for military personnel is organized from field kitchens to content units with staffing facilities for preparing food in the field (battalion, division, separate company, etc.). units that do not have regular means for cooking, by order of the deputy commander of the military unit on the rear, are affixed to food for content units taking into account the tasks performed and the convenience of obtaining food.
For the preparation of hot food, its distribution, provision of personnel with bread, sugar, tea, tobacco products, matches and drinking water, the battalion food station (BPP) is deployed by the economic department of the battalion’s platoon.
Food storage is organized in accordance with the Storage Guide in specially equipped warehouses and storages.
To obtain additional food for military personnel, milk, meat, lard, tomatoes, radishes, onions and other greens at military units are organized by the decision of the unit commander.
Whenever possible and expedient, it is allowed to keep all types of meat and dairy cattle, rabbits, poultry, as well as orchards and ponds for bringing fish in farms.
Animals are provided with fodder due to food waste, haymaking in permitted places for growing grain fodder, rough and succulent fodder.
The production and financial activities of the kolkhoz farms are carried out on the basis of the annual plan for the development of the kolkhoz economy and the calculation of the monetary fund of the military unit.
The construction and repair of livestock buildings, greenhouses, hotbeds is carried out by forces and means of military units.
The production of bakeries is consumed:
for additional food for military personnel receiving food rations laid by them through the canteens of military units;
for the planned provision of troops.
The accounting of material resources of the near-farms is carried out in the food service of the military unit in accordance with the Manual on the registration of material resources in the military units of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Reporting on the billeting economy is compiled in the forms and submitted within the time limits established by the Reporting table of urgent reports of the rear.
The khakim farm is organized and conducted in accordance with the Instructions for the organization of the khak farm economy of the military unit, approved by the head of the food department of the Logistics Department of the General Staff of the Armed Forces.
3. Educational issue: Military clothing support
Clothing support for troops is organized and carried out in accordance with the "Guidelines for clothing support of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan for peacetime" - Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan –2000, No. 335 and Regulations on clothing support of the army in wartime - Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan - 1998 No. 0300.
The purpose of clothing support is to create conditions for the fulfillment of the tasks of combat and state-legal training of troops, maintaining them in constant combat and mobilization readiness, and also ensuring the fulfillment of tasks by troops for their intended purpose and in various types of military operations.
The tasks of clothing support include:
supplies: uniforms, shoes, underwear, bedding, equipment, warm clothes, special clothing, badges of distinction, sanitary, skiing, sports, climbing equipment, tents, tarpaulins and rugs;
materials for tailoring, repair and dry cleaning of clothing;
forms and books of accounting and reporting on the clothing service;
wind and percussion musical instruments for full-time military bands;
military passing banners;
technical means (mobile workshops for the repair and dry cleaning of clothing, mechanized laundries), as well as equipment, tools, spare parts and equipment for clothing repair workshops and bath-laundry enterprises;
items of convoy property (wagons, harness, saddles and bindweights for transportation of household goods, items for caring for horses, horseshoe property);
3) bath and laundry services for the personnel of military units and provision of personnel for military units, and provision of cleaning materials;
organization and implementation of repair of clothing property and clothing service equipment, dry cleaning of uniforms and special. clothes;
financial planning of expenditures of military units and institutions by articles (specifications).
The rules for providing property assets are determined the number of items dispensed per person (in medical institutions, sanatoriums and dispensaries - per regular staff bed) or per military unit (unit), and the timing of their wear (operation).
Shelf life) is the period of time during which the item must be in use for its intended purpose. The storage time of an item of clothing in warehouses shall not be counted in terms of wear. For seasonal items of clothing property issued for sock (operation), the term of sock (operation) for one season is counted for one year.
Proprietary property issued to personnel is divided into property personal use and inventory.
According to the quality condition, clothing and equipment, equipment for repair shops, bath-laundry enterprises and institutions, musical instruments, tarpaulins and tents are divided into three categories:
Issuance of clothing property is made twice a year:
In order to provide military personnel with military clothing, footwear and equipment of the required size, as well as for the correct application of the established sizes of property in military units (formations), fit issued items, which is preceded by anthropometric measurement of military personnel.
The purpose of the fit is the selection of military clothing, hats, shoes and equipment for each soldier in accordance with the dimensional characteristics of his body and the determination of the actual size and size assortment of property needed to ensure the personnel of this unit. In preparation for the mass dressing of military personnel in a unit (company), based on anthropometric data, company-size lists are compiled in advance.
Military personnel who during the fitting process are unable to pick up individual items of clothing are assigned fitof these items.
Fit is the alteration of clothing aimed at ensuring its proper fit on the figure and giving the soldier an appropriate appearance.
Simple work on remaking clothes, such as changing the buttons, hooks and loops, rearranging the straps on their overcoats and jackets, can be done at the same time as fitting by the military personnel themselves.
Tailors perform more complex alterations of military clothing items.
In order to secure things for personal use and inventory items for a military unit (unit) and personnel, to remove anonymity in the use of clothing property, as well as to determine the time spent in wear (operation), branding of items of clothing.
Brandingsubject to all items of personal property, inventory, as well as pledged to the emergency reserve. Brands can be made of metal, plastic and rubber, solid or with inserted numbers (letters).
The most important task of providing clothing for troops is the bath and laundry service of the personnel of the Armed Forces. The purpose of the bath and laundry service is to maintain the health of servicemen and maintain high combat readiness of the troops.
The tasks of the bath and laundry service are as follows:
organization of a regular weekly bath in the military bath urgent service, as well as liabilities reserve, during the passage of fees, with the obligatory change of underwear, bed linen, towels and footcloths (socks);
washing underwear, bedding, table-kitchen linen, cotton uniforms, footcloths, towels and special clothes;
dry cleaning and tinting of uniforms, blankets and overalls;
disinfection and disinsection of uniforms and bedding;
repair of underwear and bed linen (at laundries);
supply of soap, washing powder, soda ash and other detergents for bath-laundries, sanitary-hygienic and toilet needs, as well as cash to pay for the costs of bath and laundry services;
supply of equipment, spare means for it, inventory and other materials;
management of production and economic activities of bath-and-laundry enterprises, control over their maintenance and work.
4. Educational issue: Housing maintenance.
Housing of military units. Exploitation
barracks housing and communal
facilities. Maintenance of the territory of the military
small towns. Utilities. Security
furniture, barracks, property and
fuel
Military units are housed, as a rule, in military camps, which consist of a barracks zone, a fleet of equipment and weapons, economic, storage and residential areas.
In the barracks area headquarters, educational buildings, barracks, canteens, clubs, gyms, medical centers, consumer service factories, soldier's tea houses and shops, guard rooms, checkpoints, parade grounds and complexes of sports grounds are located; in the fleet of equipment and weapons - control and technical points, refueling points of cars, points of cleaning and washing cars, warehouses of armored vehicles, automobile, artillery and other equipment (garages, awnings, open areas and fences); in the economic zone - workshops, bakeries, baths, laundries, fire stations and other facilities; in the warehouse area - warehouses of food, clothing and other property; in the residential area - residential buildings for accommodation with the families of generals, officers, warrant officers, military personnel - contractors, workers and employees.
The transfer to use parts of the barracks and housing stock, communal facilities and land plots is carried out by the apartment-operational parts (KECh) of the regions and garrisons.
The distribution of buildings, structures and land between units when placing them in one military camp is made by order of the head of the garrison or the commander of the association.
A responsibility for the use of the barracks and housing stock and utilities provided to the units, their proper technical operation, safety, maintenance and fire safety is the responsibility of the unit commander.
Dismantling buildings (structures) is allowed only in case of its natural deterioration or destruction as a result of natural disaster and unsuitability for further operation.
Housing for generals, officers, warrant officers, contract servicemen and family members living with them is provided at the place of service of these servicemen from the housing stock of the Ministry of Defense. The distribution of living space between them is considered by the housing commission of the unit, agreed with the deputy commander of the unit and approved.
The proper organization of the technical operation of the barracks and housing stock and communal facilities should ensure their long-term (at least established service lives) maintenance in order to create the most favorable conditions for maintaining combat readiness, deployment, combat and state-legal training, and satisfying cultural and everyday life , as well as the storage of weapons, military and other equipment, ammunition, fuel and other material means of the unit. This is achieved: by maintaining the barracks and housing stock, communal facilities and the territory of the military camp in full compliance with the requirements of the Internal Service Charter, existing guidelines, rules and standards for the technical operation of buildings and structures; timely and high-quality overhaul and maintenance; clear performance of duties by all workers and employees engaged in the operation; carrying out preventive measures for fire safety; compliance with labor protection rules, safety precautions and industrial sanitation at all military facilities.
The organization of the proper technical operation of the barracks and housing stock of communal facilities, as well as the maintenance of the territories allocated for the quartering of units, is assigned to their commanders and deputy commanders on the rear.
For the timely identification of deficiencies in the operation of the barracks and housing stock, communal facilities and the improvement of the territories of military camps, as well as clarifying the scope of work to eliminate these shortcomings, inspectionsmilitary camps. They are general, partial and extraordinary.
General inspections are carried outtwice a year.
Specific calendar dates are set by the head of the KECh district (garrison), depending on local climatic conditions.
Partial inspections- when there is deformation in the building structures, utility structures - periodically, to ensure uninterrupted operation.
Extraordinary examinations- no later than one two days after natural disasters (heavy rain, hurricane wind, heavy snow, etc.).
1) All buildings, premises and territory of military camps must always be kept clean and tidy. Premises and facades of buildings should be painted with paints of established colors. Washing floors with a spill of water, as well as rubbing them with mineral oils and petroleum products is prohibited. In winter, the dormer windows of buildings must be closed, and in the summer - opened, it is necessary to protect with special grilles. In the attics in places remote from the chimneys, only winter window frames can be stored. The attics and dryers must be locked, the keys to them are stored at the duty of those units that are responsible for the maintenance of these premises.
2) Basements (basements) and technical undergrounds of buildings should be dry, have lighting and kept clean. Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the maintenance of the roofs of buildings: they must be systematically inspected, repaired, painted and cleaned of debris in a timely manner, and in the winter - from snow. Gutters, wall gutters, overhangs, funnels, ebbs and coatings of the protruding parts of the facades should also be kept in good condition, repaired and painted in a timely manner.
3) Regular ventilation (ventilation) of residential and non-residential premises.
4) The beginning and end of the heating period are announced by order of the head of the garrison. The order and time of heating the premises is established by the unit commander. All boiler rooms, central heating systems, stoves, chimneys are carefully checked before the start of the heating period, and faulty ones are repaired. It is forbidden to install new and temporary furnaces without the permission of the housing maintenance and fire services, use faulty furnaces, use flammable liquids for kindling stoves, leave unattended stoves dry, dry fuel in stoves or stoves and store it in residential premises, as well as stab and cut firewood in rooms, corridors and on stairs.
6) Water sources, reservoirs with water supply, water pumping stations, decontamination and cleaning facilities drinking water must have a sanitary protection zone fenced and kept under constant surveillance and protection. Access by unauthorized persons to this area is strictly prohibited.
7) Sewer collectors, wells, drains, breakage must be periodically cleaned and washed, there must be strict control over the operation of sewage treatment plants in a given technological mode.
8) Defects and malfunctions detected during the spring inspection in the central heating system should be eliminated. At the end of the heating period, the water heating system is flushed with fresh water until it reaches the drain valve. pure water. After washing, the system fills with water, heats up to 85-90С, air is discharged from the air collectors and in this position it remains until the start of the heating season. The steam heating system is not flushed with water, and steam boilers (if descaling is not required) are flushed and filled with boiled water. Checking the readiness of boiler equipment and central heating systems for the heating season is carried out by a test firebox.
9) The gas economy must be kept in good condition at all times in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for Technical Operation and Safety in the Gas Economy.
10) The territory of the military camp, roads, sidewalks, driveways, blind areas around the building, canals, ditches, passages and crossings, bridges, etc. must be kept clean and tidy. Garbage should be removed in a timely manner, and snow in winter. The blind areas and sidewalks around the buildings in order to avoid walls and foundations should be intact.
In the absence of sanitary facilities in the buildings, outdoor latrines and washbasins with waterproof cesspools are arranged in places as directed by the head of the KECh district (garrison) and by agreement with the head of the medical service of the unit (garrison).
On the territory of each military camp there are places for organized collection of garbage and food waste, equipped with waste bins. The outer latrines and garbage bins should be tightly closed, cleaned of sewage and debris in a timely manner and the cleaning system should be disinfected. Inspection wells of utilities are cleaned of debris and silt, closed with lids and free access to them is provided at any time of the year.
Elements of sports and playgrounds, fences and fences of military camps should be constantly in good condition. For green spaces on the territory of a military camp, proper care is organized (cutting branches, watering, feeding, fencing, etc.) by the personnel of the unit.
11) The fire safety rules established by the Internal Service Charter must be strictly followed in part.
12) to maintain the good condition of the barracks and housing stock and ensure the uninterrupted functioning of communal facilities, military units contain the necessary operational personnel for workers and employees. The staff is tested technical knowledge on the right to service utilities and equipment. They are issued with appropriate certificates. All personnel are provided with the required tools and special clothing.
Housing and operational support of troopsincludes such security measuresnature in the units and formations, which are organized, conducted and controlled by the commanders of units and formations, their deputies, heads of services and other officials.
Utility services include: power supply, cleanliness of the barracks and housing stock and territory of the units.
At the expense of funds allocated for utilities, the following expenses are incurred: rental of premises, payment of bonuses to workers and employees for saving fuel used for power plants for public utilities; on business trips and official trips of workers and employees; for damages to individuals and organizations.
To pay for utility bills cost estimateassociated with the operation of public utilities and supplied electricity, water, heat.
Providing parts with furniture, barracks equipment, fire equipment and property of the RECH bodies in accordance with established standards. The need for these materiel is calculated only for those objects of military economy that are available.
Furniture, barracks, fire equipment and property are the property of the respective premises and cannot be transferred from one unit to another without the permission of the unit commander. It is forbidden to use these materiel for other purposes, as well as to take them out of a military camp when a unit departs to a training center or camp, to a training ground, exercises, maneuvers and when it is relocated. In these cases, it is allowed to export only 1-2 iron cabinets (boxes) necessary for the transport of classified documents and money (with a note about this in the certificate).
Repair of furniture and barracks equipment is carried out by forces of the unit and in the workshops of the organs of the REC.
Fire equipment and property that has become unusable due to premature wear or damage due to fires (in case of natural disasters, accidents) are deducted from the inventory according to inspection certificates based on the conclusions of the head of the fire protection inspection of the association.
The parts are provided with solid fuel (firewood, coal, peat briquettes, etc.), gas and thermal energy are provided by the RECH bodies. Liquid fuel parts are provided by the procedure established by the relevant Regulation on the supply of fuel.
Gas (natural and liquefied) parts are received by organizations at the expense of their funds.
Limits on thermal energy establish heat supply organizations under contracts with consumers.
The annual applications for solid fuel and gas for production and technological purposes for the coming year of parts are submitted to the corresponding apartment-operational parts of the districts (garrisons) by April 15 of this year. The applications shall indicate: the planned fuel consumption in conventional and physical terms, separately for free and paid needs (by type of consumption) for the year and quarterly; its expected balances and the necessary carry-over reserves at the beginning and end of the planned year; the required amount of fuel for centralized funds, as well as procured by forces and means of parts from local resources.
Calculation of fuel needs for the coming year for household purposes is made according to the norms of heat and fuel consumption for household needs for military units, institutions, enterprises and organizations of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The need for fuel for production and technological needs is determined by specific standards.
The basis for the preparation of an application for fuel is a book calculating the fuel needs.
The normative reserves of solid fuel at the end of the planned year are established depending on the conditions of its procurement and transportation: for parts receiving fuel by rail, for three months (January - March); for parts with an annual demand of up to 200 tons of coal and 200 storage m 3 of wood when receiving fuel by rail, for four months (January - April); for parts remote over considerable distances from the railways, if it is difficult to deliver fuel in the winter and in the spring thaw, for five months (January - May); etc.
Military units receive solid fuel from the warehouses of the REC or garrisons or directly from suppliers with delivery to their own access roads or the nearest railway stations (ports, marinas).
In cities and other settlements where a unified fuel processing and delivery procedure has been established, it is received from local city (district) fuel depots or other organizations under contracts. Transportation of fuel from warehouses and railway stations (ports, marinas) of the unit is carried out on their own and by means.
Accounting of fuel in parts is carried out according to the forms established by the Accounting Guide. On a quarterly basis, the commission checks the actual availability of fuel in the warehouses of units and garrisons and their compliance with the credentials.
The fuel depots of the units are organized and equipped with their forces and means. By orders of unit commanders, persons responsible for the layout of the fuel are appointed. Storage of fuel in warehouses must comply with the requirements of the Guidelines for the storage of solid fuels.
Everyone understands the importance of the military rear for the successful operations of any military unit - a hungry and undressed soldier cannot fight well. In the entire history of mankind, there are many examples when a well-organized provision of troops led to victory. Examples of this include the organization of uninterrupted supply in the long campaign of Alexander the Great, the rear device with the supply of the Roman army, which allowed to successfully resist the Roman legions in the fight against the barbarians, and many other examples.
The Russian army is not an exception, in which throughout the history of development much attention has been paid to the rear support of troops.
The rear of the Russian army - milestones in history
Of course, before the reform of Peter I in Russia there was no centralized provision of troops. During the early formation of the Russian state, the core of its troops was horseback detachments in which noblemen and boyar children served with the support of their "war slaves." The state at that time did not provide anything for security, and therefore the landowners independently decided on security issues.
Gradually, with the increase in the number of troops, the state was forced to introduce a number of taxes on their upkeep — for the payment of salaries to the archers, “arrow money” was spent, the manufacture of ammunition was paid for from “fossil money”, prisoners of war were bought from “polar money”, etc.
In the XVII century, servicemen received salaries, which included gunners, archers, regimental Cossacks and city, artisans serving armaments, etc. Also, at first from 100 yards, and then from 20-25 yards, one soldier was taken for life service, to whom monthly paid salaries in money and bread. But all this was fragmented, there was no centralized supply at that time.
The birth of the rear of the Armed Forces of Russia can be considered the year 1700, when on February 18, the Provincial Order was approved by the Russian emperor Peter I, which is the first independent supply body. Hence the centralized military support, current and current.
The Great October Revolution, which took place in 1917, changed a lot. Repeated reorganization has undergone, including the rear organs. By the time of the onset of World War II, organizational matters and the supply of everything necessary were assigned to the front headquarters. The supply services were subordinated directly to the front commander, coordination was weak, and in the early days of the war, the flawedness of such a military support structure was revealed.
As early as June 30, 1941, Lieutenant General A. Khrulev A.V. It was reported to General of the Army Zhukov G.K. about the difficult situation of the rear services. According to him, it was not possible to carry out everything necessary because of the lack of data on the needs of the unit. After attracting representatives General Staff together with the best logisticians, a draft GKO decree was prepared, and on August 1, saw the light of the order of the People's Commissar "On the organization of the Main Directorate of Logistics ...". According to this document, the headquarters of the Logistics Division, the VOSO Administration, the inspection of the Chief of Logistics of the Spacecraft and the Road Administration were merged. Lieutenant General A.V. Khrulev was appointed Chief of Logistics.
In wartime, reorganization of the rear of the Armed Forces of the USSR periodically took place. After the war, the reorganization process did not stop - they were looking for the optimal structure of troops support services.
With the advent of Marshal of the Soviet Union Baghramyan I.Kh. adaptation to the realities of peaceful life was completed. The end of the 50s was marked by the deployment of theoretical research on logistics, which made it possible to improve the coordinated work of the entire department.
By the beginning of the 90s, all logistical support was subordinate to the rear services department of the USSR Armed Forces, which was part of the country's defense ministry. This structure was led by the deputy minister of defense, who holds the general position. Rear structures were present in units of all levels, which allowed the entire troop support service to work harmoniously.
To carry out combat missions, everything necessary was transported, food and service was organized for military personnel, and necessary equipment repair was carried out. The tasks of the rear services also included medical care for personnel, as first-aid posts and feldsher departments were part of the rear service. Everything worked as agreed.
Peacetime allows for a relatively free attitude to the reforms of military structures. This was especially noticeable in the beginning of the 90s, during the "great perestroika", when much changed dramatically. As a result of this, in 1992, the Military Communications Service and the Medical Service left the Armed Forces rear.
Of course, in peacetime, these structures can fully function independently. But the paramount task of the state army is to be in constant combat readiness to repel any aggressor. And here the coordinated interaction of all services united by a common leadership plays a large role. Therefore, the fragmentation of the unified logistics support, created for decades, into separate independent units may adversely affect the mobilization readiness of the troops. To work out the coordinated interaction of the rear structures, it takes time, which may simply not be.
Recently, more attention has been paid by the state to the Russian Armed Forces. And there is hope that the reform will affect the services of the military rear, combining them into overall structureThat will allow you to effectively provide military units in any situation.
