Japanese Mogger. Genus: Mogera \u003d Moghera To which unit does Japanese Moghera belong
Order - Shrew / Family - Mole / Subfamily - Moles / Rhode - Mogers
Study history
Japanese Moghera (Latin: Mogera wogura) is a mammal from the genus Mogera (Mogera) of the Mole family (Talpidae).
Spread
Distributed in Japan from the southern part of the island of Honshu, Shikoku, Shodo and several small islands of the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan, on the islands of Taiwan and Hainan; in the east of China; on the Korean peninsula; in the south of Primorsky Krai. The range covers several protected areas.
Appearance
The length of her body reaches 125-180mm. The tail of the mohair does not exceed 20-30 cm, and body weight - not more than 100-210 grams.
The fur of the Japanese mohair is very soft. The abdominal part has a lighter color than the back, which is painted in gray-brown. The older the mohair becomes, the more her skin becomes thicker.
Breeding
Propagated 1 time per year. Females reach puberty at the age of one year, bringing on average 4 cubs.
Lifestyle
Adheres to open grassy valleys, abandoned rice systems and vegetable gardens. The optimal habitat is forbs of different meadows in combination with lowland marshes. The passages are represented by two tiers of labyrinths: the upper one is laid 50-70 cm from the surface of the earth, the lower one is at a depth of 2 m.
In habitats, the presence of earth emissions resulting from the laying of moves is characteristic.
Nutrition
Japanese mohair chooses earthworms, larvae, caterpillars, insects as food. Mogger does not have a specific hunting time; she has been doing this throughout her waking hours. After an active search for food, she allows herself to rest for 60 minutes. The mass of feed eaten per day can reach the mass of the animal.
Number
The number is very low and is not subject to significant changes over the years. In the Primorsky Territory, no more than 20 individuals were caught. Spring and autumn fires that are very frequent in the species habitats lead to a decrease in their already low numbers, adversely affecting the food supply and leading to a gradual reduction in suitable habitats.
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- Class: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 \u003d Mammals
- Subclass: Theria Parker et Haswell, 1879 \u003d Viviparous mammals, real animals
- Infraclass: Eutheria, Placentalia Gill, 1872 \u003d Placental, higher animals
- Squadron: Ungulata \u003d Ungulates
- Order: Insectivora Bowdich, 1821 \u003d Insectivores
- Family:Fischer von Waldheim, 1817 \u003d Mole
- View: Mogera robusta Nehring, 1891 \u003d Ussuri Mogger
- View: Mogera wogura Temminck, 1833 \u003d Japanese (medium) mohair
Gender: Moger \u003d Mogera Pomel, 1848
Species: Mogera wogura Temminck, 1833 \u003d Japanese (medium) mohair.
A rare, little studied species with a limited - within Russia - range. Body length 176-210 mm, tail - 20 mm. Inhabitant of treeless spaces of deciduous Far Eastern taiga.
Spread. In Russia, the northern limit of species distribution. Inhabits the south of Primorye, from the left bank of the river. Foggy to the foot of the ridge. Sukhanovsky. 3 outside the country - in the extreme north-east of China, in Korea, Japan, on the islands of Taiwan and Hainan (1, 2). Unlike a typical forest species - the Ussuri Mogra, the Japanese Mogra inhabits treeless spaces, abandoned meadows, ridges with a rare shrub. On the Korean peninsula and in China, it is most often found in various nurseries and dams sharing rice checks. The basis of nutrition is oligochaetes and insects at different stages of development (2).
The number of Japanese mohair is small. There is no exact information. Limiting factors have not been studied. Threats may come from spring and fall, various types economic activity, destroying biotopes of the Japanese mohair, and the fishing of the Ussuri mohair in common habitats. 
Security measures. It is necessary to ensure the conservation of typical and key habitats by creating a specially protected natural area from the foot of the Sukhanov Ridge to the village of Khasan (3).
Systematic position
Kingdom: animals (Animalia). Type: Chordata (Chordata). Class: mammals (Mammalia). Order: Shrew-like (Soricomorpha). Family: moles (Talpidae). Genus: Mogera. View: Japanese Moghera (Mogera wogura).Japanese Mogger - Mogera wogura Temminck, 1842
Why is listed in the Red Book
Japanese mohair, or, as it is also called, Japanese mole, is a rare small species. The already low numbers are falling due to autumn fires. The amount of feed is gradually reduced and the area of \u200b\u200bsuitable habitats is reduced. So it turns out that without special security measures, we may never see this animal again.
Appearance
The Mohairs are relatively small, up to 15 cm long, and weigh on average about 40 g. The color is ocher-gray or brownish. The animal has very small eyes, which are hidden under the skin, on the muzzle from above, only a small leathery membrane is visible. The tail is also small and much less than the length of the head. The color of the Japanese mohair varies from brownish ocher to gray and fawn black.
Mogers are close relatives of moles, but differ from them in their peculiar color and lack of fang on lower jaw, the structure of the pelvic bones and hearing aid. These are very ancient animals; the remains of their ancestors about 50 million years old were found in Europe.Spread
It occurs only in the extreme south of Primorsky Krai (Khasansky district), where it lives in treeless areas from the left bank of the estuary part of the river. Foggy on sowing. to the foot of Sukhanovsky ridge.
The borders of this small area are from the east. coast of the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan, from the north-east. - Forests of the Sukhanovsky Range, which runs from the west. east from the border with China to the sea.
Being a typical representative of open spaces in the south of Primorye, this species will not be able to expand its territory, because from the foot of the Sukhanovsky Range. to sowing. almost continuous forest formations begin.
Habitat
Adheres to open grassy valleys, abandoned rice systems and vegetable gardens; much less commonly observed on terraces near the slopes of ridges covered with a sparse shrub with the inclusion of single trees of oppressed notched oak.
It is rare on slopes with dense shrubs, and in afforested areas only on clearings and roadsides. Optimal habitats are reed and mixed grass meadows, sometimes in combination with lowland swamps.
The passages are represented by two tiers of labyrinths: the upper one is laid at 50-70 cm from the surface of the earth, the lower one is at a depth of 2 m. In the habitats, the presence of earth emissions resulting from the laying of passages is characteristic.
Lifestyle and Biology
Under the ground, these small animals build passages, which are usually laid in two tiers of labyrinths: the upper one is located 50–70 cm from the surface of the earth, and the lower one is at a depth of 2 m. Moger is easily recognizable by the ejected earth remaining during the construction of the passages.
If you find yourself in the region where this species lives, and you see small earthen ramparts, you should know: these are traces of the activity of the Japanese mohair, ordinary moles are not found here, and the mohair is called “the Japanese mole”.
Spending the main part of life underground, the moguers feed on its inhabitants - earthworms, insect larvae and other accessible animals. The activity and behavior of these animals has been studied very little, partly because of their low numbers, partly because of their specific lifestyle.
Propagated once a year. Females that become sexually mature at the age of one year bring on average 4 cubs. In captivity, the Moguers do not live long - only two or three years. AT wildlife their life has not been established.
Number. The number is very low and is not subject to significant changes over the years. In the Primorsky Territory, no more than 20 individuals were caught.
Security. To protect habitats in the territory from the south. foot of Sukhanovsky ridge. south to the surroundings of the village. Hassan needs to organize a wildlife sanctuary.
Mogera wogura Temminck
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Notes
References
|
The Red Book of Russia |
|
on the site |
- : IUCN Red Book website information
Excerpt from the Japanese Mogger
Prince Andrei's regiment was in reserves, which until the second hour stood behind Semenovsky in inaction, under heavy artillery fire. In the second hour, the regiment, which had already lost more than two hundred people, was moved forward to the battered oat field, in the interval between Semenovsky and the barrow battery, on which thousands of people were beaten that day and to which intensely concentrated fire was directed from the second hour of the day several hundred enemy guns.Without leaving this place and not releasing a single charge, the regiment lost a third of its people here. From the front and especially from the right side, in the non-dispersing smoke, the guns were bubbling and from the mysterious area of \u200b\u200bsmoke that covered the whole area in front, without stopping, with a hissing quick whistle, the kernels and slowly whistling grenades flew. Sometimes, as if giving rest, a quarter of an hour passed, during which all the cores and grenades flew over, but sometimes over the course of a minute several people pulled out of the regiment and continually dragged the dead and carried away the wounded.
With each new strike, fewer and fewer accidents of life remained for those who had not yet been killed. The regiment stood in battalion columns at a distance of three hundred steps, but, despite the fact that all the people of the regiment were influenced by the same mood. All the men of the regiment were equally silent and gloomy. Rarely was heard between the rows of talk, but this talk was silent every time I heard a hit and a cry: “Stretcher!” Most of the time, the people of the regiment, on the orders of their superiors, sat on the ground. Who, having removed the shak, carefully dismantled and reassembled the assemblies; who dry clay, having sprayed it in the palms, polished a bayonet; who kneaded the belt and pulled the band buckle; who diligently straightened and bent over the new undercoats and changed shoes. Some built houses from arable Kalmyks or wicker wickers from stubble straw. Everyone seemed completely immersed in these activities. When wounded and killed people, when stretchers stretched, when ours came back, when large masses of enemies were visible through smoke, no one paid any attention to these circumstances. When artillery and cavalry rode forward, the movements of our infantry were visible, approving remarks were heard from all sides. But the most attention was deserved by events completely foreign, which had nothing to do with the battle. As if the attention of these morally tormented people rested on these ordinary, everyday events. The artillery battery passed in front of the regiment. In one of the artillery crates, a tie-in started building up. “Hey, tight one! .. Straighten! It will fall ... Oh, they don’t see! .. - all over the regiment they shouted equally from the ranks. Another time, the general attention was paid to a small brown dog with a firmly raised tail, which, God knows where it came from, ran out in front of the ranks with a preoccupied trot, and suddenly she screeched from a closely hit nucleus and threw her tail to one side. There was a cackle and screech all over the regiment. But entertainments of this kind lasted minutes, and people for more than eight hours stood without food and idle under the enduring horror of death, and their pale and frowning faces grew paler and frowned.
