Central Black Earth State Nature Reserve named after Professor Alekhine. V. Alyokhin Presentation on the topic: Central Black Soil State Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhine
Presentation on the topic: Central Black Earth State Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhine
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Presentation on the topic: Central Black Earth State Nature Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhine
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All six sections of the Central Black Earth Reserve are located within the middle strip of the forest-steppe, where the natural natural (indigenous) communities in the conditions of flat water-dividing surfaces, called placors, are meadow steppes and broad-leaved forests mainly of oak. Significantly smaller area on certain landforms is occupied by other types of plant communities (real and steppe meadows, petrophytic steppes, wetland vegetation, bushes, small-leaved forests, etc.). All six sections of the Central Black Earth Reserve are located within the middle strip of the forest-steppe, where the natural natural (indigenous) communities in the conditions of flat water-dividing surfaces, called placors, are meadow steppes and broad-leaved forests mainly of oak. Significantly smaller area on certain landforms is occupied by other types of plant communities (real and steppe meadows, petrophytic steppes, wetland vegetation, bushes, small-leaved forests, etc.). According to data for the entire period of flora studies, in the modern territory of the Central Black Earth Reserve (5287.4 hectares), by the end of 2010, 1287 species of vascular plants, including adventitious (introduced) herbaceous plants and wood introductions, were grown (published and typewritten materials).
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Mushrooms The kingdom of mushrooms in the Central Black Earth Reserve has about a thousand species. 12 species of fungi that live in the central emergency room are poisonous and can cause not only poisoning, but also death. First of all, this group should include the deadly poisonous pale grebe. Mushrooms entered the life of a person not only as a source of delicious food, but also as natural healers for a variety of diseases. More than 40 species of mushrooms with medicinal properties live in the central emergency room. It is well known to use red fly agaric from rheumatism, neuralgia, tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, with vasospasm and epilepsy. False mushrooms were used as a laxative and emetic, and even cholera was treated with a pale grebe. 2 species of mushrooms of the reserve are listed in the Red Book of Russia: branched tinder fungus or ram mushroom / Polyporus umbellatus / is found on the Streletsky area, its fruiting body can reach more than 10 kg of weight and varnished tinder fungus / Ganoderma lucidum /, which is registered only on the Streletsky and Cossack areas .
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Steppe vegetation Steppe vegetation Steppes are the main value for which a reserve was created. The steppes represented on its territory belong to the northern, or meadow. The Central Black Earth Reserve included the largest of them - these are Streletskaya (730 ha) and Cossack (720 ha) steppes. Relic vegetation (“Land of Living Fossils”) Of particular value is the vegetation of the southeast of the Kursk region (the upper reaches of the Oskol River basin), which presents peculiar calcite-petrophyte steppes located on slopes and hills with close littering of Cretaceous deposits. To protect them, here in 1969, sections of the Barkalovka and Bucreeva Barma reserves were organized. Plant communities growing in these habitats are known as "lowered alps." They are stable in time, characterized by a close-growing grass stand of small average height, a noticeable participation of shrubs and shrubs, a rich floristic composition and a significant concentration of rare species.
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Meadow vegetation Meadow vegetation Meadows are generally divided into floodplain and continental (located on watershed spaces). Their vegetation is represented by rather poor communities with a predominance of trivial meadow or weed-meadow species, among which creeping wheatgrass, bluegrass and narrow-leaved marsh, yarrow are common, common dandelion. Swamp and aquatic vegetation In the territory of the Central Black Earth Reserve, the swamp type of vegetation has a relatively small distribution. In the areas of Barkalovka, Zorinsky, Poyma Psla grass marshes are represented, occupying a total of about 260 hectares. Mostly floodplain grass swamps are widespread: reed, manniferous, sedge, and cattails. The most abundant in these communities are cereals (common reed, large mannik, gray reed, marsh bluegrass), sedge (acute, soddy, swollen, fox, coastal, pseudocantal, bubbly, etc.), cattail (narrow-leaved and broad-leaved), horsetail, forbs. Forest vegetation The forests of the reserve are located in the southwestern part of the Central Russian Upland within the central strip of the forest-steppe zone and are part of the Kursk forest-steppe okrug. Due to the increased human colonization of the forest-steppe landscape, they are represented by individual forest tracts or larger tracts, and, as a rule, are surrounded by agricultural land
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Rare plant species Rare plant species Currently, 13 species of vascular plants from the Red Book of the Russian Federation (2008) are known to grow on the territory of the Central Black Earth Reserve, which is 65% of the “Red Book Russian species” that are reliably noted in the Kursk region. Basically, these are species located near the borders of their range: near the north - thin-leaved peony, feather grass Zalessky, beautiful, pubescent leafy and cirrus, iris (leafless); in the south - Lezell’s elk; as well as species with a fragmented habitat - the true venus slipper, Russian and chess fritillas, Borovoe wolfberry (Julia wolfberry), Alaunsky cotoneaster and Kozo-Polyansky breaker
March 18, 2016 at the Regional Scientific Library. N.N. Aseeva hosted the presentation of the popular science book Central Black Earth Reserve. The publication is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Russian reserve system and was funded by the UNDP / GEF / Russian Ministry of Natural Resources Project “Improving the Protected Area System and Management Mechanisms in the Russian Steppe Biome”.
Director of the reserve, candidate of biological sciences A.A. spoke about the work on the book. Vlasov, who prepared the Preface, History, Sections: Vertebrate animals, Rare species of animals, Modern nature reserve activity, Nature reserve activity support service, Implementation of the UNDP / GEF / Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia project “Improvement of the system and mechanisms for managing protected areas in the steppe biome of Russia” in TsCHZ and Conclusion
Deputy Director for Research, Candidate of Biological Sciences O.V. Ryzhkov spoke about the implementation of the UNDP / GEF / Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia project “Improving the system and mechanisms for managing protected areas in the steppe biome of Russia” in the Central Chemistry Center. He prepared sections: Shrubby vegetation, Forest vegetation, Research and monitoring, 657 photographs and drawings.
Journalists, students and schoolchildren asked questions of interest to them. Head of the Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences of KSU O.P. Lukashova, who got acquainted with the contents of the book, highly appreciated its importance both for schoolchildren and students, as well as for specialists, stressing that the book is easy to read, it has many beautiful illustrations, and most importantly, we learn that there is a unique world next to us wildlife to be protected.
Representatives of libraries and various media in Kursk were invited to the presentation, who received a book for use in public education. The book has been distributed to all district libraries in the Kursk region and will be distributed in schools surrounding the protected areas of the Central Black Earth Reserve.
CENTRAL BLACK EARTHSTATE
NATURAL BIOSPHERE
NATURE RESERVE
PROFESSOR
V.V. ALEKHINA
Kiseleva Lyudmila Leonidovna Since 1979, the reserve is included in the international
UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Network, since 1998
Mr .. is the holder of a Diploma of the Council
Europe, and in 2012 entered the Emerald Network
Of Europe.
Among the inhabited places of the Kursk region
six “scraps of paradise” with
virgin northern steppes,
reference chernozems, preglacial
vegetation in the chalk hills,
relict sphagnum bogs and
pure floodplain complexes.
RF
THE ROLE OF THE RESERVE IN NATURE PROTECTIONRF
Currently, the central emergency center consists of 6 sections, a total
an area of \u200b\u200bjust over 5 thousand hectares. On Streletsky and
Cossack sections of TsCHZ practically remain
zonal disappeared in the European forest-steppe
type of vegetation - upland meadow steppes,
which are characterized by outstanding for
extratropical vegetation indicators
species richness (87 species per 1 sq. m),
high productivity, colorfulness and
wealth of flora. Meadow-steppe vegetation
grows on never smelling typical
black soil, the power of the humus horizon
which reaches 1.5 m, and its content is up to 13%.
Meadow steppes with feather grass
MEAD STEPPE WITH A RODPied For Bukreeva plots
Barma and Barkalovka are characteristic petrophytic steppes
communities on the chalk hillsides with
preglacial (relict) plant species. Here
wolfberry boron grows (lat. Dáphne
cneórum), listed in the Red Book of Russia, and not
found in other reserves of the country.
On the Zorinsky site the greatest interest
represent sphagnum bogs in suffusion
in the hollows. They are characterized by high
a variety of sphagnum mosses (within a small
territory. The Psla Floodplain includes
floodplain alders and oak forests, as well as swamps and
elders, where the world's smallest flowering
plant -, rootless wolfia (lat. Wolffia arrhiza)
not known in other areas of the Kursk region, here
the largest gray colony is also located
herons.
Pine forest wolfberry (relic)
WOLF BIRD BORN (RELICT)The role of the reserve in the conservation of the Kursk region
THE ROLE OF THE RESERVE IN NATURE PROTECTIONKURSK REGION
Central Black Earth Reserve preserves
typical landscapes of the Kursk region, its
biodiversity represented by 7200 species
living organisms. So far some
taxa of living organisms in the Kursk region
practically not studied and data on them are given
only on the basis of their study in the Central Black Earth Reserve.
Biodiversity of CHP includes more than 90% of all
studied species of living organisms in the Kursk region.
55 species of animals, plants and mushrooms were noted,
227 species listed in the Red Book of Russia,
included in the Red Book of the Kursk region.
The potential of CHP is actively used to justify
and regional network development planning especially
protected areas
design and survey work and preparation of solutions
to create various categories of regional protected areas
in the Kursk region.
Geographical position
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITIONMiraculously preserved beautiful islands
forest-steppe landscape of the Central Black Earth
Biosphere State Nature Reserve
named after professor V.V. Alekhine located on
the territory of the European part of Russia within
Middle Russian Upland.
4 sections of the reserve are located in its southwestern
parts and relate to the Dnieper river basin:
Streletsky and Cossack sections (51 ° 34´ N 36 ° 06´ E)
are located at an altitude of 178-262 m above sea level,
Zorinsky (51 ° 11´ N 36 ° 24´ E) - at an altitude of 169-200 m,
a Psla floodplain (51 ° 11´ N 36 ° 19´ E) - 155-167 m above
sea \u200b\u200blevel on the watershed of the Seym and Psla rivers.
2 sections of the reserve are located in the southeastern part
Middle Russian Upland and belong to the Don
river basin: Barkalovka (51 ° 33´ N 37 ° 39´ E) and
The Bucreevs of Barma (51 ° 30´ N 37 ° 18´ E) at an altitude of 163238 m above sea level on the watershed of the Oskol and
Xheni.
Geological structure
GEOLOGICAL STRUCTUREThe territory of the reserve is located in
Voronezh crystalline
shield - an ancient massif composed of granite gneisses, crystalline schists,
ferruginous quartz. On the day
the surface in the reserve these rocks are not
come out, and serve as the foundation for
sedimentary rocks represented
mainly clay with rare
interlayers of marls, limestones, sandstones
and sand, lying at a depth of 70-120 m.
Cretaceous deposits are located higher
systems represented by clay, sand,
chalk, marl.
Relief
RELIEFThe relief of the reserve is typically erosive. Difference
elevations of the bottoms of beams and watersheds
reaches 100 meters. The most common
microrelief forms are saucers and
tubercles are oval in shape, with a depth of 50 cm to 1 m
and with a diameter of 20-30 meters. Space between
saucers has a tubercle surface that
continues to be formed and is currently in
the result of the life of rodents:
mole rats and voles. In places close
occurrence of Cretaceous deposits are noted
karst phenomena in the form of craters, pits, dips.
On Barkalovka and Bukreevye Barmah chalk often
naked on the slopes of beams, forming picturesque
"White mountains". On the Zorinsky site are observed
suffusion-karst and subsidence lows
in relief (hollows and hollows).
Streletsky site
SagittariusClimate
CLIMATEThe reserve is located in the zone
temperate cold climate with average annual
air temperature + 5.7ºC. The coldest
month - January (- 7.9˚С). Throughout the winter
months thaw may occur with
an increase in air temperature above 0.
Especially often they are at the beginning and end of winter.
The warmest is July (+ 18.9˚С). Throughout the year in
an average of 190 days with precipitation. Sun in
During the year, an average of 1800 hours shines. Most
the long season of the year is winter -
130 days, the shortest - spring - 63 days.
The duration of the growing season in
the average is 185 days. Thermal mode in
overall stable.
Meteorological station "Streletskaya steppe"
Weather station StreletskayaSTEPPE" The average long-term precipitation is
570 mm. Absolute fluctuations in precipitation
- 404 mm (from 334 in 2010 to 744 in 1997).
Precipitation falls quite
unevenly, both over the years and over
of the year. Snow cover is usually set.
in the first decade of December. Final
melting of snow occurs in
the first decade of April.
Water
WATEROn the Streletsky and Cossack areas of the reserve
there are no open reservoirs. Groundwater lies on
depth of 12-14 meters. On the site Barkalovka there
natural water sources are a few keys,
beating from the Cretaceous strata and supplying water with a small
swamp.
Zorinsky site consists of a group of individual swamps,
lying close together, on the second floodplain
the terrace of the rivers Psel and Zapselets. Their diameter varies from 5 to
75 m. The surface on which they are located
hilly, sometimes flat, swamps lie in
lows. They formed by leaching and
subsidence of Neogene sands, underlying the thickness of the loess.
Forty of the studied bogs - sphagnum - for the steppe zone
a rare phenomenon, flows a small stream Gnilets.
In the Poyma Psla section, water bodies occupy 2% of the area, and
swamps (Plavni, Lutovo and Zapseletskoe) almost half
plot - 238.7 ha. There are old lake (lake
Bold).
Psla Floodplot
PSLA FLOOR PLOTStreletsky site
StreletskyPLOT
The Streletsky site is the largest (2046 hectares).
It is located 10 km south of Kursk and
stretched a narrow band (1.5-2.5 km) from the southwest to the northeast for almost 8 km, having in
its western part 3 small forest
natural boundaries: Dubroshina, Solovyatnik and Dedov
Cheerful, and in the eastern part - Petrin Forest (the most
large forest tract - about 500 hectares). The woods
40% of the territory is occupied
oak forests, a few aspen, few others
hardwood. In forest tracts Petrin
forest and Grandfathers Cheerful are cordons where
Reservation inspectors live
territory.
Area of \u200b\u200bsteppes and meadows: 868 ha, which is
42.4% of the total land area.
Streletsky steppe
SAGITTARIUS STEPPE Streletskaya steppe is located on a plateau, withthe north side the border runs along Petrin
the log. Slopes occupy 14%. Location on
virgin virgin typical chernozems prevail
only in the Streletsky steppe can soil be found with
meter thick fertile humus layer.
Streletsky steppe is colorful
grassy steppe with broad-leaved cereals,
a real open-air lab. On the
a relatively small area grows
860 species of various herbs, shrubs and trees!
Inhabits 7 species of plants listed in Red
book of the Russian Federation (peony fine-leaved Paeonia tenuifolia,
Kasatik leafless Iris aphylla, hazel grouse Russian
Fritillaria ruthenica and chess Fritillária meleágris,
hobbled feathery Stipa pennata). On one
square meter - 87 species of plants. Such
high species richness is rare
in the central regions of Russia. V.V. Alekhine
called the Streletskaya and Cossack steppes "Kursk
botanical anomaly. "
Cossack site
KAZATSKY PLOTCossack site - the second largest (1638 ha) formed
in 1935. It is located 18 km southeast of
Streletsky site in Medvensky area and consists of
Cossack steppe and forest. The area of \u200b\u200bsteppes and meadows is 1098 ha, which
accounts for 67% of the total land area. Virgin steppes
occupy about 600 hectares. On fertile soils
739 species of vascular plants grow, of which 7 species
listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation (peony thin-leaved, killer whale
leafless, hazel grouse Russian, feather grass Zalessky, cirrus,
leafy and beautiful). The steppe is separated from the forest
500 m wide forest-steppe profile, where for many years
explores the relationship between forest and steppe and while the forest
wins: there is a gradual overgrowing of this area
tree-shrubby vegetation. On the steppe for
the conservation of plant species diversity is also
various preservation regimes apply (mowing,
hay rotation and mowing).
About 4,000 species of insects live here, 7 species
amphibians, 5 species of reptiles, 164 species of birds, 38
species of mammals.
At the edge of the forest stands a cordon where two inspectors live
for the protection of the territory of the Cossack site and its
three-kilometer security zone with an area of \u200b\u200b7754 hectares.
Map of the Cossack site
MAP DIAGRAM OF THE KAZAKH PARTPlot Bukreeva Barma
BUKREYA BARMA SITEThe Bukreeva Barma site (259 ha) became part of
reserve in 1969, is located 100 km southeast of Kursk on the territory of the Timsk region near
with. Big Butyrs and in turn consists of
two disconnected tracts. The first tract
covers the oak forests of Bukreevo and Borki,
connected by a hollow overlooking the Repetskaya river
Plota, the second tract - Pokosnevo -
woody canyon-shaped log
overgrown. The distance between the sections reaches
up to 1.5 km. Area of \u200b\u200bsteppes and meadows: 112 ha, which
accounts for 43.2% of the total land area.
On the tops of chalky hills and slopes
there are forests descending in the form of green
semicircles - barm (barmas - decoration of princes in
mantle or necklace). Bukreev - last name
the landowner who owned these lands until
revolution. Hence the name Bukreeva Barma.
Chalk hills
CHALK HILLS Bukreev Barma is one of the places where the dry survived“Shelters” of the glacial alpine-tundra
vegetation. They are widely known to nerds.
thanks to interesting plant communities
called "lowered alps." Here
unusual hilly terrain
terrain. On the site of Bukreev Barma
524 species of vascular plants grow, of which
8 species (pine wolfberry Dáphne cneórum,
Kozo-Polyansky's breach Andrósace kosopoljanskii, Venus slipper real
Cypripedium calceolus, iris leafless iris
aphylla, cotoneaster Alaunsky
Cotoneaster alaunicus, hazel grouse Russian Fritillária
ruthénica, feather grass feather Stípa pennáta and
the most beautiful Stípa pulcherríma) listed in
Red Book of the Russian Federation.
Plot Barkalovka
PLOT BARKALOVKAThe Barkalovka site (365 ha) became part of the reserve in
1969, located on the territory of Gorshechensky
area 120 km southeast of the city of Kursk. Plot
consists of two tracts - treeless Barkalovka and
wooded City on the Oskol River watershed
and Ksheni - Don river system. Steppe area and
meadows: 88 ha, which is 24% of the total area
plot. 652 species grow on the Barkalovka site
vascular plants, of which 5 species (daphne
Borovoy (V. Julia), leafless killer whale, Russian hazel grouse,
feathery feathery and beautiful) are listed in Red
book of the Russian Federation. Professor B.P. Kozo-Polyansky called
Barkalovka and Bukreev Barma among several
other sites by the "land of living minerals" by releasing
under this title his book. Living fossils
are of great scientific interest. Their study
allows you to understand the laws of evolution of modern
vegetation, provides material for solving
major botanical and geographical issues.
Zorinsky site
ZORIN SECTIONZorinsky section of the reserve has an area
495.1 ha and is located 70 km south of the estate
in Oboyansk and Priestensky areas.
Zorinsky sphagnum bogs are located 89 km east of the city of Oboyan, near the village
Zorino, in the valley of the Pselec river. Consists
Zorinsky site from open spaces with
sphagnum bogs located on both
sides of the Oboyan-Rzhava railway and
forest tract Execution in Priestensky
area.
Sphagnum swamp
Sphagnum bog A total of 794 grow on the Zorinsky sitespecies of vascular plants. First time for
Kursk region sedge found here
wattled and mannik oak. Moss flora
Zorinsky site is very diverse, here
more than 100 species were noted, 9 of which
listed in the Red Book of the Kursk region.
In a very small area
concentrated a wide variety
rare sphagnum mosses - 15 species.
About 250 species of mushrooms are registered,
a rare species is often found - raincoat
giant (Lycoperdon giganteum); 47
species of freshwater algae.
Psla Floodplot
PSLA FLOOR PLOTThe Psla floodplain site (481.3 ha) is located in
60 km from the estate in Oboyansk district in
half a kilometer from the Zorinsky site and
is a floodplain complex of the river
Psel. Consists of three tracts (Plavni, Lutov
forest and Zapseletsky swamps) and was formed in 1998
d. Water bodies occupy 2% of the area, and swamps almost half of the site. In the river Psel dwells
about 24 species of fish: bream, bream, chub,
asp, ide roach, rudd, carp, tench,
golden crucian, silver crucian etc.
About 600 species grow on the site
vascular plants, 15 species of them are listed
in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Kursk region.
Psla floodplain
PSLA FLOORFlora
FLORAAccording to data for the entire period of flora studies,
the modern territory of the Central Black Earth Reserve (5287.4 ha) to the end
2010 marked (published and
typewritten materials) growth 1287
species of vascular plants, including adventitious
(alien) herbaceous plants and woody
introducers. In the areas of the reserve they
distributed as follows:
Streletsky - 908,
Cossack - 744,
Barkalovka - 654,
Bukreev Barma - 526,
Zorinsky - 794,
Psla floodplain - 537 species.
Extracurricular activities aimed at getting to know the reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhine. A virtual tour is carried out in the form of a trip to the stations (stops), as a result of which the students will learn from the history of the reserve and its founder, in absentia they will visit the “land of living minerals”, the museum of nature, learn about the uniqueness of the plant diversity of the Streletsky steppe.
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Slide captions:
Virtual tour of the reserve named after V.V. Alekhine "KURSK PEARL"
Kursk pearl
Six “shreds of paradise” Streletsky site Cossack site Bukreeva barma barkalovka Zorinsky site Flood
Stop 1. The “Historical” Central Black Soil State Nature Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhin (TsChZ) was established on February 10, 1935. On February 19, 1979, the Central Black Earth State Reserve was one of the first in the USSR to become the holder of the international UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Certificate; On September 28, 1998, the Central Black Earth Reserve was first awarded the European Diploma; 2012 The reserve entered the Emerald Network of Europe
Stop 2. “pride of the Kursk land” Vasily Vasilievich Alekhine (January 17, 1882 - April 3, 1946)
Stop 3. “Kursk Botanical Anomaly” V.V. Alekhine: “Imagine a vast space covered with a colorful carpet of all kinds of colors, sometimes forming a complex mosaic of bizarre addition, sometimes representing separate spots of blue, yellow, red, white shades ...”
Stop 4. “land of living minerals” Relics - plants, witnesses of glaciation that have survived to our days. Shiverekiya Podolskaya. Pine forest. Breaker of the Kozo-Polyansky Dendrantem Zavadsky.
Stop 5. “under special protection” Biodiversity of TsCHZ is represented by 7200 species of living organisms. 227 species are listed in the Red Book of Kursk Oblast. 55 species are in the Russian Red Book. 55 species of the Russian Red Book
Stop 6. "Museum of Nature"
Stop 7. “Intelligent” Quiz! Decrypt the acronym for protected areas. How many reserves and national parks in Russia? In what year the reserve them. Professor Alekhine? What are the scientific works of Professor V.V. Alekhine. What is depicted on the emblem of the reserve them. prof. V.V. Alekhine? How many sites near the reserve named after V.V. Alekhine? Which site is located in the Kursk region? Why was the steppe called Streletskaya? How many plant species are there per square meter of the Streletsky steppe? What relict plants are the sites of Bukreeva Barma and Barkalovka?
The pages of the red book
The Central Black Earth Biosphere Reserve named after V.V. Alekhine is the wealth and pride of not only the Kursk, but also of all Russians! How beautiful this world is, Where peace and bliss reign, Sounds where streams murmur, And the legs of a man have not set foot. Like the fairy tale there edges, Beautiful and clear lakes, Virgin land everywhere, Do not tear your eyes from there. Let us then keep Nature clean and beautiful. And the reserved places will give our descendants strength.
Slide 1
Prepared by a primary school teacher MBOU "Polevskoy Lyceum" Shestopalova TS 2014 Central - Chernozem State Nature Reserve named after Professor V.V. AlekhineSlide 2
Sites of the reserve Streletsky site Cossack site Bukreeva Barma Barkalovka Zorinsky site Floodplain Psla Here is the steppe! You have been sung many times, Dressed with former glory. A feather grass, where you can’t look into the distance, Creeps like an old wind ... Curly oak groves all around ... Well, you better need it, right! And in this my reserve I invite everyone with me ... Professor V.V. Alekhine
Slide 3
Streletsky site Cossack site Bukreeva Barma site Site Barkalovka Zorinsky site Site Poyma Psla
Slide 4
All six sections of the Central Black Earth Reserve are located within the middle strip of the forest-steppe, where the natural natural (indigenous) communities in the conditions of flat watershed surfaces, called placors, are meadow steppes and broad-leaved forests, mainly of oak oak. Significantly smaller area on certain landforms is occupied by other types of plant communities (real and steppe meadows, petrophytic steppes, wetland vegetation, bushes, small-leaved forests, etc.). According to data for the entire period of flora studies, in the modern territory of the Central Black Earth Reserve (5287.4 hectares), by the end of 2010, 1287 species of vascular plants, including adventitious (introduced) herbaceous plants and wood introductions, were grown (published and typewritten materials).
Slide 5
Slide 6
Mushrooms The kingdom of mushrooms in the Central Black Earth Reserve has about a thousand species. 12 species of fungi that live in the central emergency room are poisonous and can cause not only poisoning, but also death. First of all, this group should include the deadly poisonous toadstool. Mushrooms entered the life of a person not only as a source of delicious food, but also as natural healers for a variety of diseases. More than 40 species of mushrooms with medicinal properties live in the central emergency room. It is well known to use red fly agaric from rheumatism, neuralgia, tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, with vasospasm and epilepsy. False mushrooms were used as a laxative and emetic, and even cholera was treated with a pale grebe. 2 species of mushrooms of the reserve are listed in the Red Book of Russia: branched tinder fungus or ram mushroom / Polyporus umbellatus / is found on the Streletsky area, its fruiting body can reach more than 10 kg of weight and varnished tinder fungus / Ganoderma lucidum /, which is registered only on the Streletsky and Cossack areas .
Slide 7
Tinder fungus lacquered Dubovik ordinary Iudino ear Veselka vulgaris Boletus ordinary Chlorosplenium blue-green
Slide 8
Steppe vegetation Steppes are the main value for which a reserve was created. The steppes represented on its territory belong to the northern, or meadow. The Central Black Earth Reserve included the largest of them - these are Streletskaya (730 ha) and Cossack (720 ha) steppes. Relic vegetation (“Country of living minerals”) Of particular value is the vegetation of the southeast of the Kursk region (the upper reaches of the Oskol river basin), which presents peculiar calcite-petrophyte steppes located on slopes and hills with close littering of Cretaceous deposits. To protect them, here in 1969, sections of the Barkalovka and Bucreeva Barma reserves were organized. Plant communities growing in these habitats are known as "lowered alps." They are stable in time, characterized by close-growing grass of small average height, noticeable participation of shrubs and shrubs, rich floristic composition and a significant concentration of rare species.
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Meadow vegetation Meadows are usually subdivided into floodplain and continental (located on watershed spaces). Their vegetation is represented by rather poor communities with a predominance of trivial meadow or weed-meadow species, among which creeping wheatgrass, bluegrass and narrow-leaved marsh, yarrow are common, common dandelion. Swamp and aquatic vegetation In the territory of the Central Black Earth Reserve, the swamp type of vegetation has a relatively small distribution. In the areas of Barkalovka, Zorinsky, Poyma Psla grass marshes are represented, occupying a total of about 260 hectares. Mostly floodplain grass swamps are widespread: reed, manniferous, sedge, and cattails. The most abundant in these communities are cereals (common reed, large mannik, gray reed, marsh bluegrass), sedge (acute, soddy, swollen, fox, coastal, pseudocantal, bubbly, etc.), cattail (narrow-leaved and broad-leaved), horsetail, forbs. Forest vegetation The forests of the reserve are located in the southwestern part of the Central Russian Upland within the central strip of the forest-steppe zone and are part of the Kursk forest-steppe okrug. Due to the increased human colonization of the forest-steppe landscape, they are represented by individual forest tracts or larger tracts, and, as a rule, are surrounded by agricultural land
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Rare plant species Currently, 13 species of vascular plants from the Red Book of the Russian Federation (2008) are known to grow on the territory of the Central Black Earth Reserve, which is 65% of the “Red Book Russian species” that are reliably recorded in the Kursk region. Basically, these are species located near the borders of their range: near the northern one, there is a thin-leaved peony, feather grasses of Zalessky, beautiful, pubescent leaves and cirrus, iris (leafless); in the south - Lezell’s elk; as well as species with a fragmented habitat - the true venus slipper, Russian and chess fritillas, Borovoe wolfberry (Julia wolfberry), Alaunsky cotoneaster and Kozo-Polyansky breaker
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Venus slipper real Cotoneaster Alaunka Hazel grouse chess Peony thin-leaved Breaker of Kozo-Polyansky backache feather feather grass
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Animals The combination of steppe spaces and forests, fertile soils, highly productive vegetation with optimal heat and moisture conditions create the most favorable conditions for the existence of many species of animals of different ecologies in the forest-steppe. The group of invertebrates is the largest. Insects Steppe insects account for 4 to 16% of the species. Revealed about a thousand species of beetles. Representatives of all the main families of this order are found in abundance: ground beetles, ground beetles, black beetles, nutcrackers, soft bodies, weevils, barbel, etc. Ground beetles are best studied in the reserve. Especially there are a lot of wild single bees and bumblebees. About 20 species of bumblebees live in the Streletsky area alone. The world of predatory insects is extremely diverse. There are many predators among millipedes, bugs, ants, wasps, some flies.
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Spiders In the Streletsky steppe, according to our estimates, 191 species of spiders live: 96 in the steppe, 105 in the forest and on the edges. The most noticeable of them, perhaps, are spider-spiders of the Araneidae family. Their large, wheeled nets can often be found in grass, on trees and shrubs. The largest of them is the Brunnich spider, or the wasp spider, so named because of the yellow-black striped pattern of the abdomen. Amphibians 10 species of amphibians live on the territory of the reserve. These are almost all representatives of the amphibian fauna of the Kursk region, with the exception of the grass frog and common tree frog. Reptiles 5 reptile species live on the territory of the Central Black Soil Reserve (fast-moving and live-bearing lizards, spindleworm, common steppe viper), which makes up 50% of the fauna of reptiles in the Kursk Region. Birds. Birds are the largest group of vertebrate animals in the reserve. According to the latest data, there are 226 bird species in the fauna of the Central Emergencies Center and its conservation zone, which is about 80% of all birds in the Kursk region, of which more than 90 species nest in the reserve. Mammals In a relatively small area of \u200b\u200bthe Central Black Earth Reserve, 50 species of mammals are registered. In the Central Black Earth Reserve, 4 species of bats are recorded that make up the Batwing order. There are 13 species of carnivorous mammals in the Central Emergency Response Center. The largest of them is the wolf.
