Central africa on a world map. Political map of Africa. Cape of Good Hope

Africa
Option I
1. Most of the possessions in Africa at the beginning of the XX century had the state:

2. Most African countries in terms of government are:
3.

4. The largest oil and gas deposits are available in:
1) Libya, Nigeria, Algeria, Egypt 2) Libya, Nigeria, Zaire, Zambia 3) Algeria, Libya, Congo, Namibia
5.

6. The population in Africa (for 2004) was:
1) More than 600 million 2) More than 400 million 3) More than 800 million
7. Malagasy live in:

8.

9. On the world market, Africa stands out for its industry:

10 In gold mining, 1 place in the world is:
1) Congo 2) Egypt 3) South Africa
11.

The leading agricultural industry is:

12. The main area of \u200b\u200bdrought and desertification in Africa:
1) gilea 2) Sahel 3) selva
13. The state occupying 1st place in the world in terms of sea cargo turnover:

Africa
Option II

2. In the global market, Africa stands out for its industry:
1) mining 2) mechanical engineering 3) chemical
4.

Over 70% of the territory of Africa is occupied by:
1) mountains 2) lowlands 3) plateaus, plateaus, highlands
5. Most of the possessions in Africa at the beginning of the 20th century were owned by the state:
1) UK 2) France 3) Germany
6. Most African countries in terms of government are:
1) federated 2) monarchies 3) unitary
7. Federated countries include:
1) Nigeria, South Africa, Algeria 2) Nigeria, South Africa.

Ethiopia 3) Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt
8. Monarchies of Africa:
1) Lessoto, Morocco, Swaziland 2) Morocco, Swaziland, Zambia 3) Swaziland, Lessoto, Liberia
9.

The Copper Belt is located on the territory of the states:
1) Zaire (Congo), South Africa 2) South Africa, Zambia 3) Zaire (Congo), Zambia
11. Most of the national parks are located on:
1) south and east 2) south and west 3) north and east
12.

The population in Africa (2004) was:
1) more than 600 million 2) more than 400 million 3) more than 800 million
13. Malagasy live in:
1) South Africa 2) Nigeria 3) Madagascar
14. The largest deposits of oil and gas are available in:
1) Libya, Nigeria, Algeria, Egypt 2) Libya, Nigeria, Zaire, Zambia
3) Algeria, Libya, Congo, Namibia
15.

The southern part of the mainland is populated:
1) Arabs 2) Bushmen and Hottentots 3) Boers
16. Dutch immigrants in Africa are called:
1) Boers 2) Bushmen 3) Creoles
17. The main area of \u200b\u200bdrought and desertification in Africa:
1) gilea 2) Sahel 3) selva
18.

In gold mining, the 1st place in the world is:
1) Congo 2) Egypt 3) South Africa
19. The leading agricultural sector is:
1) crop production 2) livestock
20. The state occupying 1 place in the world in terms of sea cargo turnover:
1) Liberia 2) Egypt 3) Senegal

Republic of South Africa / Constitutional framework, characteristics of government

The country has a constitution of 1996 (entered into force in 1997). The procedure for amending it depends on which chapter is being amended.

So, to change Ch.

For editing other articles, the majority in the National Assembly should be 2/3 of the vote. Since the adoption of the constitution, 14 amendments have been made to it.

The Constitution guarantees equal suffrage (active and passive), freedom of political associations, freedom of speech and the press, inviolability of private property, etc.

According to the constitution, the main document that lists the main principles relating to human rights is the Bill of Rights.

According to him, rights are divided into several categories: universal human and civil rights, rights in the sphere of relations between a citizen and the state, environmental rights.

The form of government cannot be unambiguously described as either parliamentary or presidential: on the one hand, the president has real political power, on the other - he is elected by the parliament and resigns in case of the dissolution of the latter, which does not allow us to talk about a certain autonomy of the branches of power, characteristic of presidential republic.

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• Countries of the world
• Africa
• South Africa
  • Year of foundation
  • Geographical location, area, borders
  • Population
  • Human Development Index 1980–2012
  • Language (s)
  • Historical outline of political traditions
  • From the origins of statehood to the end of the Anglo-Bourgeois War
  • The formation and development of apartheid
  • The dismantling of apartheid and the transition to democracy
  • Constitutional foundations, characteristics of the form of government
  • Separation and interaction of various branches of government
  • Executive Features
  • Heads of State (presidents) in 1961-2014
  • Heads of government (prime ministers, after the proclamation of the republic) in 1958-1984
  • Features of the legislative branch
  • Features of the judiciary
  • Territorial state structure
  • Local government and self-government
  • External influences on the formation and functioning of political institutions
  • Internal conflicts and splits
  • Official ideology, ideological schisms and conflicts
  • Religion and the state, the role of religion in politics
  • Features of the party system
  • Representation of political parties in the National Assembly following the 2004 general election
  • Political role of military / power structures
  • NGOs, corporate components of the political system, interest groups and influence groups
  • The position and role of the media
  • South Africa's position in the Press Freedom Index ranking 2002–2012
  • Gender equality / inequality
  • National economy in the context of the global economy
  • Key indicators of the economy in 1990–2010
  • South Africa's GDP structure, according to the World Bank in 2011
  • Weight in the global economy in 1990-2006
  • Influence resources on the international environment and international processes
  • Military spending in 1990–2010
  • Participation in international organizations and regimes, major foreign policy partners and partners, relations with Russia
  • External and internal threats to state security
  • South Africa's ranking on the corruption perception index in 1995–2012
  • Location of the country in a zone of increased danger of natural disasters
  • Economic threats
  • Human Security Threats

A union (trade union, trade union) is a form of state structure in which a federal state is a state entity with legally defined political independence.
Federal device design:

Austria 2. Australia.

3. Argentina. 4. Belgium 5. Bosnia and Herzegovina 6. Germany 7. Russia 8. Switzerland 9. Serbia 10. Canada 11. Mexico 12. USA 13. Argentina 14. Brazil 15. Venezuela 16. Nigeria 17. Nepal. 18. India 19. Malaysia 20. Federated States of Micronesia 21. Myanmar 22. United Arab Emirates 23. Pakistan 24. Saint Kitts and Nevis 25. Sudan. 26. South Sudan 27. Somalia. 28. Ethiopia.
The remaining countries are united.
United country - a form of government in which its parts are administrative-territorial units and do not have the status of public education.

Unlike a federation, in a single state, there are the highest powers of state power, common for the whole country, a single legal system, a single constitution. Most countries are united.

It is difficult to argue that Africa is an outstanding continent in all respects. It is the second largest continent in terms of population and area. At the same time, the political map of Africa confirms that this territory accounts for about 20% of all terrestrial land.

And nature is definitely unique, because in any subregion there are its unusual sights, not like anything.

The Black continent is oriented vertically - from north to south, while only hot climate zones are found here. There are coasts of two oceans - the Pacific and the Atlantic. African lands are washed by two well-known seas - the Red and the Mediterranean.

The mainland itself is divided by world scientists into subregions, usually five are distinguished by geographical data:

• Northern;
• Central;
• West;
• Oriental;
• South.

In this part of the world there is a significant number of states and other entities, which the political map of Africa in Russian displays. There are 62 of them, and 8 of the total number are dependent territories.

These countries can be classified according to various parameters, depending on the surrounding water bodies, the following countries are recorded:

• island (10);
• intracontinental (15);
• with extensive sea and ocean coasts (37).

Many countries are popular with tourists due to:

• natural conditions;
• historical heritage;
• unique wildlife.

Europeans are most likely to come to North Africa, as this region is the closest located, and the local tourism industry has been working for many years, expanding and adapting to such visitors.

A lot of travelers are eager to get into, and after all, the local nature is perfectly combined with the civilization inherent in many resorts.

Among African countries on the political map of Africa for vacation often choose these:

• Egypt (interested in the heritage of ancient civilization);
• Morocco (interesting Arab traditions and culture);
• Republic of South Africa (the incomparable safari will be remembered forever);
• Zambia and Zimbabwe (amazing Victoria Falls and Lake Chad);
• Tanzania (with numerous national parks and Kilimanjaro);
• Kenya;
• Namibia;
• Zanzibar.

Political map of Africa in Russian

Even in the last century, the political map of Africa had a completely different look, different from the modern one. It is connected with the widespread colonization of the continent by European states, which began in the 16th century.

The middle of the 20th century became a turning point in this process, then the country and its other parts quickly began to gain independence, tortured by centuries.

Formed in 1963, the Organization of African Unity promoted the resumption of indigenous power and defended sovereignty.

The League of Arab States, which appeared in 1945, also played a special role in history, especially the countries of North Africa collaborating with the Middle East.

The then-new political map of Africa in Russian depicted the difficult situation on the continent, because suddenly established borders in the process of decolonization turned into numerous civil wars between peoples living nearby.

And yet, at the moment, many countries in Africa are breathing not only freely, but also peacefully, although to this day the process of forming the map has not been completed, as new states periodically appear, which are not yet recognized by the world.

The North African region is the closest to Europe and the Middle East, so their influence here is maximum. The countries here are significant in the mainland.

On the political map of Africa in Russian there are such countries of North Africa:

• Egypt;
• Morocco;
• Sudan;
• Libya;
• Algeria;
• Tunisia;
• Mauritania;
• West Sahara.

Moreover, in Morocco there are two enclaves belonging to Spain:

• Melilla
• Ceuta.

Sub-Saharan Africa is separated from the Eastern subregion by the Cameroon Mountains. Here are the following states:

• Senegal;
• Cape Verde;
• Sierra Leone;
• Burkina Faso;
• Niger, Nigeria;
• Cote d’Ivoire;
• Mali
• Liberia;
• Ghana;
• Togo;
• Guinea, Guinea-Bissau;
• Gambia;
• Benin.

The central part of the Black Continent is amazingly rich in wildlife resources, it is located in the equator region, so there is a significant amount of rainforest and water. And the countries here are as follows:

• Central African Republic;
• Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
• Cameroon;
• Angola
• Equatorial Guinea;
• Gabon.

On the coastal islands are Principe and Sao Tome.

The history of the Eastern subregion is complex, which is associated with the incorrect creation of interstate borders by the colonialists. However, modern development processes are still adamantly moving forward in states:

South Africa includes:

• Republic of South Africa;
• Zimbabwe;
• Botswana
• Swaziland
• Namibia
• Lesotho;
• Mozambique.

There are also island states:

• Madagascar;
• Reunion;
• Mauritius;
• Comoros
• Seychelles.

Africa is the second largest continent in the world, and primacy belongs to Eurasia.

Interesting facts about African countries:

• Algeria is the largest country in Africa. More than 80% of the territory is occupied by the Sahara desert.
• Angola The capital of Angola - Luanda is considered the most expensive city to live in, but at the same time 50% of the country's population can not read and write.
• Benin is a small country known for the town of Weed, which is considered a stronghold of the Voodoo religion. Benin is one of the countries of Africa, which completely provides itself with all necessary food products.
• Botswana is one of the little-studied countries in Africa. More than 70% of the territory is desert.
  
  
• Burkina Faso is a state with a very low standard of living. It is rarely possible to meet a person over 65 in the country. Tourists visit the country extremely rarely.
• Burundi is a country in which there are no hospitals. In the whole country there are only about 200 doctors and nurses, therefore the level of medical care is one of the lowest in the world.
• Gabon is one of the most stable and wealthiest on the African continent. About 80% of the country's territory is occupied by tropical forests.
• The Gambia is the smallest country in Africa.
• Ghana is the first state in West Africa to gain independence from the British people.
• Guinea is a leader in bauxite reserves. Included in the 10 poorest countries in the world.
• Guinea-Bissau. There are no power plants in the country. Electricity is supplied from city generators and is turned on for only 2-3 hours a day.
• Democratic Republic of the Congo. The main attraction of the republic is the Congo, which is one of the deepest in the world.
• Djibouti is one of the driest countries in the world.
• Egypt is one of the cheapest and most popular resorts in the world. It is famous for its developed infrastructure in tourist cities. But outside the tourist area, the Egyptians live very poorly. It is in Egypt that one of the seven wonders of the world is located - the pyramid of Cheops.

  One of the wonders of the world is the Cheops Pyramid. Egypt

• Zambia is the first country in Africa to start making banknotes not of paper, but of plastic. The most visited place by tourists is the village of artisans Mukuni.
• Zimbabwe. One of the world exporters of coffee. The country has a very high unemployment rate in 2020 - about 80%.
• Cape Verde is a country of 18 islands. The state is engaged in the production and export of shoes.
• Cameroon. Half of the state’s territory is occupied by forests, in which the largest goliath frogs in the world live. The population lives below the poverty line, but despite this, the people of Cameroon are always hospitable and good-natured towards tourists.
• Kenya is the country with the largest international airport in East Africa. Kenya is different from other states. There are no seasons in the country, only seasons exist: dry and rainy.
• Comoros. A country where it is impossible to pay with a bank card. There are not even ATMs in the state.
• Congo is known for the most dangerous sleeping volcano in the world - Newiragongo.
• Cote d’Ivoire. The state has more than 60 peoples. It is in this country that the largest church in the world is located.
• Lesotho is located in the highlands. There are two diamond mines in the country.
• Liberia. The country has not fully recovered after the war in 1980. The population lives below the poverty line. The only country in the world where there are no traffic lights.
• Libya. 90% of the area is covered by desert. A state with a very limited number of animals and plants. The lack of flora and fauna is provoked by an arid climate.
• Mauritius is a tourist resort that ranks second in terms of living on the African continent.
• Mauritania. All the rivers in this country dry up in the summer, except for one - Senegal. 100% of the population of Mauritania profess Islam.
• Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world. The country is the world's first producer of vanilla.
• Malawi is the poorest republic of Africa. The country is known for its orchids; there are more than 400 species of them in the state.
• Mali The country is one of the first places in the world in gold exports.
• Morocco is a tourist country, which is visited annually by more than 10 million tourists. In the country, namely in Casablanca, there is the highest religious building - the Hassan Mosque 2.
• Mozambique. About 25% of the country's population do not consider themselves followers of any faith, although they are not atheists. In Mozambique, meat is a rarity.
• Namibia. On its territory is the largest underground lake in the world. Tourists are attracted to Namibia by the “skeleton coast” - a surf line strewn with whale skeletons.

  "Skeleton Coast" - one of the most memorable places

• Niger. About 80% of the republic’s territory is occupied by the Sahara desert. Niger is the first in the world in terms of fertility.
• Nigeria is the first country in Africa in terms of population. The country is engaged in the extraction and export of oil and oil products.
• Rwanda is the country with the highest inhabitants on the planet. There are no railways or trams in Rwanda. The country is one of the few in Africa that does not experience a shortage of drinking water.
• Sao Tome and Principe are islands that are extinct volcanoes. The islands are popular with a local attraction - Usta Ada (a place in the rocks where a jet of sea water beats).
• Swaziland is a state with 2 capitals: Mbabane and Lobamba. The king rules the country, but his power is partially limited by parliament. The republic ranks first in the world in the number of HIV-infected people.
• Seychelles - one of the most expensive resorts in the world. Seychelles comprises 115 islands, of which only 33 are inhabited.
• Senegal. The national symbol of this country is baobab. In the capital of Senegal, the famous Paris-Dakar rally is held annually.

  Rally Paris-Dakar - a dream for many

• Somalia is one of the most armed countries in the world. For locals, the constant carrying of a firearm is considered the norm. Somalia is a country with anarchy.
• Sudan is a state where marriages with deceased people are allowed at the legislative level. Sudan is the world's largest importer of gum arabic.
• Sierra Leone One of the poorest countries in the world. Half of the population of the republic cannot read and write.
• Tanzania. A third of the country is occupied by nature reserves. The republic is characterized by a low level of education. According to statistics, only half of Tanzania's children attend school. The country has 2 capitals and the largest crater in the world - Ngorongoro.
• Togo is a country known for the largest traditional market in the world where absolutely everything can be purchased. Togo is a country of contrasts, where monolithic elite high-rises are bordered by the mud houses of the poor.
• Tunisia is a popular tourist country, famous not only for its unique culture and nature, but also for the Sahara Rose. This crystal is formed in the desert from salt and sand. Many tourists as a souvenir purchase a crystal for decorating aquariums and houses.

  The amazing phenomenon "Rose of the Sahara"

• Uganda is the youngest republic in the world. The average age of Uganda is 15 years. The country houses one of the deepest lakes in the world - Albertina.
• The CAR is a state with incredible reserves of uranium, gold, oil and diamonds. But despite this, the country is included in the 30 poorest republics of the world.
• Chad. The country is named after Lake Chad, which is located on its territory. The country is completely missing rail links. This republic impresses with its dry and arid climate, the maximum temperature in the shade in summer reaches 56 degrees Celsius.
• Equatorial Guinea is a state in which the earth is painted bright red due to the special composition of the soil. In Equatorial Guinea, gold mining is available to all comers.
• Eritrea is one of the poorest countries on the planet. Eritrea has no national language. This country has become famous in the world thanks to the 30-year war for independence.
• Ethiopia is the most populated state on the planet, landlocked. Ethiopia is an agricultural country where cereals, sugarcane, potatoes and cotton are grown.
• South Africa is the most diverse national republic of the African continent. The Republic of South Africa is the most developed country in Africa.
• South Sudan is one of the least developed republics of Africa. The country lacks even water supply. South Sudan is famous for constant civil wars and political upheavals.

The area of \u200b\u200bSouth Africa is 3.1 million square meters. km The region is characterized by the development of the mining industry.

Table: South Africa

North Africa is washed by the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea.. Area - about 10 million square meters. km Most of this part of the African continent is occupied by the Sahara desert.

Table: North African Countries

West Africa is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. Covers the regions of Sahel and Sudan. This part of the continent is leader in the number of diseases of HIV infection and malaria.

Table: West African countries

State	Area	State population	Capital
Benin	112 620	10 741 458	Porto Novo, Cotonou
Burkina Faso	274,200	17 692 391	Ouagadougou
Gambia	10 380	1 878 999	Banjul
Ghana	238 540	25 199 609	Accra
Guinea	245 857	11 176 026	Conakry
Guinea bissau	36 120	1 647 000	Bissau
Cape Verde	4 033	523 568	Praia
Cote d’Ivoire	322 460	23,740,424	Yamoussoukro
Liberia	111 370	4 294 000	Monrovia
Mauritania	1 030 700	3 359 185	Nouakchott
Mali	1 240 000	15 968 882	Bamako
Niger	1 267 000	23 470 530	Niamey
Nigeria	923 768	186 053 386	Abuja
Senegal	196 722	13 300 410	Dakar
Sierra leone	71 740	5 363 669	Freetown
Togo	56 785	7 154 237	Lome

The states of Central Africa in 2020 have a very good range of natural resources, which is why countries are not only actively developing the industrial sector, but are also leading subjects of foreign trade of the African continent.

Table: Central African countries

State	Area	State population	Capital
Angola	1 246 700	20 172 332	Luanda
Gabon	267 667	1 738 541	Libreville
Cameroon	475 440	20 549 221	Yaounde
Democratic Republic of the Congo	2 345 410	77 433 744	Kinshasa
Congo	342 000	4 233 063	Brazzaville
Sao Tome and Principe	1001	163 000	Sao tome
CAR	622 984	5 057 000	Bangui
Chad	1 284 000	11 193 452	N'Djamena
Equatorial Guinea	28 051	740 743	Malabo

East Africa occupies a high part of the mainland. It is in this part is the highest point in Africa - Kilimanjaro. Most of the territory is savannahs. East Africa has the largest number of national and protected parks. East Africa is characterized by a place of frequent civil wars and armed conflicts.

Table: East African Countries

State	Area	State population	Capital
Burundi	27 830	11 099 298	Bujumbura
Djibouti	22 000	818 169	Djibouti
Zambia	752 614	14 222 233	Lusaka
Zimbabwe	390 757	14 229 541	Harare
Kenya	582 650	44 037 656	Nairobi
Comoros (Comoros)	2 170	806 153	Moroni
Mauritius	2040	1 295 789	Port louis
Madagascar	587 041	24 235 390	Antananarivo
Malawi	118 480	16 777 547	Lilongwe
Mozambique	801 590	25 727 911	Maputo
Rwanda	26 338	12 012 589	Kigali
Seychelles	451	90 024	Victoria
Somalia	637 657	10 251 568	Mogadishu
Tanzania	945 090	48 261 942	Dodoma
Uganda	236 040	34 758 809	Kampala
Eritrea	117 600	6 086 495	Asmara
	1 104 300	90 076 012	Addis Ababa
South Sudan	619 745	12 340 000	Juba

On the territory of the African continent there are 55 countries that are washed:

1. The Mediterranean Sea.
2. The Red Sea.
3. Indian ocean.
4. Atlantic ocean.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe African continent is 29.3 million square kilometers. If we take into account the islands near Africa, the area of \u200b\u200bthis continent increases to 30.3 million square kilometers.

The African continent occupies approximately 6% of the entire globe.

The largest country in Africa is Algeria. The area of \u200b\u200bthis state is 2 381 740 square kilometers.

Table. Largest states in Africa:

List of the largest cities by population:

1. Nigeria - 166 629 390 people. In 2017, it was the most populated country in Africa.
2. Egypt - 82 530 000 people.
3. Ethiopia - 82 101 999 people.
4. Republic of the Congo. The population of this country in Africa is 69 575 394 inhabitants.
5. Republic of South Africa. In South Africa, 50 586 760 people lived in 2017.
6. Tanzania. 47 656 370 people live in this country of Africa.
7. Kenya. In this African country, the population is 42,749,420.
8. Algeria. In this country of tropical Africa, 36,485,830 people live.
9. Uganda - 35 620 980 people.
10. Morocco - 32,668,000 people.

Map of Africa from the satellite. Explore Africa satellite map online in real time. A detailed map of Africa is based on high-resolution satellite imagery. As close as possible, a satellite map of Africa allows you to explore in detail the streets, individual houses and attractions of Africa. A satellite map of Africa easily switches to the regular map mode (map).

Africa - part of the world, which includes mainland Africa and numerous islands. By area, Africa is the second continent after. Africa is washed by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In total, Africa has 55 states, 5 unrecognized countries and as many dependent island countries. According to scientists, Africa is the cradle of mankind, because it was on the territory of this continent that the remains of hominids, the ancient ancestors of modern man, were discovered.

The climate in Africa is diverse. This is the only continent that includes climatic zones, starting from the southern subtropical and ending with the northern subtropical. Since Africa is crossed by the equator, and in many areas there is little rainfall, there is no natural climate control in Africa.

In terms of nature and wildlife, Africa is the most exotic continent with a wide variety, contrasts and beautiful unique landscapes and landscapes that can hardly be seen anywhere else.

Africa - A real storehouse of various attractions that relate to various civilizations and peoples. The most popular and visited African attractions are the Egyptian pyramids, Serengeti reserves, Victoria Falls. In Africa, the modernity of large states and the identity of small, few nations and tribes are harmoniously combined.

The African world is not just beautiful, unique and inimitable. It is such exoticism that attracts tourists. Africa is a fairly hospitable country, and any traveler will find entertainment to his taste. In Africa, you can go surfing, diving, ecotourism or prefer a quiet and measured vacation on the lakes or on the ocean or sea. Africa is also famous for its desert and national park safaris.

The mainland occupies 1/5 of the world's land and is inferior in size. The population is over 600 million people. Currently, there are more than 50 sovereign states on the continent, most of which were colonies until the middle of the 20th century.

European colonization began in this region from the 16th century. Ceuta and Melilla - rich cities in (on the territory), the final points of the Trans-Sahara trade route - were the first Spanish colonies. The West coast of Africa was then mainly colonized. By the beginning of the 20th centuries The "black continent" was already divided by the imperialist powers into dozens of colonies (see atlases of the New and Contemporary History 9, 10, 11 of the high school).

Almost all African countries are typologically grouped. The exception is the only economically developed state on the continent - the Republic of South Africa.

The successes of the struggle of African states to strengthen political and economic independence very much depend on what political forces are in power.

In 1963, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) was established. Its goals are to help strengthen the unity and cooperation of the states of the continent, protect their sovereignty, and fight against all forms of neocolonialism.

Another influential organization is the League of Arab States (LAS), formed in 1945. It includes the Arab countries of North Africa and countries. The League stands for strengthening the economic and political cooperation of the Arab peoples.

Most of the countries of Africa from the era of wars of independence fell into the era of civil wars and interethnic conflicts. In many African countries over the years of independent development, the privileged position of an ethnic group whose representatives were in power has become a general rule. Hence the many ethnic conflicts in the countries of this region.

For about 20 years, civil wars continued in Angola and Mozambique; For many years, war, devastation and famine reigned in Somalia. For more than 10 years, the inter-ethnic inter-confessional conflict in Sudan has not stopped (between the Muslim North and adherents of Christianity and traditional beliefs in the south of the country). In 1993, there was a military coup in Burundi, there is a civil war in Burundi and Rwanda. The conflict spread to neighboring states. Civil wars are not uncommon in (the first of the countries of "black Africa", which gained independence in 1847).

Democracy does not take root in - 23 years out of more than 30 years after independence, the country lived under a military regime. In June 1993, democratic elections were held and immediately after that - another military coup, all democratic institutions of power were dissolved again, political organizations, rallies and meetings were banned.

Examples of the struggle for political power can be continued.

Nevertheless, on the map of Africa there are practically no places where the problem of state independence was not solved. The exception is Western, which still has not gained the status of an independent state, despite the 20-year-old struggle for liberation waged by the POLISARIO front. In the near future does the UN intend to hold a referendum in the country - independence or accession to Morocco?

The situation in the Republic of South Africa should be considered separately, where there is a transition from "democracy for the minority" to the non-racial principles of local and central government: the elimination of apartheid and the creation of a unified, democratic and non-racial. Non-racial presidential elections were held for the first time. Elected Mandela - the first black president of South Africa. The former president, Frederic de Klerk, joined the coalition cabinet. South Africa restored (after 20 years of absence) in the rights of a member of the UN.

In conclusion, we note that for many African countries the transition to political pluralism and a multi-party system has become a great test. Nevertheless, it is the stability of political processes in African countries that is the main condition for their further economic development.