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Tselinograd of the Kazakh SSR. Fast train Tselinograd-Astana

Tselinograd (until 1961 - Akmolinsk)

city, center of the Tselinograd region of the Kazakh SSR. Located in the north of the Kazakh Upland, on the right bank of the river. Ishim, at 222 km to S.-Z. from Karaganda. Railway junction highways: Transkazakhstan (Petropavlovsk - Tselinograd - Karaganda - Chu) and South Siberian (Magnitogorsk - Tselinograd - Pavlodar - Kulunda). The airport. 222 thousand inhabitants (1977; in 1939 - 31 thousand, in 1959 - 99 thousand, in 1970 - 180 thousand).

It was founded in 1830 by Russian troops as a fortress of Akmola (Kazakh, ak - white, mola - grave), which became a center of trade and a gathering point for caravans going from Tashkent and Bukhara to European Russia.

From 1832 - the city of Akmolinsk, from 1868 - the district center of the Akmola region (the provincial city of Omsk). Soviet power was established on December 25, 1917 (January 7, 1918). In June 1918 it was captured by the White Guards, liberated by the Red Army on November 26, 1919.Since 1920, it was a part of the Kirghiz (Kazakh) ASSR, in 1920-28 the center of the Akmola province, in 1928-30 - the Akmola district, in 1930-32 a regional center of republican subordination. In 1929 it was connected by railway with Petropavlovsk, in 1931 - with Karaganda. In 1932-39 the regional center of the Karaganda region. Since 1936 in the Kazakh SSR, since 1939 the center of the Akmola region. Since 1954 it has become the organizational center for the development of virgin lands. In 1960-65 the administrative center of the Tselinny Territory; since 1965 the regional center. Ts. Is a large industrial center of Northern Kazakhstan. The most important industrial enterprises are agricultural plants. machines ("Kazakhselmash", "Tselinogradselmash"), pumping, gas equipment, iron foundry, car repair, ceramic plant and others. industry; production of bricks, reinforced concrete products, house-building parts, asphalt, etc. CHP; power lines connect Ts. with Karaganda, Pavlodar, Petropavlovsk, Rudny.

The old part of the city has a rectangular network of streets. Since the 1960s. great construction work unfolded. According to the general plan of 1961-62 (chief architect of the project G. Ya. Gladshtein) on vacant lands in the south-east. the city created new residential areas, built up with multi-storey buildings according to standard designs and public buildings [Tselinnik Palace (Palace of Culture; 1960-64, architects O. Krauklis, D. Danneberg, P. Fogel), Youth House (1974, architects A. T. Polyansky and others), hotel "Ishim", TV center, etc.].

In Ts. - engineering and construction, agricultural, medical and pedagogical institutes; railroad and road transport, machine-building, mechanical and technological, construction, construction transport construction, cooperative, financial and economic technical schools; state farm-technical school; pedagogical and 2 medical schools. Theatre of Drama. Regional Museum of Local Lore.

Lit .: Dubitsky A.F., Where Ishim flows. From the history of Tselinograd and Tselinny region, A.-A., 1965; Dosanov B., Tselinograd, A.-A., 1971.

O. R. Nazarevsky.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

Synonyms:

See what "Tselinograd" is in other dictionaries:

Akmolinsk Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Tselinograd noun, number of synonyms: 4 akmola (4) akmolinsk ... Synonym dictionary

The name of Akmola (in 1832 1961 Akmolinsk) in Kazakhstan ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Akmola Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. M: AST. Pospelov E.M. 2001 ... Geographical encyclopedia

Tselinograd - TSELINOGRAD, the name of the city Akmolinsk in 1961 92. ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

We are all accustomed to seeing Astana as a beautiful and modern city, a large capital with bright buildings and big traffic jams.

Today we invite our readers to get acquainted with the past of our capital. A collection of photographs of Soviet Tselinograd has been published by the author of visualhistory on Livejournal.com.

The top photo is from the Soviet era. The modern photo is below, the author writes about Astana.

The current capital of Kazakhstan was founded in 1830 as a Cossack outpost of Akmola. Gradually, a small fortress grew into the city of Akmolinsk, which by the end of the 19th century became an important commercial and administrative center of the region.

In 1961. Akmolinsk was renamed into Tselinograd as the center of all-Union development of the North Kazakhstan and South Siberian virgin lands.

Tselinograd, 1985, Victory Avenue.

Since the relocation of government bodies to Astana was rather hasty, initially they tried to give Tselingrad a "metropolitan glow" by making cosmetic alterations of existing buildings. Decorative plastic panels were hung on the facades of the Khrushchev houses along the main routes, which were then mercilessly torn off by the fierce steppe wind.

Former Soviet party and administrative buildings on the main square with the help of Turkish builders in short lines turned into the residences of the president and parliament

The building on the right, which became the seat of parliament, in the past, Soviet life.

However, in the 2000s, a grandiose construction "from scratch" of entire blocks of new Astana began with the involvement of foreign architects and builders. New symbols and architectural dominants were created, which from now on will determine the appearance of the city, increasingly obscuring and replacing, breaking the Tselinograd matrix.

Hotel "Ishim"

Store "Children's World"

School of Music

Department store "Moscow"

"Moscow" was demolished several years ago. In front of it, where in the photograph there are benches and fences, a fancy fountain was placed.

The airport

Railwaymen Palace of Culture, located near the train station.

General view of the city with Ishim

All new quarters are located mainly on the left bank, where all government buildings and offices of large companies are now located.

Hotel "Moscow

Automatic machines

The submachine guns are most likely at the wall of the Central Post Office building on Lenin-Abai. Then there were telephones, and after the transfer of the capital, the first to appear there were then fashionable payphones with a card.

The virgin lands palace

The Virgin Lands' Palace has now been rebuilt into the Congress Hall. It is located on the side of the former regional party committee, the former building of the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, now the Akimat (mayor's office) of Astana.

Tselinnikov Avenue (now Republic Avenue).

Mira Street with the Kolos store, 1960s (now the green dividing line is gone).

Lenin street

Now it is called Abai Street, downstairs there are now shops. The trees are gone.

Central supermarket on Lenin Street (now Abai)

This is Akmola, 1995, Republic avenue, before that it was called Tselinnikov Avenue.

Among the largest urban development projects in the territory of the former USSR, the first place, of course, should be given to the city of Astana, where in 1997 the capital of Kazakhstan moved from Alma-Ata.

How the city's appearance has changed over the past 15 years can be illustrated by the example of these two pictures:

Contemporary photo from here.
There are a lot of such impressive views of modern Astana on the Web now, in contrast to the pictures of the forever gone Soviet Tselinograd.

The current capital of Kazakhstan was founded in 1830 as a Cossack outpost of Akmola. Gradually, the small fortress grew into the city of Akmolinsk, which by the end of the 19th century became an important trade and administrative center of the region (see description of Akmolinsk in 1865).
In 1961 Akmolinsk was renamed into Tselinograd as the center of the all-Union development of the North Kazakhstan and South Siberian virgin lands. This Khrushchev project gave a powerful impetus to urban planning activity, and soon the appearance of the city began to be determined by typical Soviet architecture with wide streets and avenues. By the end of the 80s, Tselingrad looked as a whole like a typical Soviet new-built city somewhere in the RSFSR, especially since the population was mostly Russian.

1985:

Many believe that the transfer of the capital to the northern part of the country with a predominantly Slavic population had an important geopolitical meaning for the leadership of the newly independent Kazakhstan. On the site of the Soviet Tselinograd (first renamed Akmola), it was necessary not only to equip a new capital, but to create a completely new city, which would become a symbol of Kazakh statehood, the embodiment of the "Kazakh dream". This project became the favorite brainchild of President Nazarbayev, he even wrote a whole book about it "In the Heart of Eurasia", published in 2005 (he read it with great interest). In the first part of the book (Chapter 1 "The Philosophy of the Capital"), the "ideological base" is just brought up for the construction of Astana, then the actual urban planning and architectural issues are considered.

Since the relocation of government bodies to Astana was rather hasty, initially they tried to give Tselingrad a "metropolitan shine" by making cosmetic alterations of existing buildings. Decorative plastic panels were hung on the facades of the Khrushchev houses along the main routes, which were then mercilessly torn off by the fierce steppe wind.

The former Soviet party and administrative buildings on the main square, with the help of Turkish builders, were transformed into the residences of the president and parliament in short lines:

Compare with the top picture:

The building on the right, which became the seat of parliament, in the past, Soviet life:

Now the actual photo review of Tselinograd 60s - 80s.
I don't know the city at all, so I hope to add captions to some pictures with the help of experts.
1. Station:

In the 1990s, a modern building was added to its side:

2. Hotel "Ishim":

3. Store "Detsky Mir":

4. College of Music:

5. Department store "Moscow", which was later renamed into department store "Kolos" (on the 17th photo it already has a new name:

6. Airport:

7. Palace of Culture of Railwaymen, located near the station:

8. Again hotel "Ishim", Aeroflot ticket office, 1971:

9. General view of the city with Ishim:

All new quarters are located mainly on the left bank, where all government buildings and offices of large companies are now located.

10. Hotel "Moscow":

11. She:

12. Automatic machines:

13. Station in the 1960s:

14. Palace of Virgin Lands:

The Palace of Virgin Lands was rebuilt into the Congress Hall. It is located on the side of the former regional party committee, the former building of the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, now the Akimat (mayor's office) of Astana.

15. House of life:

16. Tselinnikov Avenue (now Republic Avenue):

17. Mira street with the Kolos store, 1960s (now the green dividing line is gone):

18. Lenin Street:

19. Central supermarket:

20. This is Akmola, 1995, Respublika Avenue, before that it was called Tselinnikov Avenue:

This avenue smoothly turns into Pushkin Street.

I will also be glad if you post modern photographs in the comments about the same angle.

How the city's appearance has changed over the past 15 years can be illustrated by the example of these two pictures:

The top photo is from the Soviet era. Contemporary photo from here.
There are a lot of such impressive views of modern Astana on the Web now, in contrast to the pictures of the forever gone Soviet Tselinograd.

1985, the beginning of Victory Avenue:

The former Soviet party and administrative buildings on the main square, with the help of Turkish builders, were transformed into the residences of the president and parliament in short lines:

Compare with the top picture:

The building on the right, which became the seat of parliament, in the past, Soviet life:

2. Hotel "Ishim":

3. Store "Detsky Mir":

4. College of Music:

5. Department store "Moscow":

"Moscow" was demolished a couple of years ago. in front of it, where in the photograph there are benches and fences, a bizarre fountain was placed.

6. Airport:

7. Palace of Culture of Railwaymen, located near the station:

8. Again hotel "Ishim", Aeroflot ticket office, 1971:

Now it is the hotel "Grand Park Esil".

9. General view of the city with Ishim:

All new quarters are located mainly on the left bank, where all government buildings and offices of large companies are now located.

10. Hotel "Moscow":

11. She:

12. Automatic machines:

The submachine guns most likely stand at the wall of the Central Post Office building on Lenin-Abai. Then there were telephones, and after the transfer of the capital, the first to appear there were then fashionable payphones with a card.

13. Station in the 1960s:

14. Palace of Virgin Lands:

The Virgin Lands' Palace has now been rebuilt into the Congress Hall. It is located on the side of the former regional party committee, the former building of the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, now the Akimat (mayor's office) of Astana.

15. House of life:

16. Tselinnikov Avenue (now Republic Avenue):

17. Mira street with the Kolos store, 1960s (now the green dividing line is gone):

18. Lenin Street:

Now it is called Abai Street, downstairs there are now shops (furniture, megasport). The trees are gone.

19. Central supermarket on the street. Lenin (now - Abai):

Now this nine-story building has been so redesigned that it is impossible to recognize. There are now offices and cafes down there (they change often). Opposite this nine-story building: to the left is the museum of the first president, right is the museum park, to the right is the park with the popular name Chupachups, because there is a round fountain in the center.

20. This is Akmola, 1995, Respublika Avenue, before that it was called Tselinnikov Avenue:

I would be glad if you post modern photographs from approximately the same angle in the comments.

The city originally named Akmola, was founded in the first half of the 19th century by a participant in the Battle of Borodino, Colonel Fyodor Shubin. The main goal is to protect the residents of nearby volosts from raids from the Kokand Khanate. Almost a century and a half later (in 1961) the city became the center of virgin lands development and received a new name - Tselinograd.

Even at that time, Khrushchev came to Tselinograd and was going to make the city the capital of the Kazakh SSR, but the verdict of scientists regarding high-rise construction made this idea to be forgotten: in the city it was strictly forbidden to build houses above 6 floors. By the way, the area where high-rise construction is currently being carried out is completely in swamps.

Little remains of the old Tselinograd. Houses - yes, of course, they remained, but somewhere entirely, somewhere only the front side, they have undergone colossal changes. Monuments (not only bronze, but also historical burials) were mostly destroyed. All streets have been renamed; some earlier, some more recently. But still, if a person who has lived in this city for many, many years suddenly returned to it again, he would not be able not to recognize the city. While there is still at least something left of the old Tselinograd, it is necessary to take pictures urgently in order to feel nostalgic from time to time.

Russian Drama Theater named after Gorky.

Once in this building there was a store with an unpretentious name "Dream".

And in this building there was a children's library named after Gaidar (I still owe them a book).

And this area was built up with wooden two-story buildings 15 years ago. On the site of the building, which was shaped like a “$” (Ministry of Finance) sign, at that time there were residential buildings and a music school.

The fountain, popularly called the "globe of Kazakhstan" and the museum of the president of the republic, N. Nazarbayev. At this place there was a square dedicated to the victory in the Second World War. Historians have stated that there are burials there, but the authorities did not believe (or pretended to). During the demolition, it was confirmed that there were indeed burials.

In the place, it seems to me, of the ugliest building in the new capital, there were once wooden houses and a stop for summer residents. A little further behind it is an art gallery.

One of the first converted houses in the capital was the Ministry of Justice.

Victory Avenue. The old buildings are still preserved, but no matter how I arrive, something is constantly changing.

Kazakhstan has its own truth.

On the first floor of a residential building across the street was the once hefty "House of Shoes". Nowadays, a hefty store has been retrained, but the name is still alive among the people.

A very strange building, I don't even remember when it appeared - but definitely in the early years after the formation of the capital.

Former Revolutionary Street. Inside the quarters - all the houses "in a small box".

Mukhtar Auezov street. The former building of the library. Saken Seifullin, and now - the office of the local TV channel. This is how genres replace each other.

Department store "Solnechny".

Youth Palace. And he was inconspicuous, and now such, as it does not stick around outside.

Hotel "Intourist" (later - simply "Tourist").

House of life. A typical household, I have met similar buildings many times in other cities.

Main post office. Almost unchanged.

Book House. Now - the National Bank of Kazakhstan. Once - almost the outskirts of the city (although geographically this is far from the case).

The Orthodox Church of Constantine and Helena is miraculously preserved, apparently because it is located inside the quarter.

In the distance - a former veteran store (I forgot the name, but all my life it was called a veteran).

The College of Medicine is very well modified. Once upon a time, in my opinion, there were 2 buildings (although the memory can fail).

Central Bank building.

Mira street.

And again Victory Avenue. Once upon a time, before my eyes, a house collapsed, in the place of which there is now a three-story building in the center.

His clone still stands next to the collapsed house. View from the yard.

On the left is the building of a children's (or adult's too?) Polyclinic. In the distance - the building of the railway station. On the right is the "Daulet" store (that's what they will never rename for sure, because this is it!).

Opposite the station - the Palace of Culture of Railwaymen (as without it). Nowadays - the Baiseitova Opera and Ballet Theater.

Children's music school №1. Nowadays - the Kazakh College of Arts.

Agricultural (then - Agrarian) University.

A remake that does not fit into the frame.

Tselinenergo. Once, I remember, on this building there was a huge board showing the time and the weather. So, I remember, I often saw numbers on it in my childhood that went off scale for -40, and that was in the order of things. Now, when similar frosts have come to Kazakhstan, everyone is in a panic (southerners come in large numbers!). 😀

Monument to some "biy". Behind them on the right is a former hospital, and now a court (yes, judging, apparently, is more often necessary than curing).

Houses of Parliament. The cladding was made a very long time ago - not long before the transfer of the capital from Almaty.

For a long time - the tallest building in the city (16 floors). Opposite him is a monument: first - to Lenin, then - to nobody, now - Abai Kunanbaev. By the way, about the monument to Lenin - I still remember how around the end of the 80s it was doused with orange paint - an incredibly serious crime for those times! The townspeople reacted with irony.

Museumchik. For a very long time it was the house of a certain merchant, and about 50 meters from him there was his store (before the transfer of the capital - the store "Rainbow"), and so, from the store to the house an underground passage was dug, only once I saw him (the underground passage) looks like.

Somewhere there was a registry office building. Demolished, Herods!

New Museum of Local Lore. Once the outskirts of the city. In its place, an ordinary tractor once stood on a high, high pedestal (well, apparently, this is due to the development of virgin lands). It was so simple, but at the same time recognizable, that even on TV on the central channels (probably one of the two? Or was there still only one?) It was shown.

Having lived for many years in this city, it is difficult to get used to the new year names that the city authorities impose on its residents (in general, old residents rarely use new names for streets, squares, etc.). The situation with these street names is generally strange: well, it is clear that the old Russian names or some irrelevant (Komsomolskaya street, Revolutionary street, etc.) are changed to new, Kazakh ones; but when a street named after one Kazakh figure is renamed, and the first name is assigned to another street, this is, sorry, sheer idiocy.

There are also positive changes. For example, the strangeness of toponymy: on one house, for no reason, no reason, they write "Agrogorodok, 18", while the neighboring houses are on a street with a different name. And the house on the street "Agrogorodok" - one-on-one, for many years put into a stupor post-workers, and just local residents. Today there is no such nonsense.

Part of my childhood passed in this city. It's nice to walk along familiar and unfamiliar streets after so many years, it's a pity that the changes sometimes do not always reflect well on the appearance (it is difficult to judge the rest after so many years).

See what "Tselinograd" is in other dictionaries:

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