Increased protein in the urine of a child 3. Causes of protein in the urine of a child: is it always dangerous? Does protein in urine always indicate pathology

Normally, there should be no trace of protein in the urine of a child. More precisely, they are present there, but in negligible quantities that cannot be identified using the most precise laboratory tests. A high protein in the urine of a child is called proteinuria, and this can indicate serious diseases: cancer, autoimmune, etc.

If the baby has an increase in protein, you should not panic, because this may indicate the physiological state of the body, for which protein in the urine of children is the norm. For example, in infants in the first weeks of life, proteinuria is a variant of the norm... A child's urinary protein level can be as high as 0.3 before the age of 1 month as a result of breastfeeding or high mobility.

It is necessary to regularly determine the level of protein in the urine of a child in laboratory tests. Protein elevations in test results may be normal or abnormal. What does the elevated protein level indicate and how to interpret the results correctly?

The protein indicator in the urine of a child can be 0.1, since the urinary system at an early age does not yet have sufficient blood filtration. A 14-year-old adolescent may have an increase in protein with intense physical exertion, regular consumption of protein foods. It can also happen due to hormonal changes in the body. If the urine is collected incorrectly before the examination (this is especially true for boys who neglected to clean the genitals before delivery), the test results may show inaccurate data.

Reasons for the appearance

Every day, about 30-50 liters of urine is filtered in the kidneys. This is the primary urine, most of it is not excreted from the human body. It is blood plasma in which there are no protein compounds.

Such urine, passing through the kidneys, secretes substances useful for the body, which are absorbed back into the blood cells. Secondary urine, in turn, removes harmful compounds, for example, creatinine, ammonium in the form of salts, urea, and others.

However, urine should not contain protein substances. The volume of secondary urine released in the body per day is called daily diuresis. Protein levels are normal at 0.003 reactive protein per liter. If the tests reveal an increase in protein and red blood cells in the child's urine, the doctor should prescribe an additional examination and appropriate treatment. A pathological increase in erythrocytes in urine is called hematuria..

There are a number of reasons for the appearance of protein in the urine of a child above normal:

• Allergic reaction in an aggravated form.
• Intoxication of the body.
• Tuberculosis.
• Violation of the formation of blood cells.
• The disease is in its early stages.
• Diseases of the urinary tract or kidneys.
• Hypothermia of the body.
• The presence of infections.
• Severe stress.
• Physical exercise.
• Intoxication of the body due to taking medications.
• Starvation.
• The increased content of vitamin D in the body.
• Anemia.

It is possible to identify the causes of proteinuria only with the help of laboratory tests. To do this, you should visit a pediatrician who will give a referral to a urologist, nephrologist or hematologist.

Symptoms that should alert parents

First of all, you should pay attention to the well-being of the baby. Do not worry if the tests show proteinuria, but the child has no complaints. However, with an increased level of protein and clear signs of a disorder of the body, one should be wary.

With a pathological increase in protein, the following may occur: swelling of the hands, feet, face, vomiting, deterioration of the general condition of the body, as well as an increase in body temperature. Protein significantly affects the clarity of urine, as a result of which, it becomes cloudy and turns brown or red.

Parents should be vigilant with the development of drowsiness, rapid fatigue in children, as well as with poor appetite.

In case of vomiting, give to the child to stay hydrated. The severity of symptoms depends on the site of inflammation in the body. For example, in cases of cystitis, repeated urination may occur, accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen.

Signs of an elevated level

Mild proteinuria is usually not reflected in the baby's condition. External symptoms can be seen with a significant increase in protein in the urine. Signs of an increase in reactive protein in urine include:

• pain in the bones;
• dark shade of urine;
• frequent urination;
• intense thirst;
• swelling of the lower extremities;
• swelling of the eyelids after waking up;
• intoxication of the body, manifested in the form of nausea, lack of appetite;
• deterioration of the general condition of the body.

Kidney disease can be painless for a long time. The onset of pain in a baby may occur in a different location than in adults. Children most often complain of pain in the abdomen. We advise you to familiarize yourself with the probable symptoms of diseases that cause pain.

In infants, proteinuria may be normal.

Finding the source of proteinuria in infants is much more difficult., the signs of which may be as follows:

• swelling of the eyelids;
• pale skin;
• increased body temperature, while the symptoms characteristic of a cold are absent;
• disturbed sleep, child (in the case of a newborn or baby).

Impaired renal function in infants can result from tissue edema. It is possible to identify this by the residual traces of diaper rubber bands or sliders.

Types of proteinuria

An increase in the level of protein in urine indicates that the renal functional activity is reduced. The kidneys help cleanse the blood of various toxins and toxins, metabolic products of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

After that, the paired organ removes them from the body by emptying the bladder. Proteins are absorbed back into the bloodstream. As a result of some pathologies, there is a violation of filtration, thereby, proteins enter the urine.

Types of proteinuria:

• Postrenal. It develops with the development of inflammation in the genitourinary organs.
• Renal. It occurs due to the reduced performance of the nephrons. As a consequence, they cannot absorb large molecular weight proteins.
• Penal. Appears when there is an excess of proteins in the circulatory system.

There is also an orthostatic increase in protein, which manifests itself in adolescence due to unstable hormonal levels. As a rule, such a pathology is considered temporary and does not require drug treatment.

Diagnostics

Without strict guidelines for urine collection, test results may be blurred

To identify protein in the urine of children, the following studies are used:

• general urine analysis (OAM);
• daily examination of urine for protein;
• analysis according to Zimnitsky;
• express test using special strips for diagnostics;
• the Nechiporenko method.

Based on the general analysis of urine, laboratory technicians calculate the protein level in the morning. How to take daily proteinuria? To establish daily proteinuria, it is necessary to collect urine for 24 hours in one sterile container intended for this procedure. A complete urine sample or a portion of it must be sent to the laboratory. Before that, you should determine the daily urine output in ml.

To obtain reliable information on the indicators of protein in urine, you must adhere to the recommendations for urine collection:

1. It is necessary to collect the sample at the appropriate time of day, which is predetermined by the research method.
2. Before urinating, you should wash your baby.
3. The urine collection jar must be sterile.
4. To collect daily urine in children under one year old, urinals should be used, which are sold in any pharmacy.

For more information on the rules for collecting morning urine for the determination of protein in urine, as well as the reasons for its presence in the analyzes, the nephrologist tells in the video:

Decoding the analysis according to the table:

If the results of laboratory tests show an increase in protein and white blood cells in the urine of a child, this may be a sign of serious diseases in the body. An increase in white blood cells is called leukocyturia..

Home testing

Test strips for determining the level of protein in urine can be purchased at pharmacies

You can determine the level of proteinuria yourself using strips that are impregnated with a special reagent.

To do this, you should collect urine, taking into account all the recommendations, then lower the strip into it for a couple of minutes.

Express test results:

• "-": protein is normal or completely absent (less than 10 mg per 100 ml);
• “Color change”: protein traces are found (10-20 mg per 100 ml);
• "1+": moderate increase in protein (no more than 50-60 mg per 100 ml);
• "2+": increased content (up to 100 mg per 100 ml);
• "3+" and "4+": marked renal impairment.

Despite the existence of home testing, a more accurate result can be found with the help of laboratory tests.

Table with the norms of protein in the urine of a child, depending on age:

Proteinuria treatment

Before treating proteinuria, you should find out the exact cause of its occurrence. To do this, it is necessary to pass some tests, after which the doctor will be able to prescribe medications:

1. Antibiotics
2. Anti-inflammatory drugs.
3. Diuretics
4. Steroid medicines.
5. Means for lowering sugar. Products that lower its level are described.
6. Medication for hypertension.

In addition to medicines, it is necessary to normalize nutrition and water regime. In the event that the child's urine protein is increased, pediatricians prescribe diet number 7, in which there is a low protein content, and the level of fats and carbohydrates remains normal.

All medicines that are presented above are strictly prohibited to be used without a medical prescription. Self-medication can worsen the condition of the child's body and lead to the development of complications.

ethnoscience

Traditional medicines are quite effective in treating high protein levels. However, they should only be taken after a visit by a pediatrician.

Traditional medicines help get rid of puffiness, support the immune system and lead to.

The following are agents that are effective in treating proteinuria. Take in the absence of allergies to the components included in the composition. Consume 100-150 ml three times a day.

• cranberry and lingonberry fruit drinks;
• pumpkin juice with pulp;
• decoction of parsley root, rose hips or birch buds;
• infusion of parsley seeds or fir bark.

If an allergic reaction occurs (see article about) or deterioration of health, you must stop using the listed drinks.

Prevention

For prevention purposes, the following recommendations should be followed:

1. Monitor the baby's water regime, as well as exclude the use of all drinks with gas and juices in packages.
2. Maintain strict control over the children's diet, minimize the intake of fatty and salty foods.
3. Hardening, massage, especially when coughing (see details), ventilate the living space.
4. Get tested at least twice a year.
5. Monitor your baby's regular urination.
6. Prevent hypothermia of the child's body.
7. Treat any disease to the end.

By observing these simple preventive measures, it is possible to prevent the development of diseases of the kidneys and organs of the urinary system. In the event that proteinuria has occurred, you should not postpone visiting a specialist.

Protein in the urine of a child, if he is healthy, should not be present. It can appear in the urine in many pathologies and most often in kidney or urinary tract diseases. Table of normal values \u200b\u200bof protein in urine for children from birth to 16 years.

It is recommended to donate a child's urine for its general analysis once a year to be sure of his health. If a child is to be vaccinated or is sick, then a urine test is mandatory.

Can there be protein in the urine of a healthy child?

The kidneys of the child cleanse the blood of toxic and unnecessary substances, the size of which is small. Such substances are urea, uric acid, creatinine, indican, ammonium salts, etc.

Substances useful for the body, amino acids, glucose are absorbed back into the blood (reabsorbed) from the "primary" urine, which is blood plasma without high molecular weight proteins.

During a day, about 30-50 liters of "primary" urine is filtered through the kidneys of a small child, and "secondary" urine is excreted by the kidneys. daily diuresis. In an adult, 160-180 liters of primary urine pass through the kidneys per day, and the daily volume (diuresis) is 1-2 liters. A child's daily urine volume depends on his age, weight or body surface area, and health status.

If the child is healthy, then there will be no protein in the urine, or a small amount may be found, i.e. "Traces" that are not determined by conventional methods. With its low concentration, up to 0.033-0.036 g / l of urine (30-50 mg / l), parents and pediatrician should not be worried.

A urine test to determine the total protein (Urinalis, Protein total) is prescribed by the doctor to detect kidney disease and monitor the treatment process.

Analysis methods

Protein in urine is determined in a laboratory using quantitative and qualitative methods or samples. In a healthy baby, its amount can be determined up to 100 mg / day using Lowry's highly sensitive quantitative method. Using a qualitative Geller test, its content can be determined up to 30-60 mg / day. A qualitative test using a 3% sulfosalicylic acid solution is considered more sensitive, and the method for its determination by pyrogallol is also used.

Known and semi-quantitative method of determination using indicator test strips as express diagnostics. It is used in medical institutions, diagnostic laboratories, medical institutions and at home.

Using the express method allows you to quickly get an answer. The indicator strip is immersed in urine for 2-3 seconds, removed and after 60 seconds the staining of the indicator element is assessed. If there is protein in the urine, the indicator is colored, if not, it remains unchanged.

Urine is a biological fluid of the body, which, as an indicator, indicates a violation of the function of organs and, first of all, of the kidneys and urinary tract.

Normal values

The calculated body surface area is used to calculate the amount of proteinuria: mg protein / m2 of child's body surface. Two methods for calculating its content in healthy children are presented in the table.

Table - The norm of protein in the urine of a child

Child's age	mg / l	mg / m 2
1st month (premature)	90-840	90-370
1st month (full term)	95-456	69-310
1-12 months	71-310	48-244
2-4 years	46-218	37-223
4-10 years old	51-224	32-235
10-16 years old	45-391	22-181

Temporary increase

In the first days, 85-90% of newborns experience physiological proteinuria, due to increased permeability of the epithelium of the glomeruli and tubules against the background of the hemodynamic features of the newborn. The child adapts to new living conditions, his metabolism increases, the functions of organs are activated, and kidney function also improves over time.

Physiologic proteinuria is sometimes observed with excessive breastfeeding, when kidney function in the newborn is still reduced. Protein in the urine of an infant is not considered a pathology if the child is healthy. Infants' urine may be slightly cloudy after feeding, proteins appear in it as a result of overfeeding. To eliminate this, the dose of milk consumed by the child is reduced so that there is no overfeeding.

In addition, the reasons for the temporary appearance of small amounts of protein can be:

• hypothermia;
• nervous disorder, psychosis;
• high body temperature;
• allergy;
• dehydration;
• burn;
• long-term medication;
• insolation (reaction to exposure to sunlight);
• stress (, prolonged crying).

When the protein content of the child's urine is low, then no symptoms appear. Sometimes in healthy children, it can appear when the child is active and in an upright position. This is called "orthostatic" or "lordotic" proteinuria, because in the prone position, protein does not enter the urine. The baby does not need special treatment; over time, everything will return to normal.

Usually, a week after birth, the amount of protein in the urine decreases, and after 2-3 weeks, only its "traces" remain in the urine. Its small content in a newborn is not considered a pathology and does not require special treatment. If the protein is elevated even after 2-3 weeks, proteinuria is considered pathological.

If the protein in the urine of a newborn or baby is very high, then the child needs a thorough examination, which allows to timely identify the pathology of the kidneys, bladder or ureters.

According to statistics, kidney and urinary tract diseases are very common in infants. The reasons for this can be hereditary diseases, fetal malformations, intrauterine infection, birth trauma, hypoxia during childbirth, infection in the hospital, bacterial or fungal infection at home.

Therefore, the condition of the baby must be closely monitored and regularly tested for urine. This control is especially important if close relatives have a history of pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, urolithiasis.

Parents should pay special attention to swelling of the child's lower extremities, periorbital area of \u200b\u200bthe face (area around the eyes), traces of tight clothing, pallor of the skin, anxiety during urination, and increased body temperature.

A decrease in the content of albumin in the blood (hypoalbuminemia) below 35 g / l leads to a decrease in oncotic pressure. Albumin retains water in the blood, therefore, when they decrease, water from the bloodstream enters the tissues, edema is observed.

Increase in urine protein in diseases

When a child's urine protein is elevated, the reasons for this are due to the following diseases:

Proteinuria indicates a decrease in proteins in the blood of a sick baby (hypoproteinemia). Blood proteins perform many important functions in a child's body, maintaining their physiological status. A decrease in the content of proteins in the blood can cause the appearance of the following symptoms:

• rapid fatigability (it is difficult for a child to suck);
• drowsy state;
• poor appetite;
• high temperature;
• nausea (as a result of intoxication);
• changed color of urine (red, brown).

If symptoms appear that indicate an unhealthy state of the child, it is necessary to take blood and urine tests and, with their results, consult a pediatrician.

Types of proteinuria

What does protein in urine mean in a child? An increase in its content, proteinuria, can be of three types.

• Prerenal. This proteinuria is also called adrenal. Its occurrence may be the result of pathologies:
  • Lymphoma. Malignant tumor lesion of the lymphatic system.
  • Multiple myeloma (plasmacytoma)... Malignant tumor of the bone marrow. Its cells secrete Bens-Jones low molecular weight protein and paraproteins into the blood.
  • Monocytic leukemia... Malignant tumor of the blood system. Monocytes (leukocytes) produce large amounts of proteins and lysozyme.
  • Myopathy. Chronic hereditary muscle disease, impaired muscle metabolism. Myoglobin appears in the urine.
  • Increased hemolysis... The appearance of hemoglobin in the urine (hemoglobinuria) is observed.
  • Intoxication. Long-term use of certain drugs (analgin, salicylates, sulfonamides, penicillin, cyclosporine) or ingestion of poisons into the body.
• Renal. It occurs due to renal pathology. Inflammation of the glomeruli, where urine is filtered, leads to an increase in membrane permeability, so proteins are released into the urine. Observed in kidney pathology:
  • pyelonephritis;
  • glomerulonephritis;
  • tuberculosis;
  • polycystic;
  • amyloidosis.
• Post-renal. This proteinuria is observed with inflammation of the urinary tract and genitals:
  • cystitis;
  • urethritis;
  • inflammation of the ureters.

The literature describes the simplest, most reliable, which does not require special medical knowledge, a method for determining protein in urine using special indicator test strips. This method is recommended for regular monitoring of proteinuria. Such monitoring is especially important for children with kidney disease, when the protein in the child's urine is high and requires regular monitoring.

But such a semi-quantitative method is not always effective. For example, if a child has multiple myeloma, then daily urine is analyzed, and specific pathological proteins are determined using 2D electrophoresis. Bens-Jones proteins are determined in the patient's urine, which are not in the body of a healthy child.

Determination of the total protein content in urine collected per day (24-hour Urine Protein) cannot give an answer about the cause of the disease and does not allow determining the type of proteinuria. Therefore, in some cases, additional methods of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics are required, which a doctor can prescribe.

Only a qualified specialist, pediatrician or nephrologist can answer the question of what is the reason for the appearance of protein in the urine, and provide full medical care.

Conclusion

A healthy child should not have protein in the urine, or sometimes a small amount of it, "traces of protein", can be detected.

Protein appears in the urine in many diseases, but most often in kidney or urinary tract pathology. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly monitor urine for the presence of protein, so that a diagnosis is made on time and treatment is started.

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14.08.2017

With the normal functioning of organs and systems, protein in the body of a little man should not be present.

It can be detected only as a result of pathological changes, with ailments that affect the system of the renal structures and the urinary system.

Prevention

In preventive measures, it is necessary to take a general analysis of the child's urine, once a year, in order to be sure of his state of health. If, however, the baby is scheduled for vaccinations, or he is sick, it is necessary to take a general urine test.

The kidneys of a healthy person and a child in particular work to cleanse and remove foreign, toxic substances from the body. These types of substances are urea and its derivatives, as well as ammonium salts and indican.

Substances and compounds necessary for the body, such as glucose and amino acids, return to the bloodstream, being absorbed from the primary urine. Normally, up to 55 liters of blood plasma is filtered in a child, while up to 175 liters in an adult.

In the presence of residual fractions of protein compounds in the urine of a child, the amount of which is up to 50 mg per 1 liter, should not cause concern.

If the protein content rises to one gram per liter, this may be an indication that minor changes are taking place in the body. If protein compounds reach 3 grams per 1 liter, this means a significant increase, and is called proteinuria.

Diagnostic methods

In order to determine the amount of protein in urine, it is necessary to undergo special laboratory tests. For children, protein determination is used using the Lowry highly sensitive quantitative method. This method allows you to determine up to 100 mg in one day. A method called Geller's test is considered less sensitive, with which it is possible to determine the content up to 45 mg in one day.

The most sensitive is a quality sample using a 3% sulficilic acid solution. Test strip based detection methods are also used and are referred to as rapid diagnosis. This verification method can be convenient even at home.

This type of diagnostics allows you to get a result much faster. To do this, it is necessary to lower the strip for a few seconds into the previously collected urine. Within one minute, you can evaluate the results obtained.

Short term protein boost

As soon as the baby is born, he has proteinuria of a physiological nature, since the baby's kidneys are of considerable size. The permeability of the glomerular epithelium is increased. Getting used to new living conditions, his metabolism increases significantly, the functions of systems and organs begin to become more active, and the functionality of the renal structures improves over time.

Often, such a process can be observed during breastfeeding, through measure, and kidney function is reduced. Protein fractions are not considered a pathological change in this case. After the newborn has eaten, his urine may be unclear. In order to eliminate this, it is advisable to reduce the dose of milk that the baby consumes.

In addition, the presence of protein fractions in the urine of a baby, of a temporary nature, can be caused by the following reasons:

• Hypothermia;
• Psychological disorders;
• Increased body temperature;
• Allergic reactions;
• Dehydration;
• Burns;
• Long course of medicines;
• A reaction provoked by prolonged exposure to sunlight;
• Stressful situations.

Most often, the appearance of protein fractions occurs in infants. After a few weeks, everything returns to normal and there is no trace of pathological changes. If the protein remains at a high level, this indicates significant disturbances in the body's systems. The causes of protein in the urine of an infant are:

• Intrauterine infection;
• Trauma during childbirth;
• Oxygen starvation during childbirth;
• Malformations of the baby;
• Introduced infection in the maternity ward;
• Infection with bacteria or fungi at home.

That is why, it is important to monitor the child's condition and take urine tests on time. It is important to remember that children deserve special attention if they have relatives in their family with previous pyelonephritis, inflammation of the glomerular structures of the kidneys, and the presence of calculi.

Increasing protein in a child with diseases

If protein fractions are detected in the analysis of urine in a baby, this may be a consequence of diseases:

• Pathological renal changes - inflammation of the kidneys, kidney tuberculosis, tumor neoplasms;
• Injury to the urinary tract;
• Diabetes;
• Myeloma disease;
• Hemoblastosis;
• Dehydration;
• High blood pressure;
• Epileptic seizures;
• Diseases of an infectious nature.

It is important to remember that proteins enter the urine from the blood, which means that their content in the bloodstream is significantly reduced.But proteins perform a huge number of very important functional tasks in an adult and especially a child's body, supporting its physiological capabilities.

With hypoproteinemia (low protein in the blood), the following symptoms begin to appear:

• Quick fatigue - newborn gets tired of sucking
• Drowsiness
• Lack of appetite
• Increased body temperature
• Nausea
• Eruption of gastric contents
• Change in urine color - it can acquire a red or brown color.

If symptoms are present, it is important to see a specialist as soon as possible.

If protein is found in the urine of a child, this is not always considered by doctors as a sign of pathology. The age of the baby and the concentration of this substance are important. But in most cases, the appearance of protein cells is a symptom of a disease of the urinary system.

Urinalysis for protein

Urine analysis in children should be carried out at least 1 time in six months. This frequency of research allows early detection of possible violations and the initiation of the necessary treatment. Protein in the urine of a child is detected by laboratory examination of a portion of urine using special samples. Doctors actively use:

1. Lowry's quantitative method - determines the presence of protein in daily urine at a concentration of up to 100 mg / day.
2. Geller's quality test - up to 30-60 mg / day.
3. General analysis according to Nechiporenko.

Indicator test strips can be used if a quick result is required. When immersed in a urine sample, the color of the indicator changes. When comparing the obtained shade with the existing table, the approximate concentration of protein in the urine of the child is established. The advantage of the method is its simplicity and the possibility of using it at home.

When is a urine test ordered?

In most cases, a complete examination of the collected urine sample is done when certain indications are present. For general diagnostics, doctors prescribe a general analysis. This takes into account the volume, color, organoleptic characteristics. Analysis of urine in children according to Nechiporenko with the determination of the protein concentration in the sample is assigned:

• if you suspect a pathology of the urinary system;
• after past infections;
• if you have symptoms that indicate the presence of protein in the urine:

• increased fatigue;
• constant sleepiness;
• headache;
• dizziness;
• decreased appetite;
• temperature increase;
• discoloration of urine;
• unpleasant smell of urine.

Protein in urine is the norm in children

The norm when conducting this kind of research is the complete absence of protein cells. However, there is a permissible concentration - such a protein content in the urine, at which they do not speak of a violation, taking it as the norm. In this case, they say about "traces of protein" in the urine of the child. A similar conclusion is made if the concentration of protein structures in the collected urine sample does not exceed 0.033–0.036 g / l.

It should be noted that with increasing age of the child, the norm of protein in the urine changes. This fact is always taken into account when evaluating the analysis results. In addition, doctors make adjustments for the time of the study: the results of tests taken after the course of therapy may indicate an increased protein in the child's urine. Its norm for different ages of children is shown in the table below.

High protein in urine - what does it mean?

Trying to figure out the result of the analysis obtained, the mother often asks doctors what protein in the child's urine means. Doctors reassure: 85–90% of newborns have physiological proteinuria. This is due to an increase in the permeability of the epithelial tissue of the renal glomeruli and tubules. The child quickly adapts to new environmental conditions for him - the metabolism increases, the functions of organs are activated, and the physiologically increased protein in the urine of a small child is independently normalized.

Talking about what protein in urine means, it should be noted that there are other situations where physiological proteinuria can be observed. This is often the case with excessive breastfeeding. Kidney function in infants is often reduced, so some of the protein can be found in the urine. In this case, the color of urine may also change. Other reasons for the physiological increase in protein in urine include:

• nervous breakdown;
• hypothermia;
• increased body temperature;
• allergic reactions;
• burns;
• dehydration of the body.

Protein in the urine of a child - causes

According to the observations of doctors, high protein in the urine is often a sign of a disorder. To isolate a specific pathology, it is necessary to carry out a complex of all kinds of studies and analyzes. Among the common factors that explain why protein appears in a child's urine are:

• kidney injury;
• multiple myeloma;
• high blood pressure;
• infectious diseases.

Proteinuria always indicates a decrease in protein in the baby's blood. They perform many important functions, therefore, with their lack, the physiological status of the child's body changes. As a result, characteristic symptoms appear:

• fast fatiguability;
• drowsiness;
• increased body temperature;
• decreased appetite;
• nausea.

Why is protein in urine in children dangerous?

An increase in protein in the urine of a child signals possible pathologies of the urinary system. Lack of necessary diagnostics and appropriate therapy can adversely affect the health of the child as a whole. The progression of the disease leads to the spread of infection and inflammation to other internal organs. The pathological process may involve:

• bladder;
• ureters;
• the prostate gland in boys;
• uterus with appendages in girls.

Protein in a child's urine - what to do?

Increased protein in the urine of a child is an indication for a comprehensive examination. Mom must strictly follow all the recommendations and appointments given by the doctor, go through all the prescribed tests and hardware examinations with the baby. You should not make independent attempts to treat the child, as there is a risk of harm to the child's body.

Protein in urine - treatment, drugs

Having found protein in the urine of a child, treatment begins only after the exact cause of the disorder is established. Medicines are selected individually, depending on the type of pathogen, stage of the disease, and the severity of symptoms. The dosage and frequency of administration are also set by the doctor and must be strictly observed by the parents. Among the groups of drugs used, it is necessary to highlight:

• anti-inflammatory drugs: Ibuprofen, Mefenamic acid;
• antibacterial drugs: Penicillin, Amoxicillin;
• diuretics: Veroshprron, Diacarb;
• steroid medications; Methylprednisolone;
• immunostimulants Amiksin, Immunal;
• drugs to control blood pressure; Rauvazan Raunatin Reserpine;
• medicines that regulate blood sugar. Deperzolone, Ultralan.

Protein in urine - folk remedies

Treatment of protein in urine in children can also be carried out with the help of traditional medicine. Such funds are additional as part of complex therapy.

Parsley seeds and roots

Ingredients:

• parsley seeds - 10 g;
• parsley root - 10 g;
• water - 100 ml.

Preparation, application

1. The ingredients are mixed.
2. 1 tbsp. pour a spoonful of the mixture with boiling water, insist.
3. Take 1 tbsp. spoon 4 times a day.

Birch buds

Ingredients:

• birch buds - 2 tbsp. spoons;
• water - 200 ml.

Preparation, application

1. The kidneys are poured into a thermos and filled with boiled, slightly cooled water.
2. Insist 1.5 hours.
3. Give the child 50 ml 3 times a day.

Reading 7 min. Views 10.6k. Posted on 21.11.2018

Did you know that protein in urine does not always indicate kidney pathology? What other diseases can be manifested by such a symptom?

Causes of the appearance of protein in children's urine

Protein in the urine of a child in a significant amount clearly indicates serious pathologies.

What diseases are confirmed by the analysis:

• pyelonephritis;
• urolithiasis disease;
• an excess of vitamin D3;
• diabetes;
• glomerulonephritis;
• kidney injury;
• oncological diseases of the urinary system;
• epilepsy.

Increased protein in combination with elevated leukocytes in the blood indicate a severe inflammatory process.

Against the background of acute respiratory viral infections, bronchitis, tonsillitis, the appearance of overestimated indicators of protein in the urine is also possible. They indicate vulvavaginitis or urethritis, depending on the sex of the child.

Symptoms for pathologically elevated protein

The increased amount of protein in the urine associated with diseases is accompanied by swelling of the face and / or legs. The child is pale, lethargic, refuses food and drink.

Long-term ineffectual attempts to cope with small needs should also alert parents. The kid can often urinate, in small portions, complain of pain and cramps in the process.

With kidney disease, urine becomes cloudy, its color is darker, and sometimes there is an unpleasant odor. An increase in body temperature is possible. It can be both insignificant 37.5º and more critical up to 39º.

When to call an ambulance

The situation may require urgent hospitalization if:

• the child has a fever (body temperature above 38º);
• severe cramping pains in the lower abdomen (in boys, spasms can be given to the scrotum);
• the child has not urinated for a day;
• severe weakness, fainting.

Be sure to inform the ambulance team and the on-call doctors of the hospital about the increased amount of protein in the urine. This will help to make an accurate diagnosis and start timely treatment.

In certain cases, urine becomes a “litmus” for checking the baby's health - whether the level of protein or leukocytes is increased in it.

Does protein in urine always indicate pathology

The protein is slightly increased and we are not talking about pathology. But what does this mean? Pediatricians agree that an increase in indicators within acceptable limits occurs for the following reasons:

• prolonged stress, emotional overload;
• neuroses, psychosis;
• dehydration;
• an excess of protein foods;
• allergies, frequent dermatitis;
• increased physical activity, active training;
• long-term use of certain medications.

If the protein values \u200b\u200bare on the borderline and the analyzes reveal them regularly, an additional ultrasound scan is needed.

Protein norms in baby urine

Complete absence of protein is considered normal for this analysis. But there are tolerances. Their values \u200b\u200bdepend on the age of the child.

Average values \u200b\u200bof protein norms in urine

Increased protein in babies

In 80% of newborns, an increased protein in the urine is found, this is due to physiological immaturity. The phenomenon is not considered a pathology if the indicators do not exceed 1 g / l.

In infants, slightly overestimated values \u200b\u200bare often associated with overeating. An excess of breast milk or formula, older than vegetable or meat complementary foods, provoke the situation. It is important to adjust your diet.

Protein in the urine of a baby can appear with increased emotional stress, fear, hypothermia, but in insignificant quantities. In this case, you need to adjust the daily routine.

It is important to understand that indicators above 1 g / l indicate pathology and additional examinations are needed.

Kidney disease is common in babies if:

• the pregnancy was complicated;
• there is a hereditary predisposition to pathology;
• birth trauma, hypoxia during childbirth.

Infectious diseases transferred during pregnancy also increase the risk of kidney pathologies.

It is most convenient to collect urine from infants using a urine collection bag. A special sterile bag is attached to the child's genitals. The pharmacy sells universal models or special ones for girls and boys.

Increased protein in teen urine

In adolescents, a slight increase in protein indicators (up to 1 g / l) is considered acceptable. This is due to increased physical activity and age-related changes in the body.

Why does protein rise in adolescent urine?

This is due to the physiological restructuring of the body and high physical activity. During the day, while the child is moving, is in an upright position, protein enters the urine, but at night this does not happen.

This condition is called orthostatic proteinuria. To identify it, you must pass several urine samples. In the evening, the child must urinate. In the morning, before he gets up, it is necessary to collect the night portion of urine. A mark is put on the container with it - night. During the day, so-called active urine is collected. Tara with her is marked as day.

If the protein in the urine is associated with the physiological characteristics of growing up in the "night" sample there will be no protein, but "active", its amount should not exceed 1 g / l.

If protein is present in both portions or its amount is high in the daytime, an ultrasound scan will be required to detect pathology.

Treatment of pyelonephritis in children

The disease is acute and chronic. In medical practice, after the first attack, the diagnosis is often made - chronic pyelonephritis.

In acute form, the child needs hospital treatment. Its duration is about three weeks. But much depends on the specific case, the individual characteristics of the course of the disease.

After being discharged from the hospital, children are treated at home under the supervision of a pediatrician and nephrologist. You must follow a diet that limits the amount of salt, spices, fatty foods. Be sure to drink plenty of fluids.

The child will have to visit a nephrologist every two or three months and have a regular urine test. Every six months, do an ultrasound of the kidneys and urinary tract. If within two years the disease does not manifest itself, it is removed from the register with a nephrologist.

If the protein is elevated in the urine due to diabetes or other diseases. Therapy will target the root cause.

In some cases, it is enough to follow a diet for two, three months, regularly take a urine test.

Eating errors can lead to increased protein in the urine. Most often, young children from 3 to 7 years old suffer from this.

To remedy the situation, they limit protein foods - meat, fatty fish. Salt and spices are prohibited, as they also increase the load on the kidneys.

The child is recommended to eat more fiber-rich foods - fresh vegetables, fruits, whole grain bread. In order not to completely exclude protein from the diet, it includes a sufficient amount of cottage cheese, fermented milk products. It is important that they are not high in fat.

• There should be up to 6 meals a day. The portions should be small. For snacks, apples, bananas are suitable.
• Sweets, especially chocolate, should be limited. Berries and honey can be an alternative.
• Drink plenty of fluids. The doctor will set the norm depending on age.

The child is advised to drink more herbal teas, such as chamomile or lemon balm with a little sugar. Useful cranberry, currant fruit drinks, compotes from dried fruits, fresh or frozen berries. Mineral water without gas is allowed.

Doctor Komarovsky's opinion on the problem

Many mothers trust the advice of a nationwide pediatrician, TV presenter, author of books Yevgeny Komarovsky. In his opinion, a small amount of protein in a child's urine is not always a sign of serious diseases.

In infants, this indicator speaks of overfeeding, the specialist recommends not rushing with complementary foods, introducing it taking into account the individual.

Often traces of protein are the result of poor hygiene of the baby before urine collection. It is imperative to wash the child with soap. It is unacceptable to pour urine from a pot into a sterile container.

Doctor Komarovsky advises to retake the analysis with increased rates. If the amount of protein is increased again, this is evidence of the pathology of the genitourinary system, at least.

Conclusion

Protein in the urine can be an alarming signal, saying that something is wrong with the baby. In this case, it is necessary not to neglect the examination. If the reason is not critical, you need to adjust the diet or daily routine.

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