home » Cars » Accounting Regulations 15. Accounting Regulations and accounting policies of the organization. PBU in the preparation of financial statements

Accounting Regulations 15. Accounting Regulations and accounting policies of the organization. PBU in the preparation of financial statements

Accounting regulations - the accounting policy of the organization is formed on the basis of these documents regulating the rules for carrying out accounting operations. What is PBU? What accounting standards are used in accounting? Our article provides answers to these and other questions, and also discusses the main accounting regulations used in drawing up the company's accounting policies.

Organizational financial statements

Accounting statements are a unified system of organized data on the financial condition of a company, which is compiled on the basis of accounting records.

Absolutely all organizations are required to present financial statements to internal and external interested users. Let's consider the main accounting regulations that establish the procedure for its preparation by commercial organizations.

The basic rules for the preparation and submission of financial statements are enshrined in the Regulations on Accounting and Reporting in the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 1998 No. 34n.

This document was developed on the basis of the Law “On Accounting” dated December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ and consists of 6 sections.

Section title

General provisions
  • Companies draw up their own accounting policies.
  • The head of the company bears full responsibility for organizing accounting. At the same time, he can conduct it independently or with the assistance of specialists

Basic rules for accounting
  • The company keeps complete records of all business transactions in Russian currency using the double-entry method based on the working chart of accounts approved in the accounting policy.
  • All business operations are documented using primary documents provided in the album of standard forms.
  • All transactions are recorded in accounting registers in chronological order and grouped in the appropriate accounts.
  • The company's property is accounted for in monetary terms in rubles.
  • The presence of assets and liabilities is verified by conducting an inventory based on the order of the manager (or in other mandatory cases)

Basic rules for drawing up and submitting accounting reports
  • The reporting is generated on the basis of accounting data and signed by the director and chief accountant of the company.
  • Reporting is completed in accordance with methodological recommendations approved by the Ministry of Finance of Russia

Procedure for submitting accounting reports
  • The company prepares and submits year-end accounting reports to regulatory authorities, statistical authorities, as well as interested parties no later than March 30

Basic rules for consolidated accounting
  • If a company has subsidiaries or dependent companies, then, in addition to its own reports, it must generate consolidated reports for all companies signed by the manager and chief accountant

Storage of accounting documents
  • All primary documents, accounting registers and financial statements must be stored for at least 5 years, unless otherwise provided by the archiving rules.
  • The head of the company is responsible for organizing the safety of documents.

In this case, the document is applied from year to year, and possible amendments to it are made from January 1 (unless a different date is due to significant reasons) if there are changes (clauses 5, 6, article 8 of Law No. 402-FZ):

  • requirements of regulations governing accounting;
  • method of accounting;
  • operating conditions of the company.

The main accounting document of the company must reflect:

  1. Primary forms used by the company.
  2. Property accounting procedure.
  3. Algorithm for conducting audits of the company's liabilities and assets.
  4. Methods and procedure for determining the company's income and expenses.
  5. Methods and procedures for assessing property and other assets of an organization.
  6. Algorithm for monitoring business operations.
  7. Other important accounting nuances.

To correctly formulate each section of the accounting policy, companies need to focus on uniform accounting standards approved by the Ministry of Finance of Russia, namely: accounting regulations (PBU) and methodological explanations to them.

PBU - legislative acts of the 2nd level, following the normative acts of federal significance. They establish the procedure and basic rules for accounting and reporting and are mandatory for all economic entities of the Russian Federation. In 2016, there were 24 operating PBUs in the Russian Federation.

For the current list of PBUs, see the article “All PBUs for accounting for 2017-2018 - list”.

Let's consider the main accounting regulations that must be relied upon when drawing up an organization's accounting policies.

Inventory accounting: PBU 5/01

IMPORTANT! Companies that have the right to use a simplified version of accounting may provide in their policies a simple method of accounting, without using double entry (clause 6.1 section 2PBU 1/2008).

Disposal of inventories can be carried out:

  • at average cost;
  • at the cost of each unit;
  • FIFO method (the asset that was first registered is written off first).

Accounting for fixed assets: PBU 6/01

Accounting for an organization's income: PBU 9/99

Income is an improvement in the economic indicators of an enterprise due to the receipt of assets (cash, inventories, etc.), as well as a decrease in its liabilities, leading to an increase in the capital of this entity. In this case, contributions of its participants to the authorized capital are not taken into account.

According to PBU 9/99, income is divided:

  • Those that arose from ordinary activities. This is, as a rule, revenue (clause 5 of PBU 9/99).
  • Other: proceeds from rent, sale of fixed assets, receipt of interest, penalties, donated assets, exchange rate differences, etc. (clause 7 of PBU 9/99).

Revenue is recognized subject to the following conditions:

  1. The company has the right to receive income according to the contract (or on another basis).
  2. The amount of revenue is clearly defined.
  3. There is confidence that as a result of the transaction there will be an increase in the economic benefits of the company.
  4. Ownership of the asset passes to the buyer.
  5. The amount of expenses associated with generating income is determined.

IMPORTANT! If at least one of the listed conditions is not met, the assets received in fulfillment of obligations are recognized in accounting as accounts payable.

Companies that maintain simplified accounting have the right to recognize revenue using the cash method.

Accounting for organizational expenses: PBU 10/99

Expenses according to PBU 10/99 include a decrease in economic benefits due to the disposal of funds or assets, as well as the occurrence of liabilities leading to a decrease in the company’s capital. This does not take into account the reduction of the authorized capital agreed upon by the founders.

Expenses fall into two categories:

  1. For ordinary activities: expenses directly related to production or sales (clause 5 of PBU 10/99).
  2. Other: expenses for renting premises, services of credit institutions, penalties and interest payable, etc. (clause 11 of PBU 10/99).

Expenses for ordinary activities are divided into the following cost items (clause 8 of PBU 10/99):

  • material costs;
  • depreciation;
  • social expenses needs;
  • wage;
  • other costs.

At the same time, for the purposes of management accounting, the company has the right to create additional cost items at its discretion.

An expense is recognized if the following conditions are met:

  • the expense is made in accordance with a specific agreement (or as required by law), as well as in accordance with business turnover;
  • the amount of expenses is clearly defined;
  • there is confidence that there will be a reduction in economic benefits.

IMPORTANT! If at least 1 of the listed points is not met, the company is obliged to take such expenses into account as accounts receivable.

Results

PBUs are regulations that establish the procedure for maintaining accounting records in commercial organizations and are mandatory for execution by all economic entities of the Russian Federation. They contain general requirements for company accounting and are explained by methodological recommendations and letters from the Ministry of Finance and the Federal Tax Service of Russia.

All information about the procedure for maintaining accounting (and tax) records must be recorded in the accounting policy of the organization - accounting provisions form the legal basis of this document.

  • define the basic concepts and rules of accounting;
  • regulate the procedure for maintaining accounting records in the Russian Federation;
  • establish a list of requirements for disclosure of information in reporting.

PBUs are developed and approved by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation; currently there are 21 provisions establishing accounting rules.

List of current PBUs and their brief description

PBU 1/2008 Accounting policy of the organization

This PBU establishes the rules for the formation of accounting policies by the chief accountant or other person entrusted with maintaining the accounting records of the organization. The document regulates the procedure for approving: a working chart of accounts, forms of primary accounting documents, accounting registers, the procedure for conducting an inventory of the organization's assets and liabilities, methods for assessing assets and liabilities, document flow rules and technology for processing accounting information. In addition, the regulation establishes the procedure and rules for making changes to the organization’s accounting policies.

PBU 2/2008 Accounting for construction contracts

This Regulation discloses the procedure for the formation and disclosure in accounting and reporting of information on income, expenses and financial results of organizations that are contractors or subcontractors in construction contracts, the duration of work for which is long-term in nature and amounts to more than one reporting year or the start and end dates of which fall within for different reporting years. In addition, the PBU under consideration is used when accounting for contracts for the provision of services in the field of architecture, engineering and technical design in construction and other services inextricably linked with the facility under construction. The document defines the requirements for the organization of accounting objects under these agreements, the conditions for recognizing income and expenses, as well as the rules for determining the financial result.

PBU 3/2006 Accounting for assets and liabilities, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency

The document establishes the specifics of the formation in accounting and reporting of information about assets and liabilities, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency, including those payable in rubles, by organizations that are legal entities under the laws of the Russian Federation. PBU regulates the procedure for converting the value of assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currency into rubles, requirements for accounting for exchange rate differences, and also establishes the procedure for reflecting in the accounting records assets and liabilities used by the organization to conduct business outside the Russian Federation.

PBU 4/99 Accounting statements of an organization

This PBU establishes the composition, content and methodological basis for the formation of financial statements - a unified system of data on the property and financial position of an organization and the results of its economic activities, compiled on the basis of accounting data in established forms. The document defines a list of forms of financial statements and general requirements for them: rules for evaluating articles of financial statements, auditing of financial statements.

PBU 5/01 Accounting for inventories

The regulation establishes the rules for the formation in accounting of information about the organization's inventories. Determines the procedure for assessing inventories and the requirements for the procedure for accounting for actual costs of their acquisition (procurement and delivery costs, interest on loans, customs duties, etc.). Regulates the procedure for determining their cost upon transfer to production and other disposal and the requirements for disclosure of information in financial statements.

PBU 6/01 Accounting for fixed assets

The regulation establishes requirements for the rules for the formation in accounting of information about fixed assets of an enterprise. The criteria by which an asset is accepted by an organization for accounting as a fixed asset are described. The methodology for assessing fixed assets and the composition of costs for forming the initial cost of an object is revealed (amounts paid in accordance with the contract to the supplier; costs of delivering the object, customs duties and customs fees, interest on loans, etc.). Methods for calculating depreciation of fixed assets are established: linear, reducing balance method, method of writing off value by the sum of the numbers of years of useful life, method of writing off value in proportion to the volume of production (work). The procedure for accounting for the organization’s costs for repairs and restoration of facilities. Requirements for recording in accounting transactions of disposal of fixed assets in the following cases: sale, termination of use due to moral or physical wear and tear, liquidation in the event of an accident, natural disaster and other emergency, transfer in the form of a contribution to the authorized (share) capital of another organization, mutual fund and in other cases.

PBU 7/98 Events after the reporting date

For accounting purposes, an event after the reporting date is recognized as a fact of economic activity that has had or may have an impact on the financial condition, cash flow or results of operations of the organization and that occurred in the period between the reporting date and the date of signing the financial statements for the reporting year. This PBU establishes the procedure for reflecting in the financial statements of commercial organizations (except credit institutions), which are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation, events after the reporting date. Determines the requirements for reflecting such events and their consequences in financial statements. The appendix to the PBU provides an approximate list of facts of economic activity that can be recognized as events after the reporting date.

PBU 8/01 Conditional facts of economic activity

A conditional fact of economic activity in accordance with PBU is a fact of economic activity occurring as of the reporting date, regarding the consequences of which and the likelihood of their occurrence in the future there is uncertainty, i.e. the occurrence of consequences depends on whether one or more uncertain events occur or do not occur in the future. This Regulation establishes the procedure for reflecting contingent facts of economic activity and their consequences in the financial statements of commercial organizations. Determines the composition of contingent facts for accounting. Establishes the rules for their reflection and the methodology for assessing the consequences in monetary terms. Disclosure of information about the consequences of contingent facts in the financial statements of the organization.

PBU 9/99 Organizational income

In accordance with PBU 9/99, the income of an organization is recognized as an increase in economic benefits as a result of the receipt of assets, cash, other property or the repayment of liabilities, leading to an increase in the capital of this organization, with the exception of contributions from property owners. The document establishes the rules for the classification of income, discloses the list, composition of the organization’s income and the procedure for their recognition. This PBU is used by commercial organizations (with the exception of credit and insurance) and regulates the procedure for reflecting information.

PBU 10/9 Organizational expenses

Determines the rules for the formation in accounting of information about the expenses of enterprises, classifies their composition and establishes conditions for the recognition of expenses. Describes the procedure for recognizing and disclosing selling and administrative expenses in financial statements.

PBU 11/2008 Information on related parties

This Regulation establishes the procedure for disclosing information about related parties in financial statements. Determines the list of transactions with a related party, as well as the mandatory composition of information subject to disclosure.

PBU 12/2000 Information by segments

The provision is applied by an organization when preparing consolidated financial statements if it has subsidiaries and dependent companies, as well as if it is entrusted with the preparation of consolidated financial statements by the constituent documents of associations of legal entities (associations, unions, etc.) created on a voluntary basis.

PBU 13/2000 Accounting for state aid

The document establishes the rules for the formation in accounting of information on the receipt and use of state assistance provided to commercial organizations (except credit organizations) that are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as organizations), and recognized as an increase in the economic benefit of a specific organization as a result of the receipt of assets (cash) , other property).

PBU 14/2007 Accounting for intangible assets

Establishes rules for the formation in accounting and financial statements of information about intangible assets of organizations. Defines the conditions for accepting an object for accounting as an intangible asset, and regulates the procedure for the initial assessment. Sets the rules for accounting for transactions related to the granting (receipt) of the right to use intangible assets.

PBU 15/2008 Accounting for expenses on loans and credits

PBU reveals the features of the formation in accounting and financial statements of information on costs associated with fulfilling obligations on loans received (including raising borrowed funds by issuing bills, issuing and selling bonds) and loans (including commodity and commercial).

PBU 16/02 Information on discontinued activities

Establishes the procedure for disclosing information on discontinued activities in the financial statements of commercial organizations. Describes the concept of discontinued activity, the conditions for its recognition and assessment. Specifies requirements for disclosure of information in reporting.

PBU 17/02 Accounting for expenses on R&D and technological work

This Regulation establishes the rules for the formation in the accounting and financial statements of commercial organizations that are legal entities under the laws of the Russian Federation (with the exception of credit institutions), information on expenses associated with the implementation of research, development and technological work.

PBU 18/02 Accounting for corporate income tax calculations

This PBU determines the rules for the formation in accounting and the procedure for disclosing in the financial statements information on calculations of corporate income tax for organizations recognized in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation as taxpayers of income tax (except for credit organizations and budgetary institutions), and also determines the relationship of the indicator, reflecting profit (loss), calculated in the manner established by regulatory legal acts on accounting of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - accounting profit (loss)), and the tax base for income tax for the reporting period (hereinafter - taxable profit (loss)), calculated in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees.

PBU 19/02 Accounting for financial investments

Determines the rules for the formation in accounting and reporting of information about the organization’s financial investments. Rules for their initial and subsequent assessment, disposal, as well as requirements for the procedure for determining income and expenses on financial investments.

PBU 20/03 Information on participation in joint activities

This Regulation establishes the rules and procedure for disclosing information about participation in joint activities in the financial statements of commercial organizations (except credit institutions) that are legal entities under the laws of the Russian Federation. Expands the concepts: jointly carried out operations, jointly used assets and joint activities. Determines requirements for disclosure of information in financial statements.

PBU 21/2008 Change in estimated values

This PBU establishes the rules for recognizing and disclosing in the financial statements information about changes in estimated values ​​and establishes the procedure for disclosing such data in the explanatory note to the financial statements.

When restoring the accounting records of organizations, we encountered a misunderstanding among some accountants of the accounting provisions of 18/02. in connection with which we decided to write a series of articles explaining

A practical example of calculation for determining the current income tax is in

Who applies PBU 18/02?

By reading the General Provisions section, we certainly answer this question. This PBU is used by organizations that calculate and pay income tax. In other words, if you do not calculate and pay income tax in accordance with the law, then you do not need to apply PBU 18/02. PBU 18/02 does not apply:
  • credit institutions;
  • state (municipal) institutions;
  • applying simplified methods of accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting;

Why does PBU 18/02 need to be applied at all?

The answer is contained in this same section. The application of PBU 18/02 allows you to reflect in accounting and financial statements the difference between the tax on accounting profit (loss) and the income tax generated and reflected in the income tax return. In other words, this PBU reflects in accounting a certain value that will affect income tax in the future. As a result of different rules for accounting for income and expenses set out in accounting regulations and in the legislation on taxes and fees in the Russian Federation, there is a difference between accounting profit (loss) and profit (loss) reflected in the income tax return and is being formed from temporary and permanent differences in clause 3 of PBU 18/02.

SHE(deferred tax asset) -

We first recognize expenses in accounting, and in subsequent periods in tax accounting. Income in tax, and later in accounting. The practice has developed of using the abbreviation TNP (current income tax) and URNP (conditional income tax expense).
Reflected in the reporting:
Balance sheet: Assets:

IT(deferred tax liability) -

the opposite of SHE. First, we recognize expenses in tax accounting, and in subsequent periods in accounting. Income in accounting, and later in tax. Reflected in the reporting: Balance sheet: Passive:

Constant differences

–income and expenses recognized only in accounting or only in tax accounting. They are: PNA - permanent tax assets; PNO-permanent tax obligations; Reflected in the reporting:

Temporary differences.

So, we come to the most “serious” moment, which always raises a lot of questions from accountants. These are temporary differences. We will look at what this is and how to “fight” it in this article. Temporary differences are those differences that will affect the tax, increasing or decreasing it in the future. Accordingly, those differences that will increase income tax will be called taxable temporary differences, and those that will reduce income tax will be called deductible temporary differences. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Deferred tax assets (DTA) are deductible temporary differences multiplied by the income tax rate at the time the DTA is recognized. When deductible temporary differences are reduced or eliminated, the deductible temporary differences will be reduced or completely eliminated. Accounting entries: Accrual of ONA Dt09 Kt68; Repayment of ONA Dt68 Kt09. Deferred tax liabilities (DTL) are taxable temporary differences multiplied by the income tax rate at the time the DTL is recognized. As taxable temporary differences decrease or are fully settled, deferred tax liabilities will decrease or be fully settled. Accounting entries: Accrual of IT Dt68 Kt77; Repayment of IT Dt77 Kt68. In the financial statements it is possible to reflect IT and IT in a balanced (collapsed) manner. The amount of income tax (IP) is called conditional income (expense) (UD(R)), if NP is determined from accounting profit (loss). NP formed from tax profit is equal to UD(R)-PNO+(-) SHE+(-)ONO SHE and IT are reflected in the balance sheet, respectively, as non-current assets and long-term liabilities. Overpayment of income tax is accounted for as an asset, debt - as a liability. The income statement reflects PNO, ONA, ONO and current income tax.

Income statement:


In addition, the following are disclosed separately in the notes to the balance sheet and the financial results statement:
  • conditional expense (conditional income) for income tax;
  • permanent and temporary differences that arose in the reporting period and resulted in the adjustment of the conditional expense (conditional income) for income tax in order to determine the current income tax;
  • permanent and temporary differences that arose in previous reporting periods, but resulted in an adjustment of the conditional expense (conditional income) for the income tax of the reporting period;
  • the amount of permanent tax liability (asset), deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability;
  • reasons for changes in applied tax rates compared to the previous reporting period;
  • The amounts of a deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability written off in connection with the disposal of an asset (sale, transfer on a gratuitous basis or liquidation) or type of liability.

Publication date: 03.08.2017

Date of change: 03.08.2017

Attached file: doc, 82 kB

5 ACCOUNTING REGULATIONS? WHO IS ACCOUNTING POLICY ABOUT? GANIZATIONS" (PBU 1/2008) (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 6, 2008 No. 106n, as amended by orders of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 11, 2009 No. 22n, dated October 25, 2010 No. 132n, dated November 8, 2010 No. 144n, dated 04/27/2012 No. 55n, dated 12/18/2012 No. 164n, dated 04/06/2015 No. 57n, dated 04/28/2017 No. 69n) I. General provisions1. This Regulation establishes the rules for the formation (selection or development) and disclosure of the accounting policies of organizations that are legal entities under the law? of the Russian Federation (except for credit organizations and public sector organizations) (hereinafter referred to as organizations). (as amended by orders of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 25, 2010 No. 132n, dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n) Branches and representative offices of foreign organizations located in the territory? Russian Federation may formulate accounting policies in accordance with these Regulations or based on the rules established in the country of location of the foreign organization, if the latter do not contradict International Financial Reporting Standards.2. For the purposes of these Regulations, the accounting policy of an organization is understood as the set of accounting methods adopted by it - primary observation, cost measurement, current grouping and final generalization of facts of economic activity. Accounting methods include methods of grouping and assessing facts of economic activity, repayment of the value of assets, organization of document flow, inventory, application of accounting accounts, organization of accounting registers, information processing.3. This Regulation applies: in terms of the formation of accounting policies - to all organizations; in terms of disclosure of accounting policies - to organizations that publish their financial statements in whole or in part in accordance with the law? Russian Federation, constituent documents or on their own initiative. II. Formation of accounting policies4. The accounting policy of the organization is formed by the chief accountant or other person who, in accordance with the law? The Russian Federation is entrusted with maintaining the accounting records of the organization, on the basis of these Regulations and is approved by the head of the organization. At the same time, the following are approved: a working chart of accounts, containing synthetic and analytical accounts necessary for maintaining accounting records in accordance with the requirements of timeliness and completeness of accounting and reporting; forms primary accounting documents, accounting registers, as well as documents for internal accounting reporting; the procedure for conducting an inventory of the organization's assets and liabilities; methods for assessing assets and liabilities; document flow rules and technology for processing accounting information; the procedure for monitoring business operations; other decisions necessary for the organization accounting. 5. When forming an accounting policy, it is assumed that: the assets and liabilities of the organization exist separately from the assets and liabilities of the owners of this organization and the assets and liabilities of other organizations (assuming property separation); the organization will continue its activities in the foreseeable future and it has no intentions or necessity liquidation or significant reduction in activity and, therefore, obligations will be repaid in the prescribed manner (going concern assumption); the accounting policies adopted by the organization are applied consistently from one reporting year to another (assumption of consistency in the application of accounting policies); the facts of the organization's economic activities relate to that reporting period in which they took place, regardless of the actual time of receipt or payment of funds associated with these facts (assuming the temporal certainty of the facts of economic activity). 5.1. An organization chooses accounting methods regardless of the choice of accounting methods by other organizations. If the parent company approves its accounting standards, which are mandatory for use by its subsidiary, then such subsidiary chooses accounting methods based on the specified standards. (paragraph introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)6. The organization's accounting policy must ensure: completeness of reflection in accounting of all facts of economic activity (completeness requirement); timely reflection of facts of economic activity in accounting and financial reporting (timeliness requirement); greater readiness to recognize expenses and liabilities in accounting than possible income and assets, not allowing the creation of hidden reserves (requirement of prudence); reflection in accounting of facts of economic activity based not so much on their legal form, but on their economic content and business conditions (requirement of priority of content over form); identity of analytical accounting data with turnover and balances on synthetic accounting accounts on the last calendar day of each month (consistency requirement); rational accounting, based on business conditions and the size of the organization, as well as based on the ratio of costs for generating information about a specific accounting object and the usefulness (value) of this information (requirement of rationality). (as amended by the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)6.1. When forming an accounting policy, micro-enterprises and non-profit organizations that have the right to use simplified methods of accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting, may provide for the maintenance of accounting according to a simple system (without using double entry). (Introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 12/18/2012 No. 164n, as amended by the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 04/06/2015 No. 57n)7. Accounting for a specific accounting item is carried out in the manner established by the federal accounting standard. If, for a specific accounting issue, the federal accounting standard allows for several accounting methods, the organization selects one of these methods, guided by paragraphs 5, 5.1 and 6 of these Regulations. An organization that discloses financial reporting prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards consolidated financial statements or financial statements of an organization that does not create a group have the right, when forming accounting policies, to be guided by federal accounting standards, taking into account the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards. In particular, such an organization has the right not to apply the accounting method established by the federal accounting standard when such a method leads to a discrepancy between the organization’s accounting policies and the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards. (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)7.1 . If, for a specific accounting issue, federal accounting standards do not establish accounting methods, does the organization develop an appropriate method based on the requirements established by law? Russian Federation on accounting, federal and (or) industry standards. In this case, the organization, based on the assumptions and requirements given in paragraphs 5 and 6 of these Regulations, uses sequentially the following documents: a) international financial reporting standards; b) provisions of federal and (or) industry accounting standards for similar and (or) related questions; c) recommendations in the field of accounting. (introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)7.2. An organization that has the right to use simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, in the absence of appropriate accounting methods for a specific issue in federal accounting standards, has the right to formulate an accounting policy, guided solely by the requirement of rationality. (introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)7.3. In exceptional cases, when the formation of an accounting policy in accordance with paragraphs 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations leads to an unreliable representation of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and the flow of its funds in the accounting (financial) statements, the organization has the right to deviate from the rules established by these paragraphs , subject to all the following conditions: a) circumstances have been identified that impede the formation of a reliable representation of its financial position, financial performance and cash flows in the accounting (financial) statements; b) an alternative method of accounting is possible, the use of which allows eliminating these circumstances ;c) an alternative method of accounting does not lead to other circumstances in which the organization’s accounting (financial) statements will give an unreliable picture of its financial position, financial performance and cash flows; d) information about deviations from the rules established by paragraphs 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations, and the use of an alternative method of accounting is disclosed by the organization in accordance with these Regulations. (introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance? Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)7.4. To the extent that the application of the accounting policies formed in accordance with clauses 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations leads to the formation of information, the presence, absence or method of reflection of which in the accounting (financial) statements of the organization does not depend on the economic decisions of the users of these statements (hereinafter referred to as – immaterial information), the organization has the right to choose the method of accounting, guided solely by the requirement of rationality (without applying clauses 7, 7.1 of these Regulations). The organization independently classifies information as non-essential based on both the size and nature of this information. (introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)8. The accounting policy adopted by the organization is subject to registration with the relevant organizational and administrative documentation (orders, instructions, standards, etc.) of the organization. (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)9. The accounting methods chosen by the organization when forming its accounting policies are applied from the first January of the year following the year of approval of the relevant organizational and administrative document. Moreover, they are applied by all branches, representative offices and other divisions of the organization (including those allocated to a separate balance sheet), regardless of their location. A newly created organization, an organization resulting from a reorganization, draws up its chosen accounting policy in accordance with these Regulations no later than 90 days from the date of state registration of the legal entity. The accounting policy adopted by the newly created organization is considered to be applied from the date of state registration of the legal entity. III. Change in accounting policy10. Changes in the accounting policies of an organization can be made in the following cases: changes in legislation? Russian Federation and (or) regulatory legal acts on accounting; development by the organization of new methods of accounting. The use of a new method of accounting involves improving the quality of information about the accounting object; (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n) a significant change in business conditions. A significant change in the business conditions of an organization may be associated with reorganization, a change in types of activities, etc. Approval of the method of accounting for facts of economic activity that are essentially different from the facts that occurred previously or arose for the first time in the organization’s activities is not considered a change in accounting policy .eleven. Changes in accounting policies must be justified and formalized in the manner prescribed by paragraph 8 of these Regulations.12. Changes in accounting policies are made from the beginning of the reporting year, unless otherwise determined by the reason for such change.13. The consequences of changes in accounting policies that have had or are capable of having a significant impact on the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and (or) cash flows are assessed in monetary terms. The assessment in monetary terms of the consequences of changes in accounting policies is made on the basis of data verified by the organization as of the date from which the changed method of accounting is applied.14. Consequences of changes in accounting policies caused by changes in legislation? of the Russian Federation and (or) regulatory legal acts on accounting, are reflected in accounting and reporting in the manner established by the relevant legislation? Russian Federation and (or) regulatory legal act on accounting. If there is relevant legislation? Russian Federation and (or) the regulatory legal act on accounting do not establish the procedure for reflecting the consequences of changes in accounting policies, then these consequences are reflected in accounting and reporting in the manner established by paragraph 15 of these Regulations.15. The consequences of changes in accounting policies caused by reasons other than those specified in paragraph 14 of these Regulations, and which had or could have a significant impact on the financial position of the organization, financial results of its activities and (or) cash flows, are reflected in the financial statements retrospectively, except in cases , when the assessment in monetary terms of such consequences in relation to the periods preceding the reporting period cannot be made with sufficient reliability. When reflecting retrospectively the consequences of changes in accounting policies, we proceed from the assumption that the changed method of accounting was applied from the moment the facts of economic activity of this type arose. ? A retrospective reflection of the consequences of changes in accounting policies consists of adjusting the opening balance under the item “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” and (or) other balance sheet items as of the earliest date presented in the accounting (financial) statements, as well as the values ​​of related accounting items disclosed for each period presented in the financial statements, as if a new accounting policy had been applied from the moment the facts of economic activity of this type arose. policies for periods preceding the reporting period cannot be made with sufficient reliability, the changed method of accounting is applied to the relevant facts of economic activity that occurred after the introduction of the changed method (prospectively). 15.1 Organizations that have the right to use simplified methods of accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, may reflect in the financial statements the consequences of changes in accounting policies that have had or may have a significant impact on the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and (or) cash flow, prospectively, unless otherwise provided established by law? Russian Federation and (or) regulatory legal act on accounting. (introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 8, 2010 No. 144n, as amended by orders of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 27, 2012 No. 55n, dated April 6, 2015 No. 57n)16. Changes in accounting policies that have had or are capable of having a significant impact on the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and (or) cash flows are subject to separate disclosure in the financial statements. IV. ? Disclosure of accounting policies17. The organization must disclose the accounting methods adopted when forming its accounting policies, without knowledge of the application of which by interested users of the accounting (financial) statements it is impossible to reliably assess the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and (or) cash flows. (as amended by the order of the Ministry of Finance Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)18. The paragraph is excluded (Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 11, 2009 No. 22n) The composition and content of information on the accounting policies of the organization on specific accounting issues subject to mandatory disclosure in financial statements are established by the relevant federal accounting standards. (as amended by the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 28.04 .2017 No. 69n) If financial statements are not published in full, information on accounting policies is subject to disclosure, at least in part directly related to the published data.19. If the accounting policy of the organization is formed on the basis of the assumptions provided for in paragraph 5 of these Regulations, then these assumptions may not be disclosed in the financial statements. When forming the accounting policy of the organization, based on assumptions other than those provided for in paragraph 5 of these Regulations, such assumptions along with the reasons for their application must be disclosed in the financial statements.20. If, in preparing the financial statements, there is significant uncertainty regarding events and conditions that may cast significant doubt on the applicability of the going concern assumption, the entity must identify such uncertainty and clearly describe what it relates to.20.1. An organization that forms an accounting policy in accordance with paragraph two of clause 7 of these Regulations must, in relation to each method of accounting established by the federal accounting standard that it has not applied, describe such method, as well as disclose the corresponding requirement of the International Financial Reporting Standard and describe how Thus, this requirement will be violated if the accounting method established by the federal accounting standard is applied. (introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n) 20.2. An organization that has applied paragraph 7.3 of these Regulations when forming its accounting policy must disclose: the name of the federal accounting standard establishing the accounting method from which the organization has deviated, with a brief description of this method; the circumstances that resulted in the application of the rules established by paragraphs 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations, leads to the fact that the accounting (financial) statements of the organization do not allow obtaining a reliable picture of its financial position, financial performance and cash flows, and the reasons for the occurrence of these circumstances; the content of the alternative method of accounting used by the organization, and an explanation of how this method eliminates the unreliability of the presentation of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and cash flows; the values ​​of all indicators of the accounting (financial) statements of the organization that were changed as a result of deviations from the rules established by paragraphs 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations, as if the retreat had not been made, and the amount of adjustment for each indicator. (introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance? Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)21. In case of a change in accounting policy, the organization must disclose the following information: - the reason for the change in the accounting policy; - the content of the change in the accounting policy; - the procedure for reflecting the consequences of the change in the accounting policy in the financial statements; - the amount of adjustments associated with the change in the accounting policy for each item in the financial statements for each of the reporting periods presented, and if the organization is required to disclose information about earnings per share, also based on data on basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share; - the amount of the corresponding adjustment relating to the reporting periods preceding those presented in the financial statements , - to the extent that this is practically possible. If a change in accounting policy is due to the application of a regulatory legal act for the first time or a change in a regulatory legal act, the fact of reflecting the consequences of the change in accounting policy in accordance with the procedure provided for by this act is also subject to disclosure.22. If the disclosure of information provided for in paragraph 21 of these Regulations for any particular previous reporting period presented in the financial statements, or for reporting periods earlier than those presented, is impossible, the fact of the impossibility of such disclosure shall be disclosed along with indicating the reporting period in which the corresponding change in accounting policy will begin to be applied. 23. If a regulatory legal act on accounting provides for the possibility of voluntary application of the rules approved by it before the deadline for their mandatory application, the organization, when using this opportunity, must disclose this fact in the accounting (financial) statements. (as amended by the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 04/28/2017 No. 69n)24. Significant methods of accounting, as well as information about changes in accounting policies are subject to disclosure in the accounting (financial) statements of the organization. (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n) If interim accounting (financial) statements are presented, they may not contain information about the accounting policy of the organization, if there have been no changes in the latter since the preparation of the annual accounting (financial) statements for the previous year, in which the accounting policy is disclosed. (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)25. Excluded (order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

ACCOUNTING REGULATIONS
"ACCOUNTING POLICY OF THE ORGANIZATION"
(PBU 1/2008)

(approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 6, 2008 No. 106n,
as amended by orders of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 11, 2009 No. 22n, dated October 25, 2010 No. 132n, dated November 8, 2010 No. 144n, dated April 27, 2012 No. 55n, dated December 18, 2012 No. 164n, dated April 6, 2015 No. 57n, dated 04/28/2017 No. 69n)

I. General provisions

1. These Regulations establish the rules for the formation (selection or development) and disclosure of the accounting policies of organizations that are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation (with the exception of credit institutions and public sector organizations) (hereinafter referred to as organizations).

(as amended by orders of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 25, 2010 No. 132n, dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

Branches and representative offices of foreign organizations located on the territory of the Russian Federation may formulate accounting policies in accordance with these Regulations or based on the rules established in the country of location of the foreign organization, if the latter do not contradict International Financial Reporting Standards.

2. For the purposes of these Regulations, the accounting policy of an organization is understood as the set of accounting methods adopted by it - primary observation, cost measurement, current grouping and final generalization of the facts of economic activity.

Accounting methods include methods of grouping and assessing facts of economic activity, repaying the value of assets, organizing document flow, inventory, using accounting accounts, organizing accounting registers, and processing information.

3. This Regulation applies to:

regarding the formation of accounting policies - for all organizations;

in terms of disclosure of accounting policies - to organizations that publish their financial statements in whole or in part in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, constituent documents or on their own initiative.

II. Formation of accounting policies

4. The accounting policy of the organization is formed by the chief accountant or another person who, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, is entrusted with maintaining the accounting records of the organization, on the basis of these Regulations and is approved by the head of the organization.

In this case it is affirmed:

a working chart of accounts containing synthetic and analytical accounts necessary for maintaining accounting records in accordance with the requirements of timeliness and completeness of accounting and reporting;

forms of primary accounting documents, accounting registers, as well as documents for internal accounting reporting;

the procedure for conducting an inventory of the organization's assets and liabilities;

methods for assessing assets and liabilities;

document flow rules and accounting information processing technology;

the procedure for monitoring business transactions;

other solutions necessary for organizing accounting.

5. When developing accounting policies, it is assumed that:

the assets and liabilities of an organization exist separately from the assets and liabilities of the owners of this organization and the assets and liabilities of other organizations (assuming property separation);

the organization will continue its activities for the foreseeable future and it has no intention or need to liquidate or significantly reduce its activities and, therefore, obligations will be repaid in the prescribed manner (going concern assumption);

the accounting policy adopted by the organization is applied consistently from one reporting year to another (assumption of consistency in the application of accounting policies);

the facts of the organization’s economic activities relate to the reporting period in which they took place, regardless of the actual time of receipt or payment of funds associated with these facts (the assumption of temporary certainty of the facts of economic activity).

5.1. An organization chooses accounting methods regardless of the choice of accounting methods by other organizations. If the parent company approves its accounting standards, which are mandatory for use by its subsidiary, then such subsidiary chooses accounting methods based on these standards.

(paragraph introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

6. The organization’s accounting policies must ensure:

completeness of reflection in accounting of all facts of economic activity (completeness requirement);

timely reflection of the facts of economic activity in accounting and financial statements (timeliness requirement);

greater willingness to recognize expenses and liabilities in accounting than possible income and assets, avoiding the creation of hidden reserves (requirement of prudence);

reflection in accounting of facts of economic activity based not so much on their legal form, but on their economic content and business conditions (the requirement of priority of content over form);

the identity of analytical accounting data with turnovers and balances on synthetic accounting accounts on the last calendar day of each month (consistency requirement);

rational accounting, based on business conditions and the size of the organization, as well as based on the ratio of costs for generating information about a specific accounting object and the usefulness (value) of this information (requirement of rationality).

6.1. When developing an accounting policy, micro-enterprises and non-profit organizations that have the right to use simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting, may provide for accounting using a simple system (without using double entry).

(introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 18, 2012 No. 164n, as amended by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 6, 2015 No. 57n)

7. Accounting for a specific accounting item is carried out in the manner established by the federal accounting standard. If, for a specific accounting issue, the federal accounting standard allows for several accounting methods, the organization selects one of these methods, guided by paragraphs 5, 5.1 and 6 of these Regulations.

An organization that discloses consolidated financial statements drawn up in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards or financial statements of an organization that does not create a group has the right to be guided by federal accounting standards, taking into account the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards, when forming its accounting policies. In particular, such an organization has the right not to apply the accounting method established by the federal accounting standard when such a method leads to a discrepancy between the organization's accounting policies and the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards.

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

7.1. If the federal accounting standards do not establish accounting methods for a specific accounting issue, the organization develops an appropriate method based on the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and (or) industry standards. In this case, the organization, based on the assumptions and requirements given in paragraphs 5 and 6 of these Regulations, uses the following documents sequentially:

a) international financial reporting standards;

b) provisions of federal and (or) industry accounting standards on similar and (or) related issues;

7.2. An organization that has the right to use simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, in the absence of appropriate accounting methods for a specific issue in federal accounting standards, has the right to formulate an accounting policy, guided solely by the requirement of rationality.

(introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

7.3. In exceptional cases, when the formation of an accounting policy in accordance with paragraphs 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations leads to an unreliable representation of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and the flow of its funds in the accounting (financial) statements, the organization has the right to deviate from the rules established by these paragraphs , subject to all of the following conditions:

a) circumstances have been identified that impede the formation of a reliable representation of its financial position, financial results of operations and cash flows in the accounting (financial) statements;

b) an alternative method of accounting is possible, the use of which makes it possible to eliminate these circumstances;

c) the alternative method of accounting does not lead to other circumstances in which the organization’s accounting (financial) statements will give an unreliable picture of its financial position, financial performance and cash flows;

d) information about deviations from the rules established by clauses 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations and the use of an alternative method of accounting is disclosed by the organization in accordance with these Regulations.

(introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

7.4. To the extent that the application of the accounting policies formed in accordance with clauses 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations leads to the formation of information, the presence, absence or method of reflection of which in the accounting (financial) statements of the organization does not depend on the economic decisions of the users of these statements (hereinafter referred to as – immaterial information), the organization has the right to choose the method of accounting, guided solely by the requirement of rationality (without applying clauses 7, 7.1 of these Regulations). The organization independently classifies information as non-essential based on both the size and nature of this information.

(introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

8. The accounting policy adopted by the organization is subject to registration with the relevant organizational and administrative documentation (orders, instructions, standards, etc.) of the organization.

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

9. Accounting methods chosen by the organization when developing accounting policies are applied from the first January of the year following the year of approval of the relevant organizational and administrative document. Moreover, they are applied by all branches, representative offices and other divisions of the organization (including those allocated to a separate balance sheet), regardless of their location.

A newly created organization, an organization resulting from a reorganization, draws up its chosen accounting policy in accordance with these Regulations no later than 90 days from the date of state registration of the legal entity. The accounting policy adopted by the newly created organization is considered to be applied from the date of state registration of the legal entity.

III. Change in accounting policy

10. Changes in the accounting policies of an organization can be made in the following cases:

changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) regulatory legal acts on accounting;

the organization's development of new accounting methods. The use of a new method of accounting involves improving the quality of information about the accounting object;

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

significant changes in business conditions. A significant change in the business conditions of an organization may be associated with reorganization, change in types of activities, etc.

It is not considered a change in accounting policy to approve the method of accounting for facts of economic activity that are essentially different from the facts that occurred previously, or that arose for the first time in the organization’s activities.

11. Changes in accounting policies must be justified and formalized in the manner prescribed by paragraph 8 of these Regulations.

12. Changes in accounting policies are made from the beginning of the reporting year, unless otherwise determined by the reason for such a change.

13. The consequences of changes in accounting policies that have had or may have a significant impact on the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and (or) cash flows are assessed in monetary terms. The assessment in monetary terms of the consequences of changes in accounting policies is made on the basis of data verified by the organization as of the date from which the changed method of accounting is applied.

14. The consequences of changes in accounting policies caused by changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) regulatory legal acts on accounting are reflected in accounting and reporting in the manner established by the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) regulatory legal acts on accounting. If the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) a regulatory legal act on accounting do not establish a procedure for reflecting the consequences of changes in accounting policies, then these consequences are reflected in accounting and reporting in the manner established by paragraph 15 of these Regulations.

15. The consequences of changes in accounting policies caused by reasons other than those specified in paragraph 14 of these Regulations, and which had or could have a significant impact on the financial position of the organization, financial results of its activities and (or) cash flows, are reflected in the financial statements retrospectively, for except in cases where the assessment in monetary terms of such consequences in relation to periods preceding the reporting period cannot be made with sufficient reliability.

When retrospectively reflecting the consequences of changes in accounting policies, we proceed from the assumption that the changed method of accounting was applied from the moment the facts of economic activity of this type arose. Retrospective reflection of the consequences of changes in accounting policies consists of adjusting the opening balance under the item “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” and (or) other balance sheet items as of the earliest date presented in the accounting (financial) statements, as well as the values ​​of related accounting items disclosed for each period presented in the financial statements, as if the new accounting policy had been applied from the moment the facts of economic activity of this type arose.

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

In cases where an assessment in monetary terms of the consequences of a change in accounting policy in relation to periods preceding the reporting period cannot be made with sufficient reliability, the changed method of accounting is applied to the relevant facts of economic activity that occurred after the introduction of the changed method (prospectively).

15.1 Organizations that have the right to use simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting, may reflect in their financial statements the consequences of changes in accounting policies that have had or may have a significant impact on the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and (or) the movement funds, prospectively, except for cases where a different procedure is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) a regulatory legal act on accounting.

(introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 8, 2010 No. 144n, as amended by orders of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 27, 2012 No. 55n, dated April 6, 2015 No. 57n)

16. Changes in accounting policies that have had or are capable of having a significant impact on the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and (or) cash flows are subject to separate disclosure in the financial statements.

IV. Disclosure of accounting policies

17. The organization must disclose the accounting methods adopted when forming the accounting policy, without knowledge of the application of which by interested users of the accounting (financial) statements it is impossible to reliably assess the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and (or) cash flows.

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

18. Paragraph excluded (Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 11, 2009 No. 22n)

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

If financial statements are not published in full, information on accounting policies is subject to disclosure, at least in part directly related to the published data.

19. If the accounting policy of an organization is formed on the basis of the assumptions provided for in paragraph 5 of these Regulations, then these assumptions may not be disclosed in the financial statements.

When forming an organization's accounting policy based on assumptions other than those provided for in paragraph 5 of these Regulations, such assumptions, along with the reasons for their application, must be disclosed in the financial statements.

20. If, in preparing the financial statements, there is significant uncertainty about events and conditions that may cast significant doubt on the applicability of the going concern assumption, the entity must identify the uncertainty and clearly describe what it relates to.

20.1. An organization that forms an accounting policy in accordance with paragraph two of clause 7 of these Regulations must, in relation to each method of accounting established by the federal accounting standard that it has not applied, describe such method, as well as disclose the corresponding requirement of the International Financial Reporting Standard and describe how Thus, this requirement will be violated if the accounting method established by the federal accounting standard is applied.

(introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

20.2. An organization that applied clause 7.3 of these Regulations when developing its accounting policy must disclose:

the name of the federal accounting standard establishing the accounting method from which the organization has deviated, with a brief description of this method;

circumstances as a result of which the application of the rules established by paragraphs 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations leads to the fact that the accounting (financial) statements of the organization do not allow obtaining a reliable picture of its financial position, financial performance and cash flows, and the reasons for the occurrence of these circumstances ;

the values ​​of all indicators of the organization’s accounting (financial) statements that were changed as a result of deviation from the rules established by paragraphs 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations, as if the deviation had not been made, and the amount of adjustment of each indicator.

(introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

21. In the event of a change in accounting policies, the organization must disclose the following information:

The reason for the change in accounting policy;

The procedure for reflecting the consequences of changes in accounting policies in the financial statements;

The amounts of adjustments associated with changes in accounting policies for each item in the financial statements for each of the reporting periods presented, and if the organization is required to disclose information about earnings per share, also according to data on basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share;

The amount of the corresponding adjustment relating to reporting periods prior to those presented in the financial statements, to the extent practicable.

If a change in accounting policy is due to the application of a regulatory legal act for the first time or a change in a regulatory legal act, the fact of reflecting the consequences of the change in accounting policy in accordance with the procedure provided for by this act is also subject to disclosure.

22. If the disclosure of information provided for in paragraph 21 of these Regulations for any particular previous reporting period presented in the financial statements, or for reporting periods earlier than those presented, is impossible, the fact of the impossibility of such disclosure is subject to disclosure together with an indication of the reporting period in which the corresponding change in accounting policy will begin to be applied.

23. If a regulatory legal act on accounting provides for the possibility of voluntary application of the rules approved by it before the deadline for their mandatory application, the organization, when using this opportunity, must disclose this fact in the accounting (financial) statements.

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

24. Significant methods of accounting, as well as information about changes in accounting policies are subject to disclosure in the accounting (financial) statements of the organization.

(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 No. 69n)

If interim accounting (financial) statements are presented, they may not contain information about the organization’s accounting policies, unless there have been changes in the latter since the preparation of the annual accounting (financial) statements for the previous year, which disclosed the accounting policies.

Accounting- this is not only a documentary record of the economic and financial actions of an economic entity, but also a whole system of organizing relations between partners, internal divisions of the company, and with external entities - authorities, courts, potential clients and investors.

A competent specialist, having reviewed the company’s accounting data, can express an opinion not only about the actual situation of the business, but also about the level of qualifications of the accountants of this enterprise.

Accounting documents- this is a kind of “face” of the company during remote contact.

That's why proper maintenance of structured accounting is important- compliance with legislation, the use of permissible effective optimization measures, clearly systematized document flow.

In addition to the Federal Law “On Accounting” No. 402 and regulations of executive authorities, the fundamentals of accounting include national accounting standards - Regulations.

Currently, the total number of PBUs is 24, each of which reveals the features of a particular area of ​​accounting:

  • flow of funds;
  • reporting;
  • information about the Ministry of Health;
  • information about fixed assets;
  • income;
  • expenses;
  • information about intangible assets;
  • and etc.

Access to the provisions is free.

Kinds

Accounting policy- this is a guide for the accounting department of an enterprise on the chosen methods of accounting and calculation and justification before the fiscal authorities of certain information in the submitted reports.

Due to the multilateral functions of the document, it includes standards for maintaining not only accounting, but also tax accounting.

The semantic difference between these forms of accounting is purpose of data based on their results. Accounting information is used to standardly reflect the activities of the enterprise, and tax information is used exclusively for calculating taxes.

In practice, there is a combination of sections in one document for each type of accounting. It is also common to adopt separate Orders - on accounting policies for accounting purposes and on accounting policies for tax purposes.

Despite the listed reforms, the latest Regulations retained a number of original norms, which the legislator considered indisputable.

Yes, they have not been edited the following items:

  • The activity of the enterprise is considered continuous, i.e. it is considered that the enterprise does not intend to stop operating and will continue economic activities in the future and, as a result, fulfill debt obligations;
  • separation of the assets and liabilities of the enterprise and the assets and liabilities of the owner of this enterprise, as well as the assets and liabilities of other enterprises;
  • use of adopted and approved accounting policies consistently, period after period;
  • all business transactions are tied to the time of implementation and do not depend on their documentary or monetary support.

Latest PBU did not change the information quality criteria, adding to them only the timeliness parameter.

Innovations

As for PBU 1/2008, the latest edition of the standard dates back to 2015, and over the past year and a half, no innovations have been introduced into the document. However, all changes in accounting are reflected in the accounting policies of business entities.

The PBU itself states that the accounting policy amendments are made in three cases:

  • new legislation;
  • changes in the economic activity of the enterprise - change in the type of activity, expansion of the scale of production, reorganization, etc.;
  • selection of new accounting methods that more accurately reflect information.

Changes are effective from the new reporting period, unless the reasons for the amendments require earlier entry into force.

The standard document on UE, as stated, consists of two parts- policy for accounting purposes and policy for tax accounting purposes.

The reason for this combination is the requirements of the Tax Code of Russia and significant differences between the two forms of accounting, which have long been planned to be eliminated, but so far there has been little progress in this direction.

It is also possible to generate separate UE documents for each accounting.

What items does the UP for accounting contain:

  • reporting forms, accounting registers and primary documents, report forms for personal use within the enterprise;
  • chart of accounts necessary for accounting, including analytical, synthetic and subaccounts;
  • assessment methods;
  • regulations on the inventory of material and intangible objects, its rules and procedure;
  • procedure and methods of verification for financial and economic transactions;
  • methodology for working with accounting information and requirements for document flow;
  • other provisions.

In terms of tax accounting, it is more difficult to formulate a policy, since the tax legislation does not have clear guidelines and recommendations on this issue. As a rule, when compiling this section, accountants take as a basis an already developed accounting policy in compliance with the requirements of the legislation on taxes and fees.

Tax accounting is a set of legitimate methods for calculating income and expenses and related other parameters necessary for taxation.

What sections are included in the UE for tax accounting:

  • taxes paid;
  • methods for determining expenses and income, the moment of determining transactions and other features for each individual tax;
  • the presence or absence of separate accounting - a list of general business expenses and methods of their distribution between tax regimes;
  • reporting forms.

The legislator does not impose requirements on the type of document on accounting policies. Its form is chosen or developed by the head of the enterprise or the accounting department, but the document must be issued as an Order or Order.

Share:

Similar articles