This turtle swims her beautifully. Description of the largest turtle in the world. The largest habitat of representatives of one species

The most popular domestic reptiles in our country are turtles. Many owners of such animals are confident that keeping turtles is less burdensome than, for example, lizards or iguanas. This is precisely the main reason for buying such a pet for children or simply as a beautiful lively “toy” to satisfy the aesthetic taste. However, the unpretentiousness of turtles is a myth, and when starting a pet like this, it is important to know everything about the features of his life.

Turtles are, of course, beautiful and interesting reptiles in their behavior. The main feature that distinguishes this type of reptile from other animals is the presence of a shell. This strong and “practical” armor consists of the lower part - plastron and the upper - carapace. The shape, size, number of shields and carapace pattern are important species features of turtles.

It was the shell, in spite of its severity, that helped to preserve this reptile for a long 175 million years. All modern turtles have preserved the shell, although its shape and color are different for different species and depend on the habitat and the animal’s mode of existence. For example, in sea turtles, a significant part of the shell is absent, due to which these animals learned to move quickly. Soft-bodied turtles have a round, pan-like carapace, which makes it easy to dig into silt.

For many millennia of existence, these beautiful animals have not changed much, but the number of some species in recent centuries has reached a critical point. That is why it is important not only to carefully monitor the health of your pet, regularly showing it to the veterinarian-herpetologist, but also to pay serious attention to the contents of the turtle, its diet, maintaining the temperature in the terrarium, and swimming. You cannot start a turtle without first preparing a specially designated place for it and without having studied all the features of a turtle's life.

The most common “home” reptiles are land and freshwater turtles. When you start such animals, you need to know that most land animals are herbivorous, and freshwater animals are predators and omnivores. Therefore, the former should not receive proteins of animal origin (meat, eggs, cottage cheese, etc.). Their diet should consist of vegetables, fruits, berries, dandelion grass, clover, plantain. Conversely, a freshwater diet should consist mainly of “animal feed” snails, fish, squid, bloodworm shrimp, etc. For freshwater turtles, unlike land turtles, the industry produces a number of good dry feeds (Sulfur, Tetra, etc.)

Freshwater turtles

Freshwater turtles are inhabited by water bodies, rivers, lakes and swamps. Such animals spend most of their time in water, only occasionally crawling out onto land to bask in the sun. The most popular types of turtles as pets are: Trachemys scripta; European marsh turtle (Emys orbicularis); Chinese trionics or Far Eastern tortoise (Pelodiscus sinensis). When acquiring such reptiles, it is necessary to know their features and differences from each other.

Trachemys can most often be found in aquatic terrariums. This is a very beautiful reptile with bright red, yellow and orange spots that are located on the head from two sides, resembling the ears, for which the turtle earned its name. Young individuals up to six months have the most vivid color than more adult relatives. The upper part of their shell has a color from yellow-salad to emerald green. Over the years, it becomes olive or yellow-brown. In addition, on the shell there are drawings of bright yellow stripes and green circles.

This is a pretty mobile turtle, not only in water, but also on land. In addition, this beauty has very strong and sharp nails, which she often uses for self-defense. When taking the turtle out of the terrarium, you should be afraid of its hind legs, they will try to push off from their hands. And in general, do not bring it to the face and open areas of the body.

This is a water turtle that prefers shallow water. She swims well, quickly fingering, and hides at the bottom, under the stones, burrowing into the silt. Like most aquatic turtles, the European marsh is a predator.

This turtle has an oval smooth shell of dark olive color covered with yellow stripes and specks. The head, paws and neck are also dotted with large dots of yellow, the carapace is usually painted dark brown, less often yellow. The turtle has a long tail, which is approximately half the length of the shell, it serves as an additional “rudder” when swimming, the hind limbs are the main tool for this, rather long and sharp claws on the fingers.

This turtle swims and dives beautifully, can remain for a long time under water. However, after every 15-20 minutes, she needs to float to the surface to stock up on air. On land, European marsh turtles are not so active, but they still move faster than land turtles. On land, they bask in the light for a long time, but at the slightest danger they hide in the water.

This turtle has a greenish-brown shell with a glossy surface. In growth, it reaches 25-30 cm, on top is covered with soft skin without horny scutes. In young individuals, the “back” is covered with tubercles, which gradually disappear with age, and the carapace becomes almost flat. The neck of the trionix is \u200b\u200bvery mobile and long, and its muzzle is extended into the proboscis, at the end of which there are clearly visible nostrils. The powerful jaws of this predator have sharp cutting edges with which the turtle can cause serious injuries, which makes it quite dangerous. The wounds after such "bites" do not heal well, so you need to be very careful in handling this pet. In addition, sharp claws are also located on three fingers, which are also a threat. An unusual feature of trionix is \u200b\u200badditional skin respiration, along with pulmonary.

According to amateurs, the Chinese trionics is a very suitable candidate for keeping in a terrarium, since the ratio of water to land should be 5: 1, and it is very convenient to observe the behavior of the turtle. However, it must be kept separately, since Trionix can pose a threat not only to its owners, but also to other soft-bodied turtles.

Land turtles

Land turtles live in the steppes, forests and deserts. At a sufficiently high temperature, these animals move actively, because the processes in their body occur normally, and fall into hibernation, that is, hibernation closer to winter.

Such turtles eat plant food - any edible fruits and berries, cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots (grated or thinly sliced), lettuce, dandelions, clover, some cruciferous plants (leaves, flowers), young leaves of trees, but sometimes they eat and insects - earthworms, snails. Externally, land turtles are all similar, their differences are the color, shape of the shell, the number and type of shields and claws. The most popular pets are:

Central Asian or steppe turtles (Agronemys horsfieldii), Mediterranean turtles (Testudo graeca), Balkan tortoise (Testudo hermanni), Egyptian tortoise (Testudo kleimanni).

As a pet, this is the most affordable animal of all reptiles, it can most often be found in terrariums. The size of such a turtle reaches 18-30 cm, its carapace is relatively wide and round, painted with gray and green-yellow shades, the tail is thin and bony, in males it is much longer than in females. There are four fingers on the forelimbs of such animals, and the fingers of the hind legs are spliced. Such turtles are rather slow and very hardy to adverse environmental conditions, probably this makes them the most popular.

The Central Asian turtles rarely drink water, because in nature they practically do not have access to it. With an excess of moisture, they urinate, but in its absence they can do without urine. At the same time, a humid environment can provoke the development of pathogenic bacteria in such animals, therefore it is enough to bathe such a turtle sometimes. Central Asian people like to dig holes, so it is best for them to lay out the soil from coarse pebbles with a layer of at least 6-7 cm. Also, these turtles have big "claims" to light and ultraviolet, which must be taken into account when creating a place of residence for them.

The shell of such a tortoise is convex and high, it has a circular oval shape, usually slightly serrated at the edges. In size, it can reach 30 cm. Carapace has dark spots on a light olive or yellowish-brown background, which increase with age. Sometimes the spots merge, and the entire turtle acquires a dark, almost black color. On the back side of the shell there is one horny tubercle. On the front legs of such turtles are five fingers with claws. The tail is short and blunt. The head is covered from above with large symmetrical shields. An interesting difference between these turtles is the “spurs” on the back of the thighs.

Mediterranean turtles live in dry steppes, semi-deserts and slopes of mountains covered with shrubs, this must be taken into account and added to the "interior" of the terrarium, for example, sprouted cereals, which are also enjoyed by such a turtle for food. This animal is less “digging” compared to the Central Asian, therefore, the soil layer can be thinner, about 4-5 cm. Such turtles are active only in the morning, in the evening, at night and in the middle of the day, hide and even bury.

There are two subspecies - western and eastern, they differ in size, the eastern Balkan tortoise is much larger. The main difference between these animals from relatives is a conical-shaped spike at the tip of the tail, which is also slightly longer than other turtles. The high carapace of such reptiles is usually 14-16 cm, but in rare cases reaches 20 cm. In young representatives of this breed, the upper part of the carapace is brownish-yellow, in adults it darkens, and only a bright yellow border remains along the edge. Adult males are smaller than females, but their tails are longer and thicker.

In nature, the Balkan tortoise lives in dry steppes and shrubs, which should be taken into account, creating conditions for living in captivity. A very important factor in a comfortable existence is the humidity of the air and soil in the terrarium; moistening of the soil with spilled drinking water should not be allowed. Such turtles are very active, in the spring, summer and autumn in the mornings and evenings they move around their territory in search of a stranger. Balkan turtles tend to multiply together, they even climb onto each other, forming a pyramid, while males love to "sort things out", entering into a fight.

The Egyptian or Kleimann tortoise is the smallest of all land turtles. Its size is a maximum of 14 cm, while the length of the shell itself is 9-10 cm long. The males are slightly smaller than the females. The carapace is a very convex yellow-green hue with a black stripe along the edges of the segments. There are black spots on the ventral shields; on such turtles on the front legs there are five fingers with claws.

The Egyptian tortoise is also original in its way of life. Unlike most turtles, it is active in winter, and in summer goes into hibernation. This is due to the fact that in the summer in the homeland of Egyptian turtles there is intense heat, which they do not tolerate. These animals prefer a daily way of life, they can be kept several in a terrarium. Such reptiles live on average up to 30 years.

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Slide captions:

Mathematics teacher GBOU Lyceum №126 of St. Petersburg Gudkova Olga Viktorovna Multiplication and division of decimal fractions

Repetition What is a decimal notation of fractional numbers? What are the decimal places? What are the rules for adding (subtracting) decimal fractions? What are the rules for multiplying decimal fractions? What are the rules for multiplying decimal fractions by 10, 100, ...; at 0, 1; 0.01; ...

Oral calculations 3.08 + 0.2 2.54 + 0.06 8.2 - 2.2 6 - 0.02 4.7: 10 0.48: 4 0.9: 100 25.5: 25 0, 8: 16

The following task will help you find out who is hiding under such an unusual name. 10 12.5 50 0.8 4000 1 0 100 0.1 0.008 0.5 0.008 40 1 0 1 H E R E P A X A 0 0.5 1 0.008 40 1.125 0.01 0.1 X P A E P E A H 100 ×? \u003d Dermochelis ̶ what is it?

Turtles dermochelis live up to 200 years on the islands of the Pacific Ocean. They are so large that children can ride on their carapace. This turtle swims beautifully, its limbs turned into flippers. They make jewelry out of the shell, and eat eggs and meat. How much does one such turtle weigh? It turns out that if you increase this number by 0.024, and then subtract 3.227 from the product, you get 11.173. We will solve this problem. Let x kg be the mass of the turtle. 0.024x - 3.227 \u003d 11.173, 0.024x \u003d 14.4, X \u003d 600. Answer: 600kg.

Calculate the value of the expression: a) 5.6 2 - 3.2 2 \u003d b) (5.6 - 3.2) (5.6 + 3.2) \u003d 31.36 - 10.2 \u003d 21.12 2, 4 8.8 \u003d 21.12 What did you notice? Write equality in literal terms. a 2 - b 2 \u003d (a + b) (a - b) Find the sum of numbers: 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.3 + ... + 1.8 + 1.9 + 2

(5.8 + 20) m 5.8m P \u003d 2 × (a + b) P \u003d 2 × (27.5 + 25.8) \u003d 2 × 50.3 \u003d 106.6 (m) (7.5 + 20) m Challenge. Find the length of the fence surrounding the rectangular house if the length of the house is 7.5 m, width 5.8 m, and the fence is set at a distance of 10 meters from the house 7.5 m

Independent work 1) Calculate: 2.7 12 + 9936: 1000: 4.6 - 25.22: 26 2) Solve the equation: 21.87 - 323.91: x + 8.74 \u003d 12.9

Answers 33.59 X \u003d 18.3

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and summaries

Objectives: To generalize the material studied. To consolidate the knowledge, skills and abilities of addition and subtraction of decimal fractions in the course of solving problems. Expanding intersubject communications in the process of studying ...

This presentation is intended as an accompanying material to the first lesson of studying the topic "Addition and subtraction of decimal fractions" in grade 5 ...

Summary lesson

on this topic

"Integers"

in grade 5

Mathematic teacher

MBOU Gochitskaya secondary school

Republic of Buryatia

Togoshieva Valentina Baldanovna

Lesson objectives : repeat and systematize students' knowledge of the material covered, the development of logical thinking and cognitive interest in the subject.

Lesson plan:

1. Actualization of supporting knowledge.

A) Oral work.

B) Answers at the board.

C) Individual work.

2. The solution of the problem

3. Independent work in pairs.

4. The result of the lesson. House. Task No. 736

Organizational moment

Far, far away where even airplanes do not fly, is the Country of Mathematics. In this unusual country there is an amazing city-City of Numbers. In this wonderful city there is one unusual street called "Natural numbers". And today we will once again walk along this street, see all its sights, and the walk will take place according to such a plan (the teacher introduces the lesson plan).

Reiteration.

The most important thing on this street is the equation. Therefore, 3 people. go to the board to work on cards.

Card No. 1

a) Tell the rule how to find the unknown term and solve the equation.

B) Tell the rule how to find the unknown factor and solve the equation.

Card number 2.

a) Tell the rule how to find the unknown subtracted and solve the equation.

B) Tell the rule how to find the unknown reducible and solve the equation.

Card number 3.

a) Tell the rule how to find the unknown divisible and solve the equation.

B) Tell the rule how to find the unknown divisor and solve the equation.

At this time, the oral score is No. 634. After the oral score we hear the respondents at the blackboard.

Then a summary of the teacher on the table.

The solution of the problem.

Giant turtles live on the islands of the Pacific Ocean. They are so large that children can ride while sitting on their carapace. This turtle swims beautifully, its limbs turned into flippers. Tortoise shells make decorations, and eggs and meat are used as food.

Solve the equation: 8x-3683 \u003d 1117 and you will find out the mass of this turtle in kg.

Answer: 600kg.

Independent work in pairs.

№1.   The largest land animal is the African elephant. Find out:

A) height in cm., Solving an example: 125 * 4- (125 + 25) \u003d cm.

B) body length in cm, solving an example: 65 * 5 + 65 + 60 \u003d cm.

B) mass in kg .: 6500-2000 + 1500 \u003d kg.

№2 . Birds live on the globe, the unmistakable compilers of summer weather forecasts. The name of these birds is encrypted by tasks. Having completed them and replacing the answers with letters, you will read the name of the meteorological birds.

37003-8397=

722257+81673=

450:18=

21*15=

X + 605 \u003d 700

Y * 22 \u003d 1342

8a + 3a-2a \u003d

30u-2u \u003d

28y	803930						28606

№3.   “True, children, I'm good, looks like a big bag.

In the old days, I overtook ships on the seas. Who am I?".

In order to solve the riddle, complete the tasks and replace the answers with letters.

1)375843-286927=

2)161236+18765=

3) 20s-6s-3s \u003d

4) 5x + x \u003d

5)490:14=

6) 474 + p \u003d 500

7) 8x + 7x \u003d 105

180001				88916		11s

№4. Once a thunderstorm broke out in the English county of Cumberland, a strong wind pulled out trees with roots, forming funnels. In one of these craters, residents found some black matter. The name of this substance is encrypted in the tasks:

1)83005-59628=

2) 701960+85971=

3)3428:8=

4)43*24=

5) y-708 \u003d 194

6) 9x + 9x-4x \u003d

14x			23377	1032	787931

Checking independent work.

After checking, the teacher tells. Shepherds began to mark the sheep with pieces of graphite, and the merchants inscribed on baskets and crates. It happened in 1565. The first pencils had two drawbacks: they stained fingers and quickly broke. Pieces of graphite began to be wrapped with braid, cloth, and for strength they were mixed with sulfur, resin, antimony. Later clay and the mixture began to be added, burned in a furnace. Such a pencil, as we write today, appeared at the end of the 18th century.

Lesson summary.

So our walk comes to an end. I hope you liked it, and the results are as follows: ....

Homework: No. 736.

Turtles have earned respect for many factors. These reptiles are one of four species that live on planet Earth for about 220 million years. They are capable of doing thousands of kilometers wandering around the oceanmonths content with lack of food. And its size? Fossils of the archhelon (nautical turtles) weighing more than 2 thousand kg and with a powerful beak of 5 meters in total length were found.

Now the turtles have become smaller, but their dimensions are still quite impressive. Among all species the biggest turtles   - These are leathery ones that live in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans (shell caliber - about 1.7-8 meters, weight about 400 kg). Lichens can grow on their shells, which is logical - since the life span is about 200 years.

Those reptiles that live in the water will be larger - among freshwater reptiles you can find specimens with a shell caliber of about 2 meters. However, this is far from the limit: to your attention - the largest turtle in the world.

The largest turtle in the world - leatherback turtle

Thanks to science, a specimen that was caught on the West coast of Wales, with shell diameter   2.5 meters, weighing 915 kg and a front span of about 5 meters. He was characterized by such characteristics:

• The formation of this animal was different from its relatives. The carapace of this reptile consists of small horny shields (small ossifications). The largest are formed into longitudinal ridges, and the shell itself consists of fused bone plates. This kind of reptile has nowhere to pull its head in, however, such a giant absolutely does not need to hide from opponents. In the mouth bone spikes are locatedwith which the animal grinds food, and if necessary is able to completely bite a large stick.
• The skin shape of a leatherback turtle is best suited for swimming - it can reach speeds of 35 km per hour. Many other achievements belong to this reptile, one of them is the fastest water reptile. This turtle is a wonderful diver: its record of diving is 1280 meters. In addition, it is able to stay under water for 70 minutes.
• Her skin and muscles consist of a very strong layer of fat. It is known that 100 years ago people used it in order to impregnate the seams of boats. With museum conservation, fat continues to stand out from the stuffed animal, and this leads to a lot of problems.
• With its help, and also due to the dense cover, turtles are endowed with the ability to save a constant body temperature, however, for this she needs to eat continuously.
• The region of the leatherback turtle is the tropics, but reptiles can be found in northern and temperate latitudes. Data was recorded when the turtle covered a distance of 20 thousand km - from the US coast to the coast of Indonesia for 2 years.

Due to the possibility of not consuming water and food for a long time, sailors in the Middle Ages used turtles as “live canned food”. Thus, some species inhabiting the islands were completely exterminated. Although turtle meat is edible to humans, intestinal infections have been reported. Due to eating poisonous jellyfish, their toxins, harmless for turtlesbecome dangerous to people.

As for the offspring, its leathery reptile displays once for several years. During the breeding season, the female is capable of hatching about 700 eggs. To do this, with the help of her strong paws, she digs holes in the ground, which can be one and a half meters deep, fills them with testicles and bury them. Among the eggs can be unfertilized, under the weight of a layer of sand, they crack, thus creating a space for babies.

After the birth of the turtles creep up, while sand flippers as it happens when swimming. The path to the water is the most unsafe time for children, because crabs and birds are already waiting for them on the beaches, wanting to enjoy young animals. But despite all of the above, reaching the water, their chances of survival are growing exponentially.

Please note that the male of this type of tortoise is the only one who poses a real danger to humans. There were cases when, during the mating season, he perceived the swimmer as a female and for a long time did not let him out of a turtle's arms.

It is also surprising that the leatherback turtle is the largest in the world, it can deal with the shark by force, and it perishes from opponents, ten times smaller than it. On land, these are, for example, rats, goats, as well as pigs that previously simply did not live in the egg-laying areas. More recently, there was a case when one subspecies was transferred from a number of endangered to vulnerable, however serious danger   still remains. Another enemy of turtles, from which they have no salvation in sea water, is plastic. Reptile perceives colorless material as a jellyfish, after which it is swallowed and dies in torment.

What do leather turtles eat?

What is on the menu of the world's greatest tortoise? These are invertebrate inhabitants of the sea. For example, jellyfish are considered the adored delicacy of these turtles. Strange that the most huge turtles feed   mostly not the most nutritious food. They have to absorb a huge number of jellyfish in order to extract all the necessary nutrients to maintain their own weight.

To make eating jellyfish comfortable, turtles have a lot of sharp spikes in their throats aimed in the opposite direction, through which animals can hold the body of jellyfishthat resembles jelly in its own mouth.

How many leather turtles live?

Approved data on the average and maximum age of turtles does not yet exist. It is clear that turtles live a very long time, but the exact answer to the question regarding turtles of this species remains a mystery. Maybe this turtle is the longest-lived reptile in the world.

The best diver

The world's largest tortoises deep divingwhich are 1280 meters. And they have every chance to stay under water for 70 minutes. Experts cannot explain why they dive so deeply, since their jellyfish feeding area is located at a depth of about 300 meters. Evolution claims that animals adapt to newly minted living conditions, as well as feeding conditions. In the provided case, everything happens differently. Turtles go deep under water in a place where there is a lack of water, and where living conditions are even worse than on the surface.

The largest habitat of representatives of one species

Thanks to its own unique structure, this type of turtles is located on the greatest terrain. They live in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans. Due to their own large body mass, a large amount of fat and a special circulatory system, they can store body heat exceeding habitat water temperature. These turtles migrate serene to places where moisture can be cooler. The living of leatherback turtles from a satellite was recorded from the coast of North America and up to the southern point of Africa - Cape of Good Hope.

Biggest migration

Pacific leathery reptiles are involved in the greatest, most extreme and largest migration route. The strength of turtles to overcome a distance of 10 000 - 20 000 thousand km. According to the time it takes them up to 12 months. It is also striking that they travel this distance in order to return exactly to the same beach where they were born.

Additional interesting information

The turtle of this breed is considered a mesothermal animal, being neither genuinely cold-blooded nor genuinely warm-blooded. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the following are still related to mesothermic animals:

• Extinct dinosaurs;
• Great white shark;
• Echidna;
• Tuna.

During danger, the turtle defends itself vigorously, striking with strong flippersas well as floating its sharp jaws. Being wounded, the reptile traditionally emits a loud scream, depicted as a roar, moan or moo.