Hatching, resettlement and development spider. Sexual behavior. Reproduction When spiders appear

The size of babies born in the world varies in a wide range from 3-5 mm (for example, Cyclosternum spp. ) up to 1.5 cm in leg span of a Goliath tarantula Theraphosa blondi   . Newborn spiders of tree species, as a rule, are larger than those born from terrestrial tarantulas, and their number is usually noticeably smaller (as a rule, does not exceed 250 pieces).
  Young spiders are very mobile and at the slightest danger hides, runs away to the nearest shelter or quickly digs into the soil. This behavior has been observed for both terrestrial and woody species.

Hatching of juveniles from eggs of the same masonry occurs more or less at the same time. Before hatching, small spines form in the bases of the pedipalp of the embryo - "Egg teeth"with which he breaks the shell of the egg and appears "in the light." To the so-called postembryonic molting, occurring, as a rule, inside the cocoon, the hatched spider has very thin integuments, its appendages are not dissected, it cannot eat and lives off the yolk sac remaining in the intestine. This life stage is called Prelarva   (according to another classification - stage nymph) After the next molt (3-5 weeks), the prelarva passes to the stage "Larvae" (nymphs 2 stages), also not yet feeding, but slightly more mobile and already having primitive claws on its legs and developed chelicerae ( Vachon, 1957).

With the following ( postembryonic) molt spiders form, which, becoming more active and able to eat on their own, leave the cocoon and for the first time, as a rule, stick together and then scatter in different directions, starting an independent life.

Usually, after the juvenile leaves the cocoon, the mother no longer cares for her, but an interesting feature of the biology of species of the genus Hysterocrates sp. from the island of Sao Tome, which consists in the fact that young spiders live with the female for up to six months after leaving the cocoon. At the same time, the female takes real care for her children, not noted by any of the representatives of the tarantula spider family, actively protecting them from any possible danger and getting them food. Similar facts are known regarding Haplopelma schmidti (E. Rybaltovsky), as well as tarantulas Pamphobeteus spp. (various sources).

The biology and lifestyle of young spiders, as a rule, are similar to those of adult spiders. They arrange shelters for themselves, actively hunt for suitable food objects in size. The number of links throughout life varies, depending on the size of the spider and its gender (in males their number is always less), ranging from 9 to 15 per life. The total life span of female tarantulas is also very different.

  The only creatures that are tarantula hunters in nature are hawk wasps from the family Pompilidae   of which species of labor are well studied Pepsis    and Hemipepsis    (the largest ones reach 10 cm long), paralyzing a spider, laying an egg on its abdomen, the hatching larva from which during its further development eats such a peculiar “canned food” ( Dr. F. Punzo, 1999, S. Nunn, 2002, 2006).

Watch an interesting clip about it.

Kind of like Scolopendra gigantea   , individual copies of which reach 40 cm in length, able to cope with a spider of considerable size.

Also representatives of the genus Ethmostigmus   from Australia are known as predators of tarantulas of local fauna.

However, scorpions of childbirth Isometrus, Liocheles, Lychas, Hemilychas as probably some Urodacus   , not averse to eating juvenile tarantulas, but scorpions from the genus Isometroides    generally known as specializing in eating spiders, and can be regularly found in old burrows belonging to tarantulas ( S. nunn, 2006).

In addition to the tarantulas listed as natural enemies, large spiders are noted in nature Lycosidae   and for Australia also a spider Latrodectus hasselti   , in the networks of which the remains of adult male tarantulas were regularly found. And, undoubtedly, among invertebrate animals, the main enemy of tarantulas, like other spiders, are ants.

Considering the natural enemies of tarantulas, one can not stop at some vertebrate animals. Australian arachnologist Stephen Nunn   repeatedly observed as Australia's largest frog Litoria infrafrenata    (white-lipped tree frog) caught and ate sexually mature males. Similarly, the American toad aga introduced in Australia ( Bufo marinus   ), which is one of the natural enemies of terafoside in Central America, consumes the latter in Australia. In this regard, the fact of being in a hole with a female and 180 young, just emerging from a cocoon tarantulas species is interesting Selenocosmia sp. a small specimen of a toad-aga, which probably "ate" young tarantulas ( S. Nunn, 2006).

The development cycle from egg to imago is on average 20-21 days.

These flies, called humpbacks, can be confused with other flies - well known to many Drosophila.

However, Drosophila are extremely rare in tarantula terrariums and are distinguished by red eyes.

I would also like to note that, in addition to the previously mentioned species of frogs, representatives of a small group of diptera insects are also found in the burrows of spiders.

They lay eggs directly on the host spider itself or in the soil of its burrow. In this case, the larvae are concentrated in the area of \u200b\u200bthe mouth of the tarantula or in the substrate and feed on organic residues.

Interestingly, for the three South American species of tarantulas, Theraphosa blondi, Megaphobema robustum   and Pamphobeteus vespertinus   their specific species of dipterans is characteristic.

In domestic terrariums, as a rule, representatives of two groups of winged insects are found - humpback flies of the family Phoridae    (recently widespread among collectors around the world) and the so-called "potato flies."

  The vast majority of "potted flies" found in tarantulas terrariums are mosquito species of families Fungivoridae    and Sciaridae , and start in the containers of tarantulas with insufficient ventilation due to prolonged waterlogging of the substrate and its subsequent decay, as well as decomposition in high humidity of food debris and spider feces, as well as plant remains, resulting in the formation of fungal microculture, which their larvae feed on .
Fans of breeding flowers in greenhouses regularly encounter these insects. Also, sometimes they are found in the potted culture of indoor plants, from where, apparently, they got their name. They are smaller, thinner than two-winged families. Phoridae   , with dark wings and actively fly.

Family flies Phoridae    they look more pointed and hunchbacked in comparison with the “potted” ones, they fly very rarely - only when they are worried, mainly moving along the substrate with characteristic jerks.

You can get rid of them by replacing the substrate and disinfecting the tarantula terrarium, transplanting it into a new container. The drying of the substrate also helps, with the obligatory provision of a container of drinking water to the tarantula.

In general, they are completely safe for healthy spiders, but can cause them concern. However, these problems, as a rule, do not arise if there is good ventilation of the terrarium and the use of a ventilation net through which the penetration of dipterans is impossible.

However, it should be borne in mind that humpback larvae can penetrate into cocoons that are torn off by tarantulas and eat eggs and developing larvae, as well as develop on weakened and sick individuals. Adults can also be carriers of various diseases, including transfer nematode eggs.

Finally, I note that in terrariums with tarantulas rarely found representatives of invertebrates, usually brought with a substrate, are columbola and wood lice, which also do not harm them. However, some collectors specifically populate terrariums with tarantulas with tropical woodlice culture Trichorhina tomentosa because they feed on the spider's metabolic products and destroy the excess organic residues in the substrate.

What you need to know about tarantulas, what difficulties arise in their maintenance and handling, and what conditions must be created so that they not only feel good at home, but also reproduce?

Little is known about the life cycle of the vast majority of tarantulas. We can only assume that it is similar to the cycle of those few carefully studied species, and make certain additions to it based on factors such as seasons, temperature, humidity, and habitat. Be careful! These assumptions can easily lead you astray. They tried to adapt terafoside for too long under the existing formulas. Surprises await us, and assumptions can only serve as a starting point. This requires other areas of research. Everything that is stated here can concern only North American species, but not at all true for species from Africa, Asia, etc.

   Maturation

In the life of every tarantula there is one significant molt (if he, of course, lives on to it) - this is an adult or the largest molt.

The duration of puberty depends very much on the type of tarantula, the gender of the individual, physical condition, nutritional conditions and other factors unknown to us. For example, male tarantulas mature one to one and a half years earlier than their sisters, but inadequate nutrition can drag out this process for two years or more (Baerg 1928).

In one of the North American species, this molt occurs at 10-12 years of life (Baerg 1928). Males of the species Aphonopelma anax can mature at the age of two to three years (Breene 1996), and some tropical tarantulas (for example, Avicularia species) mature even faster, possibly even by the age of 8 months (Chagrentier 1992).

Among individuals of one brood, males mature much earlier than females. One of the hypotheses explaining this fact is that such maturation at different times prevents the mating of brothers and sisters, and accordingly, preserves the genetic diversity.

Another hypothesis suggests that males need less time to reach full body weight, as they have less than females. Hence the conclusion that females need more time to develop large reproductive organs and gain more body weight in preparation for ovulation. If this hypothesis is true, then the avoidance of kinship is only a secondary phenomenon. Before the next molt, all tarantulas belonging to the same species seem more or less similar, and even after maturation, the adult female still looks very similar to a big teenager.

The male, however, undergoes a radical transformation during its maturation after the final molt. He develops longer legs and a smaller abdomen than the female. In most species, the front pair of legs now has protruding, pointing forward hooks on each lower leg.

Male Brachypelma smithi. Tibial hooks and bulbs on the pedipalps are visible.

Male Brachypelma smithi. Tibial hooks are visible on the first pair of walking legs.

The male’s character also changes (Petrunkevetch 1911): instead of a balanced, reclusive behavior, he acquired an excitable, hyperactive temperament characterized by impetuous starts, quick movements, and a strong desire for a change of place. For the male, this brewing molt is final. In short, this is the beginning of the end. His days are numbered.

One of the most important transformations takes place in his pedipalps. While his sister's pedipalps still resemble walking legs, his pedipalps look like they are wearing boxing gloves. But make no mistake: he is a lover, not a fighter! The bulbous ends of his pedipalps are now very complex and adapted for use as specific genital organs. The end segments on the pedipalps have changed from relatively simple tarsuses and claws to the complex secondary genital organs, used to enter sperm into the female genital tract.

Sex Life

Little is known about the sexual behavior of wild tarantulas. In fact, all that we really know is the result of observing spiders living in captivity, and such content can radically change habits and instincts. We report here only the little that we know about the wild habits of tarantulas and can only hope for more extensive research in this area.

Charging

Soon after the final molt, the male tarantula spins a web of sperm and thereby prepares himself for a sexual career (Baerg 1928 and 1958; Petrankevich 1911; Minch 1979). This sperm web usually looks like a silky tent, open in two directions. But in general, it can occur in one of two options. Some species build it with only two open ends. Others weave it, which also opens from above. In this case, the male will spin an additional small patch from the special web inside (apparently, with its epiandrous glands) adjacent to the upper edge. If there is no open top, then he will spin such a patch inside and adjacent to the edge of one of the open ends. Turning upside down under this web, he will then deposit a drop of his semen on the underside of that small patch. Then he scrambles to the top of the web, clinging to the pedipalps, first one, then the other, stretches out through the top (if it is open), or through the open end (if the top is closed) and charges his bulbs with sperm. This process is called sperm induction.

The sperm with which he charges his bulbs is still inactive. After sperm are formed in the testes, they are encapsulated in a protein capsule and remain inactive until the male is urged to fertilize the female (Foelix 1982).

After “charging” his pedipalps, the male leaves the sperm web and goes to look for the female, which can be looked after. During his wandering, the male is in the conditions usual for any predator in this environment, and therefore he must be hyperactive even if only to survive and mate. Thus, male hyperactivity is a necessary survival feature. Where does the male weave his first sperm web? Within his hole before he leaves the web or after he leaves the hole to search for the female? Nora seems to be a very cramped place to perform the necessary movements, but she is much safer than open space.

The male will weave several sperm webs and charge the tips of his pedipalps more than once. He is capable of mating several times during his sexual career. But so far there is very scarce data indicating how many times the male is able to recharge his pedipalps, or how many females he can fertilize. Where does the male build additional sperm cobwebs after he leaves his hole? Does he prefer secluded places under a rock or other shelter, or does he just stop at any place where there is an object that can be used as a vertical support, not paying attention to the rest of the world? Most likely, the answers to these questions depend on the species of the tarantula. Obviously, more extensive research is needed. The righteous girls he usually seeks remain at home, waiting for their boyfriends. Of course, the greater the distance that he covers, the more likely he is to find a female ready for mating. The males used to find them, leaving almost two kilometers from their home (Dzhanowski Bell 1995).

  The Taming of the Shrew

Females are discovered, probably due to some kind of feelings (we cannot say with certainty their taste or smell) and the tactics of weaving nets around their holes (Minch 1979). When the sperm web is intertwined, the male will start very gently tapping her feet at the entrance to the hole of the female in an attempt to arouse her interest. If this does not produce the desired effect, he will try to crawl very carefully into her hole. At some point in his movement, he will come into contact with the female, and there are two possible scenarios. It can be met by an almost explosive attack. In this case, the female can pounce on him like a fierce tiger, with fangs naked and the clear intention of having lunch instead of sex. The male should try to hastily retire from the hole or become the main course in his bride's menu.

In another scenario, the female first ignores him, behaving modestly and stubbornly seeking her location. In this case, the male will lower his millet until it lies on the surface, while holding the opistosome high in the air. He extends his fore legs and pedipalps to the female and, in this position of extreme supplication, drags his body back. This ingratiating look almost always works, and while the male pulls himself backward, the female modestly follows him. From time to time, he suspends his retreat, still maintaining a subordinate position of the body, alternately pushing and pushing his pedipalps and forelegs, first on the left side, then on the right, then again on the left to maintain the interest of the female. So, step by step, they move in an unusual procession from a hole to the surface.

The courtship of araneomorphic spiders (the Araneid, Pizorid, Salticid and Lycosid families, for example) is often very complex and bizarre. At these spiders, the male performs a small dance or plucks spider webs from the female’s network in a special way, which, as it were, turns off her predatory instinct and replaces it with a willingness to accept an assistant in the matter of procreation. Some males in the Pizorida family even go on to offer the female a newly caught insect before mating.

Courtship among tarantulas is relatively simple and straightforward. Males (and sometimes females) often twitch and strike their pedipalps and feet on the ground before mating. However, this is not as difficult a dance as Araneomorph. To date, there have been no seriously recorded attempts to identify differences in mating rituals among different species of tarantulas. It is generally very difficult for these spiders to determine whether they are currently ready to mate or not. Perhaps this reminds us of who they are, and that the sign mistakenly given by the male is a sure way for him to be attacked and eaten.

Somewhere in the open, when the female is no longer in a familiar area, the male may try to carefully approach it. By this time, when he seduced her and lured her out of the shelter, she already recognized him as a boyfriend and remained motionless. The male can touch it with the tips of the front pair of legs or tap them on the ground, or on the female several times in a row. After a short pause, he can resume his movements. Usually, the male does these manipulations several times until he is convinced that the female does not plot anything criminal in relation to him. In fact, the sequence of events, the exact number of all movements, and the type of foreplay vary depending on the species of the tarantula and can be an important key to understanding their phylogenesis (Platnek 1971). However, no one has yet conducted truly serious studies of the sexual behavior of these spiders.

Copulation

If the female is still passive or if she approaches too slowly, the male carefully moves closer, moving its front legs between its pedipalps and chelicera. At the same time, the female will raise and spread her fangs. This is not an expression of hostility, but rather a willingness to mate. The male captures her fangs with his tibial hooks in order to give a stable position to both himself and his girlfriend. It is a mistake to assume that in this way the male makes the female motionless and disarms her. Nothing like this! At this moment, she is as keen on intimacy as he is. The authors have witnessed many cases when it was the female who took the lead, herself starting to mate with the male! After the male has reliably captured the fangs of the female, he pushes her to the millet back and forth. At this moment, he stretches out his pedipalps and gently strokes the lower part of her abdomen. If she remains calm and obedient, he will open the embolus of one pedipalpa and carefully insert it into the gonopore of the epigastric groove of the female. This will be the actual act of copulation. After penetrating into it, the female sharply bends almost at right angles to the male, and the female, having emptied one pedipalpa, quickly inserts and empties the other.

After copulation, the male keeps the female as far from himself as possible, until he can safely unhook his front legs and ask the striker! The female often pursues him for a short distance, but is extremely rarely full of determination. Although she is one of the predators he must run away from, she is usually more interested in simply driving him away from herself. Contrary to legend, the lover spider lives in order to seduce as many innocent virgins as possible, there is good reason to believe that he just might return another evening to mate with a compliant female for the second or third time.

A few weeks or months after maturation, depending on the species, the tarantula male begins to slowly fade away and eventually dies. Rarely do they experience winter, and even less often, spring (Baerg 1958). To date, there is no reliable data on the life expectancy of males of most species, although the authors contained several males who lived about 14-18 months after the final molt.

Undoubtedly, old weak males in nature become easy prey and probably therefore have a shorter life span than in captivity. In West Texas, the authors put together a large collection of male tarantulas both in early spring and mid-April. Most of these males, judging by their exhausted appearance, were apparently survivors from the previous fall. A small but significant part of them (perhaps every fifth or sixth) did not seem either exhausted or showing signs of loss of bristles or any physical damage.

It could be assumed that in warmer areas, some species of tarantulas can molt and breed much earlier than they once thought. Subsequently, Brin (1996) described the mating cycle of Athos anaxopax anax from southern Texas, in which males matured and mated with females at the very beginning of spring.

In many parts of the tropics, some tarantulas (for example, the genus Avicularia) molt and breed regardless of the season due to the stable temperature, humidity and abundance of food (Charpentir 1992).

Baerg (1928, 1958), and later Minch (1978), argued that the female does not have enough time to lay eggs between breeding in early spring and molting in the midst of summer. If this were true, then such pairing would be inconsistent. However, Breen (1996) carefully described the situation that occurs with Anaxopelma anax.

The authors' experience with captive tarantulas of the genus Brachipelm showed that mating until December and after mid-winter (January in Canada) is usually fruitless. Thus it turned out that the mating seasons and egg laying differ for each species, and often radically. These creatures constantly present us with unexpected surprises, especially when we think we know the answers to all the questions.

Motherhood

Baerg (1928) reports that wild female tarantulas in Arkansas (for example, Aphonopelma hentzi), laying eggs, plug the entrances to their burrows shortly after mating, and so winter. The sperm that the male passed on was carefully provided with shelter in her spermathecus until next spring. And only next spring she will spin a cocoon the size of a walnut, containing a whole thousand eggs or more. She will take care of him, carefully airing her hole and protecting him from predators. Protecting offspring, the female can be very aggressive.

Egg laying time is significantly different. Here are some of the factors that determine postponement:

1.   A species of tarantula;
2.   The geographical latitude of the homeland of the female tarantula;
3.   Prevailing climate;
4.   Hemisphere.

There may also be other factors, but there are so many of them in reality that any generalizations here may not be appropriate.

Tarantulas from Arkansas (Afonopelma Entzi) usually lay their eggs in June or July (Baerg 1958), and those from West Texas a month earlier. In captivity, exotic species of tarantulas can lay eggs in early March. Apparently, this is the result of their detention in the house in an artificial climate.

Fertilization of eggs occurs during their laying, and not during mating, as one might assume. The insemination of the female apparently performs at least two functions. This can stimulate her to produce eggs, and at the same time isolates inactive sperm in a convenient, protected place until the right moment.

Females of most vertebrates ovulate regardless of whether or not there was contact with the male. Chickens constantly lay eggs (whether fertilized or not), in women, women undergo ovulation and monthly cycles in the complete absence of sexual intercourse. It is not yet clear whether this happens with tarantulas or not. The authors contained many females who did not begin to produce eggs until fertilization by the male. Being smooth and slender before, they became bloated and heavy for several weeks after mating. It can be assumed that mating or the presence of viable sperm in the spermateca of the female prompted her to start producing eggs.

On the other hand, Baxter (1993) suggests that female tarantulas can produce eggs even without mating. This may be due to the start of the breeding season, the abundance of available food, or even the simple proximity of the male of the corresponding species. The authors have many females who look extremely heavy and well-fed, but who have not mated for many years. If they were full of eggs, the Baxter hypothesis would be confirmed. If they simply were full of adipose tissue, the previous hypothesis would be confirmed. But the authors can not sacrifice any of their pets, so this question remains unanswered. These two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and both may turn out to be correct depending on the circumstances. These creatures exist for too long not to develop an extensive repertoire of little tricks to confuse us.

With a constant population of 150 to 450 adult tarantulas, most of whom are females, for more than 25 years, the authors had only one female laying eggs without being fertilized by the male. In this case, the female Athos of Texas lived in captivity for more than 3 years and underwent three molts. In the fourth spring, she produced a cocoon, but the eggs did not develop. Baxter (1993) also reports the laying of infertile eggs by the unfertilized females of the Psalm-peus Cambridge. In a personal letter, Brin said that he had observed this phenomenon almost thirty times! We are not sure about the time of development of the cocoons of most tarantulas in nature, but it undoubtedly varies depending on the ambient temperature and the species of the spider. Some more information is known about the development periods of some species of tarantulas, when the eggs were kept in an incubator. The periods associated with the development of eggs of various tarantulas are presented in table XII. It must be emphasized that these data are valid only for the conditions of an artificial incubator.

The larvae of the tarantulas of Afonopelm Entzi emerge from the cocoons in July - early August and leave the mother’s hole in about a week or a little later (Baerg 1958). Shortly after this, the female will moult. If she did not mate in time to lay fertilized eggs, she would begin to molt a little earlier, perhaps in late spring or early summer. Afonopelma anax from southern Texas lays eggs in June - July, and sheds in August - early September (Breen 1996). Thus, as soon as the mating has occurred, the schedule for the remaining females becomes approximately the same as that of the Afonopelm entzi species.

Along with the rest of the exoskeleton, the lining of the spermatheca with sperm remains will be discarded, and our lady will again become a virgin.

  - These are animals that from time immemorial arouse in people both interest and fear. Each spider is interesting for its unique features of living, obtaining food, breeding.

In this article, we will cover these topics, consider the causes of the appearance of the web in our homes, and explore effective ways to breed spiders.

A bit about spiders

Today on our planet is found about 40 thousand species of spiders. Only a few of them live in Russia. Most of them live in open nature, but quite often appear in people's homes.

In fact, only a few species can live indoors. The spider and cobwebs in the house often scare people, and you should understand that these arthropods are not interested in people, they are afraid of them and will never attack first.

Tired of pest control?

In the country or in the apartment cockroaches, mice or other pests wound up? You need to fight with them! They are carriers of serious diseases: salmonellosis, rabies.

Many summer residents are faced with pests that destroy the crop and damage the plants.

It has the following properties:

• It relieves mosquitoes, cockroaches, rodents, ants, bugs
• Safe for children and pets
• Mains powered, no recharging required
• No addictive effect on pests
• Large area of \u200b\u200bthe device

Black and White Domestic Spiders

The most common domestic types of spiders are:

• Haymaker, which has a small body and very long legs, reaching a length of 5 cm.
• Gray home spider.
• Tramp.
• Black house spider. They live in a house and weave in the corners a pipe-shaped web, which is a serious trap for its victims. They are quite large in size, their length is about 13 mm. They rarely bite a person, but if this happens, it happens very unpleasantly and painfully, because it can cause consequences such as allergies, edema, vomiting, dizziness and general malaise of the bitten.
• White spiders   come in different species, and live in different countries. So, for example, in the southern part of Russia, as well as in the countries of the Middle East, you can meet karakut. In Africa, the "white lady" lives. In North America, southern Europe, Japan and Russia, there is a "white flower spider". White spiders are rarely found in the house, they usually live in nature, in the garden, in the woods, and their bite is the most dangerous for humans, and can even lead to death.

Many lovers of spiders turn them on purpose, in order to add exotic to their home, and they can also be attributed to home. The most famous white spider among these pets is white-hair tarantula.

I regularly inspect my site, the result makes me very happy! I really liked that it works on a solar battery. I advise everyone to repel them. "

What do spiders look like?

Each species of spiders looks unique. Exotic spiders living in terrariums, as a rule, are striking in their impressive size, fleecy surface and bright colors.

House spiders look more modest:

• For example, a haying spider has a small body and very long legs, reaching a length of 5 cm.
• Black spiders are black or dark gray in size, approximately 13 mm in size.
• Gray spiders are very similar to black spiders of the same size.
• The tramp spider is brown and light brown in color, with an elongated abdomen and long legs.

Many species of spiders differ in their speed of movement, cobwebs, search for food, appearance, but the number of paws is the same for everyone - there are 8 of them.

The limbs of spiders differ in size and cover, but their main functions are inherent in all types of arthropods:

1. The paws are a vehicle for spiders. Someone has the peculiarity of moving, jumping, someone uses lateral walking, someone runs on the water, and some change their location, stomping loudly.
2. The limbs are carriers of many receptors: smell, touch, balance. They help spiders to recognize danger, to find food.
3. The function of the legs is web weaving. Thanks to this ability, spiders are able to get food.
4. Spider-parents hold tentacles and move their cocoon to another place. For these purposes, spiders have such a large number of limbs that simultaneously serve as their hands, nose, eyesight and even the so-called “sixth sense”.

Stories of our readers!
"They always used fertilizers and top dressing in their garden. A neighbor said he soaked the seeds using a new fertilizer. Seedlings grow strong and strong.

Ordered, followed the instructions. Wonderful results! We did not expect this! We collected a wonderful harvest this year, now we will always use only this tool. I recommend a try. "

Types of spiders in Russia

There are a lot of varieties of spiders in Russia, the most common among them are:

1. Serebryanka   - This is the only species that lives on and below the water. The habitat is marshy ponds of Russia. Refers to poisonous spiders.
2. Cross spiderliving in a temperate climate, on grass and branches of bushes and trees. Has a cruciform pattern at the top of the abdomen. Non-hazardous to humans.
3. South Russian Tarantula   - lives in semi-desert and steppe regions of Russia, lives in holes. It is a poisonous and dangerous type of spider for humans.
4. House spidersliving closely with a person and safe for him. Weave a web in the most inconspicuous corners of the room.
5. Knitting spiderhaving the feature of camouflaging and becoming invisible. Refers to non-toxic representatives of arachnids.
6. Horse spider   - jumping small spider. It has the peculiarity of climbing glass and capturing its victim without the help of a web.
7. H black widow (karakut)   - the most dangerous type of spider for humans. He lives in the Astrakhan and Orenburg regions, as well as in the North Caucasus.

Are spiders insects or animals?

Many are interested in this issue, some people believe that spiders are insects, however, this is not so.

Spiders belong to the class of arachnids, and belong to animal speciesand not insects, despite the incredible resemblance to the latter. Arachnids were born 300 million years earlier than insects.

Both of these species formed separate classes that have obvious differences:

• Insects:   have 6 legs, insects such as arthropods belong to the class, for the most part they are omnivorous creatures. The main departments of the structure of insects: head, chest, abdomen, wings.
• Spiders have 8 legs, belong to the class of arachnids like arthropods, are very selective in food, are born hunters. It consists of only two sections - the abdomen, from which the paws grow, and the cephalothorax, on which the spider's mouth apparatus is located. Has the ability to weave a web.

What do spiders eat?

Spiders, despite their small size, consume a large amount of food, however, they may not eat for a long time - from a month to a year. An interesting fact is that over the year the mass of food eaten by spiders exceeds the amount of food consumed by all people in the world.

Each species of spiders has its own methods of obtaining food:

1. Creating traps using weaving cobwebs. Caught prey is processed by digestive juice, which corrodes it from the inside, after which the spider swallows it.
2. Search for food by spitting out sticky saliva, which allows you to attract food to yourself.

What spiders eat:

1. The main diet of both street and domestic spiders are insects. Spiders in a private house feed on flies, mosquitoes, crickets, butterflies, flour worms, cockroaches, grasshoppers, larvae of woodlice. Read the answer to the question in more detail.
2. Spiders living in minks or on the surface of the soil like to eat bugs, orthopterans, and even snails and earthworms.
3. Some species hunt at night. For example, the queen spider creates a trap for moths at night.
4. Exotic spiders, by virtue of their impressive size, choose larger prey for themselves. So, tarantula spiders prefer to hunt frogs, lizards, other spiders, mice, and even small birds. A Brazilian tarantula is able to catch and eat small snakes and snakes.
5. Spiders living on water catch with the help of a web of tadpoles, small fish or midges floating on the surface of the water.
6. Some spiders use the plant world as a food source: pollen, plant leaves, cereal grains.

How do spiders give birth?

By their nature, mature males differ significantly from females in their small size, bright color, and low life expectancy. Found in nature, as a rule, they are much less common.

In some species of spiders, males are not found at all. It's believed that spider female has the ability to virgin egg development, therefore, can breed offspring without even being fertilized.

The male independently fills the genitals with sperm and goes in search of the female. Some species of spiders bring a gift to the "lady of the heart" - an insect, as attention and approval by it. Males try to care as much as possible so as not to be eaten by a female. They perform a wedding dance - the rhythmic movement of the paws on their own web.

Some species of spiders fight on the web of females, while others mate with males. Many males, in order to avoid the threat from the female, mate at the time of the moult she has endured, while she is still helpless. After all, a often fertilized spider strives to eat its partner. Sometimes the male manages to escape.

Some species of spiders create families: live in one nest, raise offspring, share prey. There are cuckoo spiders that throw their cocoons into the nests of other relatives.

Spider female can breed at a time up to 200,000 children. Such an incredibly large offspring can bring both large and very tiny species of spiders. Spider eggs survive two molts before reaching the adult stage.

An interesting fact is that spiders have the ability to independently cause their birth in the case of a sick or weak offspring.

How many spiders live?

The life span of spiders depends primarily on their species. Most spiders have many enemies and rarely survive to natural death.

Spider Life Span:

• So, some live only a couple of months, while others can live for several years. And about six months spent on the stage of the egg.
• The life cycle of males ends much faster than the cycle of spiders. Subject to a comfortable stay, males live only two years, but females can live up to ten years.

There are also such records:

• Some female tarantula spiders can live for more than twenty years.
• Sicarius spiders living in South America and Africa can live up to 15 years.
• Some tarantulas can live twenty years.
• It is clear that the species of spiders, which are the pets of humans and living in captivity, have a longer life. History knows cases when such spiders survived to thirty years.

Are home spiders dangerous to humans?

All spiders are poisonous in nature, but the dose of poison of domestic spiders is not significant for humans.   Therefore, in the case of a bite, which is extremely rare, you just need to treat this place with an antiseptic. They can be dangerous only for people suffering from arachnophobia (fear of arachnids).

There are benefits from several individuals living in the apartment, because they destroy insects, which, as a rule, cause discomfort and pose a danger to people. Of course, if spiders are found on every corner - this creates a feeling of aesthetic rejection and unsanitary conditions in the house, so they should be brought out.

How to get rid of spiders in the house?

In order to completely forget about the spiders in your apartment, you must use the following measures to combat spiders:

1. Create a clean living environment.   Spiders are very afraid of cleanliness, so regular and thorough cleaning of the room can bring such residents. Particular attention should be paid to the most secluded corners: the rear walls of the furniture, the bottom of the beds, the ceiling and the walls.
2. Use special preparations for spiders:   aerosols, crayons, gels, as well as ultrasound. Chemicals such as Butox-50, Tarax, Neoron have proven themselves well.
3. Make repairs in the house.   Spiders do not tolerate the smell of wallpaper glue, paint and whitewash.
4. Use folk remediesThey are safer and more proven for years. The most famous cure for spiders is chopped hazelnuts, chestnut and orange, which must be laid out in all corners of the house. The smell of these fruits is unbearable for spiders.
5. Limit the access of spiders to your apartment:   Coat all cracks and cracks around windows and doors, check for openings, window mesh, walls, sewers, and eliminate them.
6. It is necessary to call the appropriate specialists,if unable to cope with the invasion of spiders.

It must be remembered that the most effective method of destruction is a complex one.

The reasons for the appearance of spiders in the house

Spiders are very voracious animals. None of them will choose such a place of residence where there is no food for them.

Therefore, before removing such residents, you need to figure out where the spiders come from:

1. There are a lot of insects in your apartment: midges, cockroaches, ants, flies, mosquitoes.
2. Accessibility to the entrance to the room. Through open windows, small cracks, flowers brought from the street, not only the spiders themselves can get into your house, but also the insects that these eight-legged love so much.
3. Warm temperature in the house. In the autumn, street spiders seek a warmer place to stay.
4. Favorable humidity level.

The signs of the spiders

From ancient times, it is believed that spiders have the ability to bring good or bad news. Almost every action committed by a spider, or events in which a person met him, have their own explanations in folk signs.

Signs about the spiders:

• Spider on the street.   If you meet a spider in the morning - you will find failure, in the evening - to the good news. Caught in the web - expect trouble.
• Spider in the house.   They saw a spider in their house - a good sign, it will help you get rid of bad thoughts and avoid quarrels. If the spider runs on a table or floor - this is a move.
• Where to move.   It creeps towards you - to profit, creeps away from you - to loss.
• How to move.   If the spider has descended on the web from the ceiling - expect an unexpected guest. A spider crawling up alerts you of good news. If a spider sank down on a person’s head, a gift should be expected, on hand - money.
• Spiders and weather.   If a spider folds its cobweb into the rain, catch a web on its face in clear weather. If you see a spider weaving a web, then the weather will change.

Bad signs about spiders:

• Crushing a spider is the deprivation of good luck and health, that's why you can not kill spiders.
• If the spider descends along the wall - to an early loss.
• If the newlyweds met a spider - unfortunately in marriage.
• If a girl saw a web over the door - to the betrayal of her partner.
• The web near the icons is bad news.

If the meeting with the spider still upset you, do not be offended by it, since it is just a messenger of upcoming events.

Conclusion

There are a variety of species of spiders, but we can only meet with a few of them in everyday life.

Spiders feed on insects, so if they wound up at your home or in the garden, do not despair, as they can save you from annoying ants, bugs, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches. In addition, these arthropods may bring you some news.