Large Arctic reserve protected objects. Large Arctic, state nature reserve. The reserve Big Arctic and its wildlife
In the areas of the reserve, the vegetation characteristic of high latitudes is comprehensively represented. The main type of vegetation of the tundra is mosses and lichens that endure the harsh conditions of the Arctic. They paint the tundra in various colors, from bright yellow to black. To the north, lichens are more dominant over other plants that are not able to go through all stages of their development during a short polar summer and do not bloom annually. Arctic plants are stunted, their branches are spread on the ground, and root systems grow mainly in the horizontal direction. The Arctic desert is practically devoid of vegetation: there are no bushes, lichens and mosses do not form a continuous cover. The total coverage of plants is calculated here with only a few percent.
The severity of the climate of the Arctic North affects the fauna of the region, so it is not surprising that the wildlife of the reserve is not rich in species, but many of its representatives are listed in the International Red Book, the Red Book of Russia and the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. All animals are united by the specifics of adaptation to life in polar conditions.
The fauna of birds of the Great Arctic Reserve includes 124 species, of which 55 species reliably nest on its territory. The rest were met during migration and roaming; for 41 species, flies are known. The characteristic inhabitants of the tundra are the white owl and the tundra partridge, which do not leave the harsh Taimyr in the winter. Such birds as the Siberian eider, white and pink gulls almost all year round do not go beyond the limits of the Polar basin. With the onset of spring, thousands of flocks of white-fronted geese, black geese, and various northern waders arrive in the Arctic. The reserve contains rare species of gulls.
The fauna of the mammal reserve has 16 species. Among them are reindeer, wolf, arctic fox, ermine, walrus, musk ox, polar bear. Biologists note that the ban on hunting polar bears has led to a significant increase in its numbers. Both single bears and bears with cubs are regularly found in settlements and polar stations.
The ichthyofauna of the reserve totals 29 species of fish. Most of them belong to the families of salmon and whitefish. The most common species in the fresh waters of the main reserve are arctic char, omul, muksun and vendace, Siberian grayling. Sea water areas are represented by saiga, ice-water slingshot, polar flounder. Siberian sturgeon, sterlet, nelma and pike are found on the territory of the Brekhov Islands wildlife sanctuary.
Arctic Reserves: The Big Arctic, Franz Josef Land, Wrangel Island, “Russian Arctic”. Flora and fauna. Expeditions to the Arctic.
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The main "trick" of Wrangel Island is the world's largest concentration of generic polar bear dens.
Great Arctic Reserve
The Big Arctic Reserve is the largest conservation area in Russia and the third largest in the world. The reserve is perfectly adapted for receiving tourists - a lot of interesting routes have been laid on its territory, here you can not only see the beautiful nature of the north, but also get acquainted with the life of indigenous peoples, appreciate the magnificence of the flora and fauna of the region, go rafting and diving.
A feature of the Great Arctic Reserve is a huge variety of landscapes. Its territory extends over more than 4000 hectares, including almost 1000 hectares of marine water. The reserve is located in Taimyr and occupies the coast and islands of the Arctic Ocean, washed by the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea.
There are seven conservation areas in total, all of which are located beyond the Arctic Circle and represent the tundra. However, it would be a mistake to believe that the tundra landscape is dull: there are a lot of mosses and lichens, you can see undersized shrubs and a considerable number of representatives of the animal world - partridges, owls, gulls, arctic foxes, wild reindeers and polar bears.
Wrangel Island
The northernmost nature reserve in Russia, Wrangel Island is located above 71 ° north latitude, only 19 ° south of the North Pole. Its unique landscapes of the Arctic tundra with its permafrost and minimal vegetation annually attract masses of nature lovers from around the world. A distinctive feature of the Wrangel Island nature reserve is its strategic position in the immediate vicinity of the Bering Strait. Once North America and Eurasia were connected by a strip of land here, and after raising the level of the world ocean, the islands of the strait were isolated from the continents, and life developed here according to its own laws. As a result of this, today in the reserve there are about 40 endemic species that are not found anywhere else on the planet.
The main "trick" of Wrangel Island is the world's largest concentration of tribal polar bear dens - and it is not difficult to meet predators during a safari tour. Among other things, there are the largest rookeries of the Pacific walrus, and there are also the largest colonies of seabirds in the eastern Arctic. In particular, the only goose colony in Asia is located here. And in the reserve you can see the Neolithic site of hunters over 3000 years old.
The reserve territory is closed for visiting from May to August.
Franz Josef Land
The nature reserve "Franz Josef Land" is located on the territory of the archipelago of the same name, lying above 80 ° north latitude. There are 196 islands in the archipelago, and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe national park is a record 4.2 million hectares, which, combined with 2.6 million hectares of protected marine areas, makes this reserve one of the largest in Russia. Among other things, the archipelago is the northernmost part of the land of Eurasia, separated from the mainland 1220 km.
The main subject of tourist interest in Franz Josef Land is unique natural landscapes: Arctic polar deserts with their minimum vegetation and huge glaciers. In the plant kingdom, mosses and lichens dominate here - there are more than one hundred species. In the short arctic summer, the polar poppy blooms here with an incredible scarlet carpet. 11 species of animals constantly live in the reserve: polar bear, arctic fox and numerous representatives of marine fauna - walruses, seals, bowhead whales, narwhals, belugas, etc. The reserve is one of the best places in Russia to observe cetaceans: in the season boat trips to the places of migration, and at other times of the year, whales are visible right from the coast.
An indispensable “mast-si” of the “Russian Arctic” is a complex of monuments of the expedition of Willem Barents from 1596-1597.
Franz Josef Land
The Russian Arctic Reserve
The Russian Arctic is the youngest Arctic reserve, its history is only 5 years old. It is located on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago and occupies the north-eastern part of the North Island. On the territory of almost 1.5 million hectares, the most valuable landscapes of the polar deserts and the Arctic tundra with a large share of glaciers are protected.
Tourists are offered several options for routes through the reserve, self-relocation is also possible with prior permission from the administration. In the “Russian Arctic” you can see lichens and mosses characteristic of the Arctic tundra, polar poppies and polar willow (not a tree, but a plant, the main food of reindeer). Nature lovers are guaranteed to be interested in large colonies of seabirds, including a fun Atlantic guillemot. “From the large” one can see a polar bear, an Atlantic walrus and a local species of reindeer.
For the historical “excursion” in the reserve there are several memorable places associated with the swimming of Pomors, expeditions of the pioneers of the Arctic and scientific research of the times of the USSR. An indispensable “mast-si” of the “Russian Arctic” is a complex of monuments to the expedition of Willem Barents from 1596-1597, in particular, a memorial cross erected in honor of the wintering of the Dutch expedition, and a memorial plate to mark the 400th anniversary of this significant date. And at Cape Zhelaniya, you should definitely visit the complex of the same polar station.
1 - Dikson-Sibiryakovsky site (Sibiryakova islands, sections of Meduza Bay and Efremova Bay near the village of Dikson)
2 - The plot of the “Islands of the Kara Sea” (arch. Sergei Kirov, Voronin Island, Izvestia CEC Islands, Arctic Institute Islands, Sverdrup Island, Solitude Island and other islands)
3 - Pyasinsky site (delta of the Pyasina river, sections of Taimyr east of the Pyasina river)
4 - Middendorf Bay Site » (coast of Middendorff Bay in the eastern part of Hariton Laptev shore)
5 - Site "Nordensköld Archipelago » (arch. islands in the Kara Sea)
6 - Plot "Lower Taimyr » (lower reaches of the Lower Taimyr River, the coast of the Taimyr Bay and Toll Bay)
7 - Plot “Chelyuskin Peninsula » (coast in the NW Peninsula Chelyuskin)
Krasnoyarsk region
Year of creation
total area
including water area
Mailing address
647000, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Taimyr District, Dudinka city, PO Box 126, ul. Begicheva, 10-29
Phones:(391-11) 2-33-00, 5-67-24.
Fax machine:(391-11) 2-33-00.
Geographical position
Located in the Dikson municipal district of the Taimyr region of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Located on the territory of the Taimyr Peninsula of the nearby islands of the Kara Sea. It covers a length of 1,000 km from west to east and 500 km from north to south. Its shores are washed by two seas of the Arctic Ocean: Kara and Laptev. Largest nature reserve Russia and all of Eurasia.
The reserve is subordinated to the federal reserve “Severozemelsky” (Severnaya Zemlya archipelago) and the regional reserve “Brekhov Islands” (Yenisei Delta).
Purpose of creation
Preservation and study in the natural state of the Arctic ecosystems, rare and endangered species of plants and animals of the northern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula and adjacent islands.
Natural areas
Arctic Tundra, Arctic Desert.
Relief
Lowland sea plains, plateau areas, individual highlands.
Climate
The high latitude position determines the main laws of the radiation regime with the phenomena of the polar day and polar night. The duration of sunshine and the height of the sun above the horizon during the year vary over a very wide range. There is little rainfall, but due to the low evaporation of the tundra, they suffer from excessive moisture. In the mainland of the tundra, the winds are monsoon in nature, while they are cold throughout the year, in the summer they blow from the cold ocean to the mainland, in winter from the inner regions of the cooled continent to the ocean. The Taimyr Peninsula is the northernmost major continental ledge not only in Eurasia, but also in the world, one of the coldest land areas in the Northern Hemisphere.
Ponds
Northwest Taimyr refers to areas of excessive moisture. Due to the thick stratum of permafrost, there is no filtration, and water stagnates on the surface of the tundra, forming numerous lakes. This territory has a dense river network. The largest rivers are Pya'sina and Nizhny Taimyr.
Soils -
primitive skeletal (with a large amount of coarse material). Permafrost breeds are widespread. Their thickness is 500-700 m in the valleys and 200-300 m in the interfluve. The temperatures of the frozen stratum range from –7 to –9 ° C, in the mountains they reach –11 ...– 13 ° C.
On the coast and islands in the zone of polar deserts there are no formed soils, but clear structural formations on rocky ground are developed - rings, medallions, polygons. They contain tundra humus gleamous and tundra illuvial-low humus soils.
Flora and fauna
The main type of vegetation of the tundra is lichens that endure the harsh conditions of the Arctic. They paint the tundra in various colors - from bright yellow to black. Lichens to a greater degree dominate higher plants, which during a short polar summer are not able to go through all stages of their development, from germination to fruiting. For many of them, annual flowering is not possible. Arctic plants are stunted, their branches are spread on the ground, and root systems grow mainly in the horizontal direction. Of the shrubs, the most prominent representative is the willow. Herb plants are represented by sedges, cotton grass, cereals. A large role in the vegetation is played by the dryad, or partridge grass, various types of saxifrage, various polar poppies, forget-me-not, icy novosiversiya.
The fauna in terms of species is not rich. Of the birds, a white owl and a tundra partridge are characteristic of the tundra; they do not leave the harsh Taimyr in the winter. Siberian eider, white and pink gulls are found all year round. With the onset of spring, thousands of flocks arrive in the Arctic: white-fronted geese, various northern waders. The coasts and islands populate, forming colonies, silver gulls, burgomasters, summer reeds, polar terns, scavengers, luricas. Skuas, bore buzzards (winter bugs) nest in the tundra. Nesting sites and molts of black geese were taken under protection. Goose Goose is a rare species, endemic to Russia. This species is known for its remarkable “cohabitation” with patron birds of prey, which are most often played by peregrine falcons. In recent years, there has been a migration of bird nesting sites from south to north.
Of the mammals, the smallest northern animals are numerous - lemmings (Siberian and ungulate). The number of lemmings depends on the number of predators - arctic fox, furry buzzard, skuas.
Wild reindeer are found throughout the territory. During calving, numerous groups of the Taimyr deer population come to the southern parts of the reserve (the vicinity of the Dikson and the Pyasin River Delta).
Of marine mammals, the seal, the sea hare, the beluga and the walrus live in the Kara Sea. Walruses suffered the most from intensive fishing, and since 1956 their fishing has been completely prohibited.
The main protected species is
polar bear, the largest representative of terrestrial predators that still live in their original territory in natural conditions. On the islands, it occurs all year round, on the mainland - mainly in winter, and more often in the north. Nomadic movements associated with changes in ice conditions, the appearance of flanges, and fast ice detachment were noted. Rarely does a bear enter inland areas, far from the coast. The number of bears on the islands is unstable.
Some males have a body up to 3 m long and a mass of up to a ton. Despite such sizes and apparent slowness, bears even on land are quick and agile, and swim easily and far in water. With amazing dexterity, they move on the ice, passing 30-40 km per day, easily overcoming ice hummocks of two meters height.
The polar bear is highly resistant to cold. Its thick long fur consists of hollow in the middle hairs containing air. The fur retains heat so well that the bear cannot be detected by aerial infrared photography. An excellent thermal insulation is provided by the subcutaneous layer of fat, reaching 10 cm in thickness with the onset of winter. Without it, he could hardly have sailed up to 80 km in icy Arctic water.
Seals, favorite and main food of bears, live on drifting ice. Each bear eats about 50 seals per year. A bear watches the seal at the hole for hours, waiting for it to come up to breathe air, instantly strikes a paw on the head of a sea animal that emerges from the water and immediately throws it onto the ice. A seal hunter is usually accompanied by one or more arctic foxes, eager to take advantage of the remains of slaughtered animals. The bear also hunts for seals, but at the slightest danger they dive under the ice and float in another hole for breathing. And the bear rinses in vain in the face in ice water.
Due to climate warming, the ice in the bays begins to melt earlier than usual, the summer becomes longer from year to year, the winter is milder, and the problems of polar bears are more acute. Summer is a difficult time for polar bears. There is very little ice left, and getting to the seals is almost impossible. Over the past 20 years, the polar bear hunting season has declined by two to three weeks. As a result, the weight of the animals decreased: if earlier the average male weighed about 1000 kg, then now on average 100 kg less. Females also lost weight. This, in turn, negatively affects the reproduction of the population. Increasingly, only one teddy bear is born in females.
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Polar bear in a jump.
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In July, many of the polar bears wandering with drifting ice move to the coasts of continents and islands. On land, they become vegetarians. Feast on cereals, sedge, lichens, mosses and berries. When there are a lot of berries, the bear does not eat any other food for weeks, eating them to the point that his face and butt are blue with blueberries.
Is meeting a polar bear dangerous for a person? Sometimes bears attack people out of curiosity, quickly realizing that they have easy prey. Often tragic incidents happen in camps of tourists, geologists, etc., where the smell of food attracts bears. Usually a bear smells, crushing everything in its path. The situation is complicated by the fact that the animal, in search of food, tears to pieces and tastes everything that it comes across, not excluding people who have turned up by chance. Bears, unlike wolves, tigers and other dangerous predators, lack mimic muscles. They never warn of impending aggression. Circus trainers argue that because of this feature, it is most dangerous to work specifically with bears.
Anthropogenic impact
The Great Arctic Reserve has joined the WWF-sponsored Bear Patrol project. The participation of the reserve is important for the project as a whole, because due to global warming for the conservation of polar bears, the importance of the Arctic coast of Taimyr and the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago is increasing. The Kara population (between Novaya Zemlya and Severnaya Zemlya) has about 1,500 polar bears; about 300 bears live in Taimyr and the islands. And it is Taimyr that plays a strategically important role in the conservation of polar bears: the village of Dikson is very important for monitoring animals, since it is the only settlement in the Taimyr North where bears regularly come.
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Nenets child.
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The increasing incidence of poaching and the emergence of conflict situations during a meeting between a man and a bear showed the need to create special groups to patrol the territory during the migration of bears (September - January), to protect walrus rookery and environmental education of local residents.
Environmental education and excursions
The territory of the reserve belongs to the border zone. Registration of permission to enter the reserve is carried out through its administration. Tourism development is hindered by a very expensive transport component, consisting in the need to use either river-sea vessels or helicopters. The basic tourist routes offered by the reserve are as follows: “Taimyr labyrinth” - an extreme adventure, ethnographic tour. Yenisei River Delta, Brekhov Islands Nature Reserve. Acquaintance with the life and traditions of the Nenets. “Medusa Bay” - ecological educational tour. The north-eastern part of the Yenisei Gulf, biostation them. Willem Barents. Ornithological and zoological safaris, excursion to the monuments of the history of Arctic exploration, sport fishing. “Pyasinsky section of the reserve, Khutuda-Biga river valley” - ecological educational and fishing research tour.
Terms
Permafrost rocks - the surface layer of the earth's crust, preserving year-round negative temperatures and containing ice. It is used instead of the term "permafrost".
Zakraina - a strip of water between the shore and the edge of the ice, resulting from the accumulation of melt water or separation of the ice cover from the shore.
Fast ice - ice frozen tightly to the shore of a sea, lake or river and remaining motionless. Ice is also called ice, which stands motionless among a group of islands. In places accessible to the pressure of drifting ice, landfast ice usually consists of hummocky piles.
Names on the map
Great Arctic Reserve
Sibiryakova Island (Kuzkin Island) - a large island in the south of the Kara Sea at the entrance to the Yenisei Gulf, on the border of Western and Eastern Siberia. It was named by Niels Nordensjöld in honor of Alexander Mikhailovich Sibiryakov (1849-1933) - the Russian gold miner, researcher of Siberia. Funded the polar expeditions of N.A.E. Nordensjöld, A.V. Grigoriev, publication of works on the history of Siberia. In 1880, made an attempt to pass on the schooner through the Kara Sea at the mouth of the Yenisei. On the steamboat, Nordensheld went to the mouth of Pechora, then on the river steamboat up the river, then crossed the Urals, and, on deer, went to the Ob basin and reached Tobolsk (Sibiryakovsky Trakt to the North).
Islands of Sergey Kirov - A group of 6 small islands in the north-eastern part of the Kara Sea. Opened in 1934 by an expedition to the icebreaker "Ermak". Named in honor of Sergei Mironovich Kirov.
CM. Kirov (real name Kostrikov, 1886-1934) is a Soviet statesman and politician. First Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee of the CPSU (b) and member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). He was awarded the Order of Lenin. He was killed in Smolny in Leningrad.
Voronin Islands - A group of two islands in the eastern part of the Kara Sea. The island received its name in honor of Vladimir Ivanovich Voronin.
IN AND. Voronin (1890-1952) - captain of the Soviet icebreaker fleet, polar explorer, member of many Soviet expeditions in the Arctic. He was awarded two orders of Lenin.
Sverdrup Island - in the southern part of the Kara Sea. Named after the Norwegian polar explorer and explorer Otto Sverdrup (1854-1930). Otto, along with Fridtjof Nansen, crossed the island of Greenland for the first time in history. When Nansen on the Fram expedition to the North Pole, Sverdrup took over as ship captain.
Middendorf Bay - The Kara Sea Bay, on the northwest coast of the Taimyr Peninsula. Eduard Toll named this bay in honor of his teacher Alexander Fedorovich Middendorff.
A.F. Middendorf (1815-1894) - founder of permafrost, Russian traveler, geographer and naturalist. He discovered the Putorana plateau and became the first explorer of the Taimyr Peninsula.
Hariton Laptev Beach - The sea coast of the central part of the Taimyr Peninsula, washed by the Kara Sea. The coast is named after its discoverer - the Russian polar explorer, the leader of the Great Northern Expedition of 1739-1743. Khariton Prokofievich Laptev (1700-1763). The Laptev Sea is named after the brothers Khariton and Dmitry Laptev, who were the first to map the coastline of the sea.
Nordensjöld Archipelago - islands in the southeastern part of the Kara Sea. The archipelago consists of 90 islands. Named after Niels Adolf Eric Nordensjöld.
Niels Nordensjöld (1832-1901) - Swedish geologist and geographer, Arctic explorer, navigator, historian-cartographer, member of the Stockholm Academy of Sciences, was the first to go along the Northern Sea Route, from the northern coast of Norway to the Bering Strait.
Toll Bay in the Kara Sea, on the northwest coast of the Taimyr Peninsula. Fridtjof Nansen named the bay in honor of Eduard Vasilievich Toll (1858-1902), a Russian geologist, and Arctic explorer. Headed the expedition on the schooner "Dawn". He disappeared in 1902 during the transition on immature ice in the area of \u200b\u200babout. Bennett.
Chelyuskin Peninsula - on From Taimyr. It is named after Semen Ivanovich Chelyuskin (about 1700 - after 1760), a Russian polar explorer. He made an inventory of the western and northern coasts of the Taimyr Peninsula, revealing the northern extremity of Asia, named A.F. Middendorf in his honor Cape Chelyuskin.
Due to refraction (refraction of light rays in the atmosphere), a polar day is on average 16 days longer than a polar night.
Official date of birth - May 11, 1993. This date was dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the opening of Taimyr by the Russian academician A.F. Middendorf.
General information, relief and climate of the Great Arctic Reserve
Part great Arctic Reserve includes seven sections: Dikson-Sibiryakovsky, "Chelyuskin Peninsula", Pyasinsky, "Middendorf Bay", "Nordenscheld Archipelago", "Islands of the Kara Sea", "Lower Taimyr".
The climate is severe, as it is located beyond the Arctic Circle. In the reserve you can observe such phenomena as polar day and polar night. The duration of sunshine, as well as the location of the sun above the horizon throughout the year, vary over a fairly wide range. The maximum duration of sunshine occurs in April.
Most of the territories great Arctic Reserve belongs to the subzone of the Arctic tundra, and the northern areas of the reserve belong to the zone of Arctic deserts. On all lands of the reserve "Big Arctic" widespread permafrost. Their power is 200-300 meters in the interfluve and 500-700 meters in the valleys, in the West Taimyr uvali it is 700-900 meters and 300-500 meters, respectively. Temperature fluctuations of the frozen stratum: from −7 to −9 ° C, in the mountains - from −11 to −13 ° C.
As a rule, the tundra is covered with snow by the end of August - beginning of September, but a permanent snow cover forms in the second half of September. The period without snow lasts the longest on the island Dixon, namely from 103 to 110 days. On the cape Chelyuskin snow lies for about 300 days - this is the longest period. Usually the snow melts completely in late June - early July. In summer, north, northwest and northeast winds dominate.
The reserve is located on the coast and islands. Arctic Ocean. Its shores are washed The Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. Due to the fact that the reserve is located on a vast territory, its landscapes are very diverse.
The Great Arctic Reserve and its flora
Flora of the Great Arctic Reserve represented by 168 plant species that belong to 28 families. In the reserve you can see 28 species of cereals, 19 types of cabbage, 16 types of cloves, 15 - Saxifragia and 13 sedge. Among the flowers, a special place is occupied by a pillow-shaped poppy - a bright and colorful look. Among the mossy species, 15 species of hepatic mosses and 74 species of leafy stalks were distinguished. In the protected area 15 species of mushrooms grow. Most of them belong to the lamellar species; rare white fibrous. Lichens are also widespread in the reserve - there are 70 species here.
The Big Arctic Reserve and its Fauna
The most popular mammals in the reserve are lemmings - small northern animals. Their number determines the number of predatory animals: skuas, Arctic foxes, shaggy buzzards. In the territory Great Arctic Reserve the reindeer, the polar bear live, and of the marine inhabitants - beluga whale. Throughout the year, it can be found on the islands, and in the mainland - usually in winter.Typical inhabitants of the tundra are the tundra partridge and the white owl. These birds do not leave the harsh Taimyr in the winter. Throughout almost the entire year in the reserve you can meet siberian eider. IN great Arctic Reserve they are guarded by nesting places and molts of black geese, and rare species of gulls are offended: fork-tailed, pink, white. Pink gull is a rare, poorly understood species. This endemic of Russia is included in Red Book of the Russian Federation. In Taimyr only one breeding colony of these birds is known.
Targets and goals
Great Arctic Reserve It was created with the aim of preserving and studying in its natural state the rarest Arctic ecosystems, unique and endangered species of plants and animals living on the northern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula and on adjacent islands.
The Big Arctic Reserve is the largest federal nature conservation institution. Various research and environmental awareness-raising events are held here.
It is in this reserve that zoologists and botanists have unique opportunities to study a variety of ecosystems and gene pools.
The Big Arctic Reserve is one of the largest in size in Eurasia.
Process of creation
Officially, the administration of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug assigned a territory of 2 million hectares to the reserve only in 1993. Moreover, the borders of the natural zone themselves regularly changed. This was especially true for two areas - “Medusa Bay” and “Efremov Bay”. In this area is prohibited any activity that could harm nature.
The management of the Great Arctic Reserve operates para-natural reserves with an area of \u200b\u200bseveral hundred thousand hectares - “Brekhov Islands” and “Severozemelsky”. Since 2013, the Big Arctic lost its independence and entered the largest complex “Taimyr Nature Reserves”.
Territorial division
The main area of \u200b\u200bthe conservation zone is in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The administration is based in Norilsk. The territory itself includes several land plots that are formed by natural borders. These are islands, archipelagos, bays and bays. The Big Arctic Reserve is divided into 7 large areas:
- Pyasinsky;
- Dikson-Sibiryakovsky;
- "Chelyuskin Peninsula";
- "Islands of the Kara Sea";
- Middendorf Bay
- "Lower Taimyr";
- The Nordensköld Archipelago.
The main climatic conditions in this territory correspond to the Arctic tundra, but the lands located to the north of all are characterized as Arctic deserts.
A separate attraction of the reserve are icebergs, most of which are hidden under water. Some of these ice debris are more than 1000 years old. The shape and size of glaciers change over time. In one year, up to 30,000 debris leaves the Arctic.
To visit the Great Arctic Reserve, you need to get the approval of the leadership and choose one of the tourist routes. Today, within the framework of the natural complex, a unique opportunity for Arctic fishing, as well as an ornithological tour, is offered.
Nature reserve diversity
As part of the conservation complex, scientists count about 30 families of higher plants. Among them, the most cereal, cabbage, and also many varieties of cloves and sedge. The reserve has almost 100 species of mosses, 70 species of lichens and some rare species of mushrooms.
The floral world of the Great Arctic Reserve is particularly interesting in that the border between the plant kingdom of western and eastern Siberia runs along it. That is why flowers, shrubs and trees in the same "Medusa Bay" and on "Sibiryakova Island" are strikingly different.
The most common shrub here is polar willow, and among lichens - cladonia and cetraria. Unusual and very beautiful flowers in the north are poppies and arctic roses.
The kingdom of animals in the Arctic tundra
Of particular interest to the scientific community is the species diversity of birds in the reserve. Over 5 dozen species of birds do not just inhabit, but nest in this territory. For example, a white seagull, a white-fronted goose, dunlin.
The large Arctic reserve also allows you to see almost 20 species of mammals, including marine animals. Here lives the largest herd of wild reindeer, there are wolverines, polar bears and musk ox. In the Kara Sea, you can find walruses, seals, belugas and almost 30 species of fish. Surprisingly, in these lands you can even find insects that pollinate flowers. In particular, it is a polar bumblebee.
