Airborne intelligence. Mandatory standards of physical training in the army and special services of Russia (6 photos). Strength Test
Surely everyone who is at least a little involved in sports and tries to maintain himself in good physical shape is interested in the standards that contract soldiers are required to take. Next, we bring to your attention the mandatory standards of physical training in the army, airborne forces and special forces.
CONTRACTORS
The contract service can be divided into several categories: by age group and by gender. Yes, women also serve on a contract basis. By age, standards are divided into two categories: up to 30 years and over 30 for men, up to 25 years and over 25 for women. You must sign your first contract between the ages of 18 and 40. Physical training standards consist of three levels: strength training, speed data and the level of your endurance. Therefore, it includes such types as push-ups, pull-ups, running and skiing. Let's look at all this in more detail.
Men up to 30 years old:
Pull-ups on the bar: 10 times
- push ups: 45 times
- 60 meter run: 9.8 seconds
- 100 meter run: 15.1 s.
- Shuttle run 10x10 meters: 28.5 s.
- 3 km run: 14.4 minutes
- 1 km run: 4.2 minutes
- ski race (5km): 28 minutes
Men over 30 years old:
Pull-ups on the bar: 8 times
- push ups: 40 times
- 60 meter run: 10 seconds
- 100 meter run: 15.8 s.
- Shuttle run 10x10 meters: 29.5 s.
- 3 km run: 15.5 minutes
- 1 km run: 4.45 min.
- ski race (5km): 29 minutes
As you can see, the standards for age diverge, but not so much, so the older generation with regular training, they are quite tough. Now let's move on to the fair sex.
Women under 25 years old:
Torso forward: 25 times
- push ups: 12 times
- 60 meter run: 12.9 seconds
- 100 meter run: 19.5 s.
- Shuttle run 10x10 meters: 38 s.
- 1 km run: 5.20 min.
Women over 25 years old:
Torso forward: 20 times
- push ups: 10 times
- 60 meter run: 13.9 seconds
- 100 meter run: 20.5 s.
- Shuttle run 10x10 meters: 39 s.
- 1 km run: 5.45 min.
Airborne troops have always been considered the elite of the Russian army, so their standards for physical training are especially interesting. From paratroopers, an extremely high level of endurance is required. So, we look and analyze:
Pull-ups on the bar: 13 times
- 100 meter run: 14.1 seconds
- 3 km run: 12.3 minutes
- cross 5 km: 24 minutes
- 5 km ski race: 28 minutes
- ski march 10 km: 1 hour 15 minutes
- unit march roll: 56 minutes
- overcoming an obstacle course: 2 minutes 25 seconds
- swimming in uniforms with weapons: 100 meters
- special hand-to-hand combat complex: evaluated by a point
In addition to everything, there are several power systems and a series of tests to overcome the obstacle course.
SPECIAL SERVICES: DIVISIONS OF THE SPECIAL PURPOSE "VIMPEL", "ALFA", SPECIAL OFFICE FSO
And now, perhaps, the most delicious. To meet these requirements, you have to seriously sweat in the gym.
Pull-ups on the bar: 25 times
- push ups: 90 times
- bench press lying: 10 times (weight is not less than its own, but not more than 100 kg)
- press lying on your back: 100 times
- Shuttle run 10x10 meters: 25 seconds
- 100 meter run: 12.7 seconds
- cross 3 km: 11 minutes
- jumping up with a change of legs: 90 times
Also, the whole list is complemented by the demonstration of kick and kick techniques and participation in various sparring fights. And the normative exercise, which we even decided to take out separately from all the others, is KSU (complex strength exercise). This includes: 10 push-ups from the floor, 10 times the press lying on your back, 10 times the emphasis crouching - emphasis lying, 10 times jumping up from the emphasis crouching. And this complex must be performed 8 times in a row without a break!
As we see, the loads are different for everyone. For contracted services, the standards are not so strict, and most sports people will fulfill them without any problems. Further, of course, everything is not so simple - for the level of the Airborne Forces and special services you need to be a real athlete.
1. Alpha, Russia.
The Alpha detachment, the elite of the Soviet and Russian special forces, is known as one of the most effective and experienced power units in the world. The special unit is designed to carry out counter-terrorism operations using special tactics and means.
Tasks:
Prevention of terrorist acts.Search, neutralization or elimination of terrorists.
Release of hostages.
Participation in special operations in “hot spots”
Requirements for candidates:
Current officers or cadets of military schools.A recommendation from an existing or former employee of Alpha or Vympel.
Age threshold: not older than 28 years.
Height: not less than 175 cm.
Standards:
Cross-country running: 3 km in no more than 10 minutes 30 seconds.Sprint race: 100 meters in no more than 12.7 seconds.
Pullups: 25 times.
Push ups: 90 times
Flexion and extension on the press: 90 times in no more than 2 minutes.
Bench press bench weight of their own body: 10 times.
Comprehensive strength exercise 7 cycles in a row, no more than 40 seconds each cycle:
15 push ups from the floor;
15 flexion and extension of the body in a prone position;
15 transitions from the position of "emphasis crouching" to "emphasis lying" and vice versa;
15 jumps from the crouching position.
Features of preparation:
Three minutes after physical testing, it is necessary to demonstrate hand-to-hand fighting skills. In this case, the candidate acts in a helmet, gloves and protective pads on the legs and groin. He is opposed by an instructor or an employee of the FSB Special Purpose Center, well trained in hand-to-hand combat. The fight continues for 3 rounds. Further: a medical commission, a special check to identify unwanted connections with the candidate or his relatives, an examination with psychologists and a polygraph. Based on the results of each study, the candidate is awarded points, which are then summed up and a final decision is made.Yamam is an elite unit of the Israeli border police. "Yamam" has the highest level of infantry training among all special forces in Israel. Fighters "Yamam" for years have been taking personal and team prizes in all shooting competitions of security forces. Snipers "Yamam" are at a much higher level than their army counterparts.
Tasks:
Release of hostages.Conducting rescue operations and raids in civilian areas.
Recruitment and undercover work.
Requirements for candidates:
Age from 22 to 30 years.Be an active member of the army, police or border troops.
Have at least three years of service in combat units.
Standards:
Pullups: 25 times.Push-ups with fists on the back: 100 times.
Flexion and extension on the press: 300 times.
Cross-running with 15-20 kg equipment: 8 km in no more than 38 minutes.
Climbing a 7-meter rope: no more than 7 seconds.
Freestyle: 50 meters in no more than 35 seconds.
Swim under water: 50 meters.
Swim with tied arms and legs: 50 meters.
Features of preparation:
The course includes running on roofs, climbing a building through a drainpipe, escaping from captivity and survival, during which the reaction to stress is checked. The next exercise is a fight with a guard dog from the canine unit of the gendarmerie corps, specially trained to attack a person. Here they study the reaction of a fighter to an attack: whether he will be confused how aggressive he will be.3. SAS, UK.
As part of the special forces of Great Britain, the special airborne service of the ground forces - SAS has a special place. SAS is one of the oldest and most professional special forces units in the world. The rich experience of anti-partisan and counter-terrorist operations of the SAS forced the special forces of various states to copy its tactics. Including: American Green Berets and Delta.
Tasks:
Conducting reconnaissance and sabotage and subversive operations in the rear of the enemy.Anti-terrorist operations both domestically and abroad.
Training of special forces from other countries.
Release of hostages.
Protection of dignitaries and especially important state facilities.
Requirements for candidates:
Obligatory experience of service in other army units.Age from 25 to 30 years.
Excellent physical and psychological health.
Standards:
Cross-country running: 2.5 km in no more than 12 minutes.Full throw march: 64 km in no more than 20 hours.
Fire training: hit 6 targets at least twice each, with 13 rounds.
Parachute training: 40 jumps day and night with a load of 50 kg.
Features of preparation:
Instructors greet candidates with the words: “We will not select you. We will give you such a load so that you die. Those who survive will learn further. ” And the words do not differ from deeds. Withstands about one candidate out of ten. What is worth only a month-long training course to resist special interrogation methods. Each cadet, in addition, undergoes mandatory training in the jungle.To date, there are seven groups in the ground forces of the Chinese army, ready to perform special operations. Each military district has one such unit, which is directly subordinate to the chief of staff of the district.
Tasks:
Special intelligence activities.Conducting short non-large-scale offensive operations behind enemy lines.
Requirements for candidates:
Age from 18 to 32 years.Excellent physical and psychological health.
Passing a fitness test.
Standards:
Climbing the brick wall of the building to the 5th floor without improvised means in 30 seconds.Complete swim: 5 km in no more than 1 hour 20 minutes.
Lifting on a horizontal bar and push-ups on parallel bars: at least 200 times a day.
Lifting a 35 kg dumbbell: 60 times, in no more than 60 seconds.
Front lying down: 100 times, no more than 60 seconds.
Throwing a grenade: 100 times at a distance of at least 50 meters.
Features of preparation:
The process of physical preparation of the special forces of China is often called "descent to hell." Every day, morning and evening, cross-country running in full gear and an additional shoulder backpack with ten bricks. At the same time, a distance of 5 kilometers should be covered in no more than 25 minutes. After completing the run, the fighters proceed to the Iron Hand exercise. The soldier must inflict 300 blows in the bag, first with beans, then with iron filings. In exactly the same way, standards for fists, elbows, knees and feet are further developed.GROM - Polish military special forces. Prepared for special operations, including counter-terrorism, both in peacetime and during a crisis or war. Since its inception, the unit has been fully professional.
Tasks:
Release of hostages.Anti-terrorist operations.
The evacuation of civilians from the war zone.
Conducting reconnaissance operations.
Requirements for candidates:
Age from 24 to 30 years.Excellent physical and psychological health.
Resistance to stress.
Ability to drive a car.
Standards:
Cross-country running: 3.5 km in no more than 12 minutes.Climbing a rope without the help of legs: 5 meters twice in a row.
Bench press barbell weighing your own body.
Pullups: 25 times.
Push-ups: at least 30 times.
Course: 200 meters in no more than 4 minutes.
Swim under water: 25 meters.
Features of preparation:
All applicants who submit applications first pass a psychophysiological examination. After that, as a rule, no more than 10-15 percent of the total number of candidates are allowed to further pass the tests. People from both the country's police units and civilian structures can come to serve in the Polish special forces. But civilians must first go through a basic police course before joining a special forces team.According to official documents, the Delta group is intended for covert military operations outside the United States, in other countries. The missions for the Delta Force are in the fight against terrorism, popular uprisings, national intervention, although this group is also aimed at completing secret missions, including but not limited to saving civilians and the invasion.
Tasks:
Release of hostages.The release of American soldiers captured.
Fight against terrorists and partisans.
The capture or destruction of military and political leaders hostile to the United States.
Capture of secret documents, weapons, military and other secret equipment.
Requirements for candidates:
Only American citizenship.Age from 22 to 35 years.
At least 4 years of service in the US Armed Forces.
Excellent physical and psychological health.
Skydiving experience.
High qualification in two military specialties.
Standards:
Push-ups: 40 times in 1 minute.Squats: 40 times in 1 minute.
Cross-country running: 3.2 km in no more than 16 minutes.
Crawling on your back 20 meters with your legs forward in 25 seconds.
Overcoming an obstacle course of 14.6 meters in 24 seconds.
Swimming in clothes and army boots for 100 meters without taking into account time.
Features of preparation:
Candidates make a march with backpacks weighing from 18 to 23 kg and a rifle in their hands. Their path lies through hills, forests and rivers, and the distance of this path varies between 29 and 64 km. On the way, every 8-12 km there are control points where candidates must go and where observers sit. To successfully overcome this test, it is necessary to withstand an average speed of at least 4 km per hour and to navigate well in unfamiliar terrain.GENERAL PROVISIONS
Intelligence service- The most important type of combat support. It is conducted in any situation in order to obtain intelligence information about the enemy and the terrain in the area of \u200b\u200bupcoming operations.
Intelligence purposein the preparation and conduct of the battle, it is to obtain the necessary intelligence information to correctly determine the composition, position, capabilities, strengths and weaknesses of the enemy, the likely nature of his actions.
Basic requirementspresented to reconnaissance are: determination, continuity, activity, timeliness and efficiency, secrecy, reliability and accuracy of determining the coordinates of reconnaissance objects (targets), especially nuclear and chemical attack means.
The main methods of intelligence include: surveillance, search, raid, ambush, reconnaissance, eavesdropping, radio interception, photographing, interrogation of prisoners and defectors.
INTELLIGENCE WAYS
Observationit is organized in all conditions of the situation by all units. Observation is conducted continuously and is the main way of reconnaissance.
Observation makes it possible to obtain information: on the movement of enemy troops; the location of units and firepower in the enemy’s defense; on the location and nature of the defensive structures and obstacles of the enemy; the nature of the enemy’s behavior in defense; the location of command and observation posts of the enemy; on the concentration of enemy infantry and tanks for the attack, as well as other information that determines the nature of the enemy’s combat activity.
At night, as well as in conditions of limited visibility, surveillance is carried out using night vision devices, means of lighting the area and is supplemented by eavesdropping.By sound signs, the observer can determine: the nature of the enemy’s actions and the work performed by him (the noise of the movement of cars, felling of trees, driving in stakes, speaking, etc.); approximate direction of fire from machine guns, mortars and artillery; direction of movement of tanks and other combat and transport vehicles.
The staff conducts observation on the go, from short stops and on the spot. During movement, each soldier must continuously observe in the sector indicated to him and report on everything that has been noticed to the commander (commander). The observation point must satisfy the following basic requirements: provide the greatest visibility towards the enemy and complete secrecy of observation.
Occupying a surveillance point, you must act secretly. It must always be remembered that the enemy also disguises himself and conducts observation, and that the signs by which we establish the presence of the enemy are familiar to him. If it is impossible to secretly approach the observation point using equipment, then, dismounting, one should move forward on foot or crawl. Having reached the shelter, the observer should avoid sudden movements, raise his head slowly, leaving his shoulders and arms behind the shelter (Fig. 49).
After a quick tour of the area, a detailed study of it is done using binoculars in one of the following ways.
The first way. First, roads leading in the direction of traffic are examined, then cross roads, outskirts of settlements, bushes, forest edges, gardens, exits from ravines and ravines, etc.
The second way. First, the near zone is examined within 400 m, then the middle one is from 400 to 800 m and, finally, the far zone is within sight.
Especially carefully and thoroughly should be inspected all suspicious places where the enemy may take refuge: ravines, hollows, forests, bushes, etc.
In some cases, squad personnel may be assigned to conduct reconnaissance by observation at an observation post.
Observation post- This is a designated group of military personnel performing reconnaissance missions by surveillance from a place equipped in engineering terms
Observation posts are usually distinguished in defense and in the preparation of an offensive. On the march, during an offensive battle, when leaving the battle and moving away in the units, observers are appointed who continuously monitor the enemy and the position of their troops.
The number of observers and observation posts in a unit depends on the conditions of the situation and the task performed by this unit. So, in defense and in preparation for the offensive, they are usually appointed: in the squad - one, in the platoon - 1-2 and in the company 2-3 observers, and in the battalion - 1-2 observation posts. When the units are located in areas of concentration (on the spot), observation is also carried out on foot patrols and secrets.
The composition of the observation post is assigned to 2-3 observers from among the most trained soldiers and sergeants, one of them is appointed senior. The personnel are provided by observation devices, a large-scale coded map or location map, a observation log, a compass, a lamp, a clock, communications and warning signals (Fig. 50), and an observer - by observation devices. For night work, observation posts (observers) are provided with night-vision devices, terrain lighting, and ground-based radar.
The task to the observer (observation post) is, as a rule, set on the ground by the commander organizing the reconnaissance. When setting a task, the following are usually indicated: landmarks and conditional names of local objects; information about the enemy (where it is located, what it is doing, or where it is expected to come from) and its troops; the place of the observation post and the order of its equipment; sector (object) of observation, what to pay special attention to; the procedure for reporting on the results of observation (what, how, and when to report); alert signals. The task assigned to the observation post is recorded in the observation log.
The observation post is usually located in the battle formations of units. To increase the visibility, the place for the observation post is selected at a height from which the enemy’s location is visible to the greatest possible depth. In addition, observers should be able to observe the actions of their troops.
For convenience of observation, it is necessary to divide the sector (band) of observation into zones: near, middle and far, denoting them by conventional lines for local objects (landmarks). The near zone includes a plot of land within sight with the naked eye of small objects, objects and targets. The middle zone is marked within sight of prominent local objects. The far zone covers the rest of the space to the limits of visibility (Fig. 51).
In most cases, there will be elements of the terrain, settlements, forest and other local objects in front of the observation post, which make it difficult to observe certain areas and create invisibility fields. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately identify these fields, and then determine from where these areas can be viewed.
In these conditions, the unit commander must organize interaction between neighboring posts.
The place for observation, depending on the available time and the availability of building material, can be equipped in the form of an open trench or a trench with anti-fragmentation overlapping and a viewing gap.
Externally, the place of the observation post should not differ from the surrounding area. When located in an area with a large number of local objects, the place of the observation post can be equipped in the form of a characteristic local
subject (bush, stump, hummock, large stone, ruins, etc.) (Fig. 52).
Communication with the observation post is organized by order and means of the unit commander.
The supervisor of the observation post supervises the actions of observers. It determines the procedure for continuous observation, organizes the equipment of the place for the observation post and disguises it, checks the serviceability of observation devices, communication and warning equipment, monitors the actions of observers, personally observes, writes down the results of intelligence in the observation logbook, puts them on a map (diagram) and in set time reports to the commander. The senior observer reports immediately on abrupt changes in the enemy’s position and actions, on important objects (targets) discovered, and on chemical contamination of the area.
The main documents of the observation post are a large-scale map or map of the area and the observation log.
The terrain diagram is the simplest drawing on which the place of the observation post, landmarks, observation sector, characteristic features of the relief and some of the most important local objects are applied.
All information about the enemy is recorded in the observation log and a note is made to whom they are reported.
The observation post performs the task before the deadline set by the commander or before his change by another composition of the observation post. In the first case, the senior observer reports to the commander on the fulfillment of the assigned task and only with his permission stops the observation. In the second case, the observation post stops observing after it is replaced by another composition of the observation post.
When changing, the senior observer of the changing post personally introduces the senior observer of the changing post to the situation and the task.
SENTORIAL OFFICE
The sentinel squad is sent from reconnaissance units, as well as from units performing other tasks, to inspect the terrain and local objects in order to identify the enemy.
The sentinel department performs its tasks by observation. It is sent for removal, providing the commander with observation and support by fire. Communication with the sentinel is usually supported by radio and signals.
The methods of action of the sentinel squad are determined by the commander who sent him and the conditions of the situation. It can conduct reconnaissance on the go, from short stops or occupy a point that is advantageous for observation. The task is assigned to the sentinel commander orally or by radio by the unit commander from whom he is sent. He is usually indicated: information about the enemy; direction of movement and task; deadlines for the task; communication order and signals. If necessary, the procedure may be indicated before the meeting and when meeting with the enemy; what to pay special attention to.
Having received a task, the squad leader finds out where the enemy is and what he is doing; selects the hidden direction for movement or the point to be reached; outlines a course of action and assigns tasks to subordinates.
The squad leader should first of all provide for the organization of observation and the procedure for action in a sudden meeting with the enemy. The observation is organized circularly, but the main focus is on the possible locations of the enemy and in the direction of movement. During the task, you must always be prepared to repel an unexpected attack by the enemy.
When setting the task, the squad leader usually indicates information about the enemy, crew task, signals and deputy. In this case, the driver (driver) shall be indicated the direction and speed of movement or point for observation, which must be reached. In addition, the procedure for a sudden meeting with the enemy, his unexpected attack, damage to the tank and the need to leave it is indicated.
The patrol squad, when carrying out the task, must act covertly, off-road, moving from one convenient point for observation to another, without delaying the rear unit. In order to disguise when driving, you should not use light, abruptly switch to maximum engine speeds, etc.
When a meeting with the enemy is unlikely, the patrol squad moves in the direction indicated to it at the maximum possible or set speed ahead of the company or intelligence agency in visual communication, observing on the go and from short stops. If it is necessary to make a short stop for observation, the squad leader selects a point in the direction of movement with the widest possible view ahead of the terrain.
At the turn of a likely encounter with the enemy, the patrol squad is reconnaissance by sequentially taking points that are advantageous for observation, moving stealthily, irregularly, at maximum speed from one shelter to another, usually off-road. For stealth movement, hollows, beams, shrubs and other natural shelters are used.
The most convenient places for observation are the hills with shrubs and the edges of the groves, as well as other high places with natural shelters. The place for observation should not stand out sharply against the general background of the terrain. When choosing a place for observation, it is necessary to remember that individual trees, bushes and other sharply distinguished local objects always attract the attention of enemy observers.
Forest inspectionstarts when you approach him. First, the edge of the forest is examined from a distance, if possible from an elevated place, and the presence of an enemy in the forest is determined by reconnaissance signs. Such signs can be the frequent take-off and cries of birds, broken branches, bent trees, smoke from bonfires, the noise of the engines, the glitter of glass and metal parts of cars and military equipment, traces of people and cars. Finding no signs of the enemy, the patrol squad commander reports this to the commander who sent him and moves to the edge of the forest. In the forest, movement is usually carried out along a road, trail or clearing, with particular attention paid to tree tops, dense thickets, entrances and exits from ravines and hollows, bridges and other places where enemy ambushes are possible. Coming to the opposite edge of the forest, the patrol squad inspects the terrain ahead and, not finding the enemy, continues to scout in the indicated direction.
Localityinspected in the same sequence as the forest. In this case, special attention is paid to the roofs of buildings, individual buildings, plantings and thickets on the outskirts of the village and other places where the enemy may have guards and observers. Having not found the enemy, the sentinel squad at the maximum possible speed advances to the outskirts of the village, where the nearest buildings are quickly inspected and local residents are questioned. A sentinel squad passes through a small settlement without stopping in readiness to repel a surprise attack by the enemy.
To avoid a surprise attack by the enemy, one should not move close to the buildings. Places viewed and shot from the windows and doors of nearby buildings should be bypassed. When inspecting the houses and non-residential buildings left by residents, care must be taken not to touch the objects there, as they can be mined by the enemy.
Large settlementinspected by several sentinel offices that move along the main streets of the village. The patrol squad personnel are primarily monitoring the opposite side of the street and forward, paying particular attention to windows, balconies and attics of houses. Sentinel combat vehicles follow a ledge at a distance of 25-35 m from one another. Each compartment is especially closely watching the vehicle in front, being ready to support it at any time with its fire.
When examining a ravine(hollows, beams) the sentinel compartment usually moves along the edge of the ravine (hollows, beams) without going into it. If it is impossible to scout a ravine (beam) throughout its entire length, those sections of it that can be used by the enemy as shelters are examined.
River inspectionbegins with distant approaches. Having not found the enemy, the sentinel squad extends directly to the shore of the water barrier and, from a point convenient for observation, carefully examines the water surface and the opposite shore. If the river is not defended by the enemy, the sentinel squad leader on foot goes to the river bank and establishes the nature of its banks, the presence of ford, determines the width of the river and the speed of the current. Wade should be sought on broadened straight channels with gentle slopes to the water. Signs of ford are roads, paths overgrown with grass, tracks of roads ending on one shore and continuing on the other, a small swell on the surface of the water, typical of riverbanks, and water level differences indicating a transition from shallow to deep places. If a ford is detected by direct measurement, its depth, the nature of the bottom soil, the speed of the river flow are determined, and the most convenient direction for crossing is indicated. The width of the river is determined by eye, using binoculars, a range finder or measuring (rope, wire). If the opposite shore is occupied by the enemy, the patrol squad commander reports this to the commander who has sent him and by observation establishes his forces and firepower.
Having discovered the helicopter, the patrol squad leader immediately takes the BMP (BTR) to cover; when a sentinel compartment is detected by helicopter, personnel open fire on it. The commander of the patrol squad immediately reports the appearance of helicopters and the direction of their flight to the unit commander.
When meeting with small groups (single vehicles) of the enemy, the sentinel squad, at the direction of the commander who sent it, organizes an reconnaissance ambush to capture prisoners, documents, weapons, or disguises the enemy and ensures the actions of their unit.
In a sudden meeting with the enemy, when it is impossible to stealthily evade him, the patrol squad destroys him and continues to carry out the task. Having met obstacles (barriers), the sentinel squad commander reports to the deporting commander about the location and nature of the obstacle (barricade), determines whether it is defended by the enemy, as well as the possibility of circumventing or overcoming it.
Reconnaissance Ambush
Reconnaissance ambush- This is an advance and secretive location of the unit on the path of movement of the enemy for a surprise attack on him. The reconnaissance ambush is used in all types of military operations, on any terrain, in various meteorological conditions and at any time of the day. It can be arranged by reconnaissance units and a unit (group) specially designated for this.
The success of the operations of the squad in an reconnaissance ambush depends on the secrecy of its location and the correct determination of the moment of firing, endurance and skillful actions of the crew.
Objects of an attack from an reconnaissance ambush can be single soldiers, officers, or a group of soldiers on foot or on motorbikes, cars, armored personnel carriers and tanks, small reconnaissance patrols and field guards, launchers of unguided and guided missiles, missile and nuclear weapon delivery vehicles , staff cars, helicopters on the routes of their flight.
Reconnaissance ambushes are arranged in places that provide a secretive (disguised) location of a unit (group), near roads, paths, bridges, crossings and passages in barriers, at water sources and at other points where the appearance of solitary soldiers, vehicles or small groups is most likely the enemy. The method of attack from the reconnaissance ambush depends on the purpose of the ambush, the conditions of the situation and the forces of the enemy. You can attack from a reconnaissance ambush silently, as well as after inflicting a sudden fire defeat on the enemy, followed by the capture of prisoners, documents, weapons and military equipment. In operations from an reconnaissance ambush, in order to capture prisoners from among single soldiers or small groups, one must strive to capture silently (without opening fire) so that the actions remain secretive and do not attract the attention of the enemy.
When reconnaissance ambushes against a superior enemy or armored objects are arranged, an attack is usually applied after a sudden fire defeat.
If there is time in the area of \u200b\u200bthe reconnaissance ambush, mines can be set up, bridges prepared for undermining, blockages on forest roads, etc., the ambush location area should provide not only good shelter (disguise), but also hidden approaches to it from its side. In addition, you must have several convenient and hidden exits from the reconnaissance ambush, otherwise the shelter may be a trap.
The motorized rifle squad is more often involved in an reconnaissance ambush as part of a platoon specially designated for conducting an ambush, or the reconnaissance body to which it is assigned. Having received a task from the platoon commander about reconnaissance ambush, the squad leader quickly and secretly puts his combat vehicle at the indicated or independently chosen position, disguises it and tracks of the tracks, organizes observation of the platoon commander and towards the enemy, prepares the initial data for firing from the spot . In the future, any movement in the area of \u200b\u200bthe reconnaissance ambush ceases. Signals for attack, opening and ceasefire during operations in reconnaissance ambush are given by the platoon commander.
Single soldiers, officers, as well as individual enemy vehicles are captured silently by a specially designated unit (group). When larger enemy groups appear, the platoon brings them closer and destroys them with fire at close range. All captured enemy officers and soldiers are seized documents and weapons. After that, prisoners, documents and new weapons are sent to the headquarters of the unit.
When constructing an reconnaissance ambush at night, combat vehicles should be located at reduced intervals on one side of the road in order to prevent the defeat of the reconnaissance ambush by their fire. To monitor the enemy, night-vision devices are used.
Having successfully completed an reconnaissance ambush, the platoon continues to carry out its main reconnaissance mission. If the platoon was tasked only with conducting an reconnaissance ambush, then, having completed the task, it secretly departs to the location of its unit.
ORGANIZATION AND ACTION TACTICS OF ARMY DIVISIONS
OF MAIN FOREIGN STATES
Of all modern soldiers, special forces are the most popular among the public. Estimate how many films were made about special forces and, for example, intelligence agents (and also tankers, artillerymen, air defense soldiers, not to mention the construction battalion). By the way, about the construction battalion: one of my comrades, incredibly talented, but still not widely recognized by the public, the screenwriter wants to write a script for the series about the construction battalion. He already picked up the name - “The Most Terrible Troops”, but, alas, so far there are no directors or producers on the horizon who are interested in this project, but write on the table. Give everyone special forces, well, or "landing". By the way, there was such a series, "Landing", when I watched it, I laughed, like a child in a circus, that very series was ridiculous. Anyway. Often have you ever watched a movie about rockets? Or about some headquarters with pouting generals? Or about thieving logistic agents, from which ideal sales managers could have come out if necessary? Only special forces, border guards, and sailors can compete with the special forces. All. Special forces steers.
In real life, special forces are called upon to solve tasks inaccessible to other soldiers. Therefore, the selection for special forces is very serious, and the training is appropriate.
In the units of the GRU of the Russian Federation, the entry standards for special forces are approximately the following:
Run for 12 minutes
(estimated the distance that the fighter ran)
- more than 2.8 km - excellent
- 2.8 - 2.4 km - good
- 2.4 - 2.0 km - mediocre
- less than 2.0 km - bad
Strength Test
Four exercises are performed one after another without interruption, ten times each. (push-ups from the floor, crouching from the stop, throwing the legs back to the lying position, lifting the legs from the supine position, from the gray squatting jump upward with full straightening of the legs and body, arms behind the head).
- 7 of these series - excellent
- 5-6 episodes - good
- 3-4 episodes - mediocre
- 1-2 series - bad.
In addition to these tests, the "applicant" performs all without exception military sports standards.
In addition, the candidate is interviewed by the unit commander, who checks whether the soldier himself wants to serve in the special forces (if not, then it is better to take someone else), takes into account professional suitability (gives simple tests for the level of intelligence, like the Eysenck questionnaire). Next, they check the psychological compatibility of the soldier with potential colleagues, for which they put him for 2-3 days in the soldier’s team and ask other soldiers about him.
Psychophysical training in special forces
The most important psychological quality of a saboteur reconnaissance is the ability to independently make decisions on the situation. At the same time, many soldiers of other branches of the army are successfully weaned from this.
It was established experimentally that the ideal special forces soldier has an intelligence above the norm by at least 10-15 points, a tendency to risk (but not to adventures), a “passive-aggressive” type of character, is independent, knows how to behave according to the situation, blames himself for failures yourself, and not someone else, or an unfavorable combination of circumstances.
These qualities are extremely important due to the fact that commandos can stay on enemy territory for several days, or even weeks, constantly “playing cat and mouse” with enemy counterintelligence. In such a situation, the price of error is a failed mission and the lives of members of the reconnaissance group. Scouts must be smarter and more cunning than other soldiers.
In physical training classes, scouts are taught to overcome fear, for which they are regularly given tasks associated with risk. Thus, the fighter learns to control his own instinct for self-preservation. The possibilities of the human body are enormous, and psychophysical exercises enable these opportunities to be revealed more fully than simple sports training.
Psychophysical exercise training saboteur reconnaissance:
- exercises on the scout’s path;
- “Risk zone”, a section of which is overcome under actual fire from small arms;
- exercises from a mountain training course;
- exercises from the airborne training course;
- cross the river with a fast flow at improvised means;
- overcoming a wire fence under an electric current voltage;
- "Running in tanks";
- throwing combat grenades;
- rope crossing across a river or mountain gorge in full combat gear;
- swimming in uniform and with weapons;
- diving to the depths and liberation there from weapons and equipment;
- hand-to-hand combat with two or three rivals;
- exercises from hand-to-hand combat, with and without weapons, including against an armed enemy
- autopsy monitoring in a morgue;
- adaptation to the type of blood, cuts, scratches, overcoming disgust (kill a hare, cut off his head, drink blood).
Overcoming fear, a fighter gains such a valuable quality of life as self-confidence, and, in addition, learns to act in various extreme situations.
On overcoming squeamish we dwell in more detail. Special forces and army intelligence need people who are psychologically prepared to kill. When there is no such readiness, one cannot count on a fighter in a combat situation. This does not mean that you need to take a walk into the barracks of the construction battalion and strangle the first ensign with the bare hands, I already said about the killing of a hare, I will add that a stray dog \u200b\u200bcan come in place of a hare. Moreover, such a practice increases survival in camping conditions, where, perhaps, in general, you will have to eat all sorts of muck, like snakes and frogs.
General physical training
In addition to psychophysical exercises, scouts are engaged in general physical training (OFP), of course, more thorough than other soldiers. In addition to developing endurance, strength endurance, dexterity, and speed and strength qualities, physical training of reconnaissance saboteurs should increase resistance to shock loads, the effects of large loads, and also to motion sickness.
Exercises from the OFP course:
For endurance training
- Running 3 km. (standard - 12 minutes)
- Cross 5 km (“excellent” 24 min., “Good” 25, “satisfactory” 26 min.)
- Periodically, march-throws for 10-15 km are carried out.
For strength endurance training
- Comprehensive strength exercise. The first 30 seconds is the maximum number of torso lifts from a supine position, after which the maximum number of push-ups from the floor is performed immediately, without stopping, in the next 30 seconds.
- (“Excellent” 48 times, “good” 44, “satisfactory” 40.)
- Pull-ups on the crossbar (standard 20 times)
- Push-ups on the bars (standard 30 times)
- Push-ups from the floor (standard 60 times)
- The coup on the horizontal bar (standard 12 times)
For training speed-power qualities
- 100 meters run (13 sec.)
- Jumping through the "horse" and through the "goat"
Special exercises
- Overcoming an obstacle course.
About the obstacle course in more detail. It is carried out with a machine gun, a bag for shops, two shops and a gas mask. Distance - 400 m. Starting position - standing at the side of an armored personnel carrier (automatic machine in hand, gas mask in a bag): get into the model of an armored personnel carrier across the board, jump off the opposite side, run 200 m towards the first trench, go around the flag, jump into the trench, put on a gas mask, jump out of the trench and run along the log through the pit, jump from the log to the ground, overcome the blockage, jump into the ditch, take a box weighing 40 kg from the rear parapet and transfer it to the front parapet, then back to the rear parapet. Remove the gas mask and put it back in the bag, jump out of the ditch, overcome the maze, run up the fence along the inclined board, go to the beam, run along the beam, jumping over the gaps, jump to the ground, jump over the destroyed staircase, and jump from the last step to the ground. Overcome the wall, jump into the well, run along the message to the trench, throw an anti-tank grenade 15 m at the target - a 2x1 m shield, 3 attempts are given to hit the target), jump out of the trench, overcome the front garden, get into the lower window of the house, with him - to the upper window, go to the beam, pass along it, jump to the first platform, from it - to the second, jump to the ground, jump over the trench. Nothing at all, right?
And the evaluation criteria are as follows:
- "Excellent" -3 min 25 sec
- “Good” - 3 minutes 30 seconds,
- “Satisfactory” - 3 min 45 sec.
The obstacle course is also overcome as part of the unit, as well as after running 1 and 3 km.
Scout Trail and Training Room
Scout Trail
A complicated version of the obstacle course is the “scout path”, the same obstacle course, only the obstacles themselves are as close as possible to the combat situation (wooden and stone fences, brick walls with breaks, ruins of buildings, barbed wire, ditches filled with water, targets for throwing knives and grenade, sloping stairs, "stuffed" enemy soldiers, a pit with water and a log thrown over it.
On the "scout’s path" the fighter is trained in the skills of secretive movement, overcoming all kinds of obstacles, actions in enemy trenches, indoors, hand-to-hand fighting skills.
"Scout trail" is overcome by each soldier individually and by the entire reconnaissance and sabotage group. On time and not taking into account time. Emphasis can be placed on overcoming individual obstacles or silent movement. All kinds of noises, smoke screens, burning tires, explosive packages imitate a real battle. (psychophysical training). The emphasis in the lesson can be done on throwing knives, grenades, removing the sentries, mining.
If the emphasis is on hand-to-hand combat, after some obstacles a fighter can expect an unexpected attack, he will have to conduct a "battle" with a "scarecrow", practicing blows with a butt, knife, and sapper shovel.
On the "scout’s path" saboteurs-scouts learn to act quickly and smoothly.
Training room
In addition to the “scout trail”, a special place for hand-to-hand combat and strength exercises is equipped in the premises of each company.
Special forces usually engage in strength exercises three days a week or every other day.
The so-called cross-fit is popular, the fighter works on one projectile for about a minute, after a minute's rest he switches to another, then to the third and so on, the whole complex is repeated three times. An approximate complex: pull-ups on the crossbar, push-ups on the bars, leg lifts in the hang on the Swedish wall, turning the wheel from an armored personnel carrier, working with a sledgehammer (hitting a rubber tire), push-ups from the floor. There are cross-fit with a barbell (bench press, squats, bench press, exercises on the press and on the lower back), but not all fighters do these complexes, but only those who need this because of their specialization.
Weights are small - about the weight of your body, but a large number of times. At the same time, no one (except for the "spirits" who have just arrived from quarantine) can train for wear. In strength training, proper recovery is very important. In addition, special forces soldiers can be raised by alarm and sent to a real combat mission, which means that the force must remain. If the task is known in advance (for example, it may just be a planned exercise), then the load on training is reduced.
In addition, during the day, fighters perform exercises such as pull-ups on the bar and push-ups from the floor. Several approaches throughout the day, and in no case not to the limit.
It should be noted that in addition to physical training classes, a solid load is given by hand-to-hand fighting.
As you can see, these fighters have no time to be bored. There is no time at all ...
Alex Neronov
