The world. Test. Natural communities. The world around us A generalization test on the topic of natural communities
Environmental factors affecting the body.
biotic
abiotic
both answers are correct
What effect does light have on a plant?
growth, flowering, fruiting
seed germination
both answers are correct
Light is an environmental factor that determines the life of plants, most of which are photo-autotrophic. The radiant energy of the Sun is the premise of earthly life. Sunlight regulates the growth and development of plants, and can also have a damaging effect. Light is one of the most important factors in the life of a green plant, since it is a source of energy in the process of photosynthesis. It also affects other functions of the plant organism - on its growth, flowering, fruiting , as well as seed germination. The ratio of plants to light is different, according to this sign, three groups are distinguished: photophilous, shade-loving and shade-tolerant.
The effect of living organisms on plants.
animals feed, pollinate
darken, used as a support
both answers are correct
Animals feed on plants, pollinate them, carry fruits and seeds. Large plants can obscure young, small. Some plants use others as a support. Microorganisms corrupting plant residues enrich the soil with humus and minerals.
The effect of plants on the environment.
change the composition of air, soil
fix and protect the soil from destruction
both answers are correct
Plants change the composition of air: moisturize it is absorbed by carbon dioxide and emit oxygen. Are changing soil composition - they absorb some substances from it and excrete others into it. Root systems of plants fasten slopes ravines, hills, river valleys, protecting the soil from destruction. Forest planting protect the fields from dry winds.
Characteristic features of photophilous plants.
light affects plant shape
light affects the color of the plant: stem, leaf
both answers are correct
Photophilous plants live only in open sunlit places where there is a rather rare vegetation cover. Light has a great influence on the shape of plants. Growing in an open area, as a rule, are low, branched, with a wide crown. Photophilous plants have a characteristic structure of leaves. They are usually small, dense, with shiny thick skin and numerous stomata. In many plants, the leaves are covered with wax coating or hairs, which protects them from direct exposure to sunlight. Well-developed mechanical tissue and root system.
Characteristic features of shade-loving plants.
poorly developed mechanical and conductive tissues
leaf blades are fragile and thin. Stomata on the upper and lower sides of the leaf
both answers are correct
Characteristic features of aquatic plants.
slight body surface
powerful root system
no correct answer
Most plants living in water have a very large body surface. They absorb water and substances dissolved in it by the entire surface of the body, and therefore the root system is poorly developed, and sometimes completely absent. There are no stomata on underwater leaves.
Types of plant communities.
forests, meadows, swamps
steppes, tundra
both answers are correct
Vegetation is the totality of plant communities existing in a particular territory. Depending on the predominance of certain types and conditions of existence, plant communities are combined into large groups. Each type of vegetation has its own characteristics, by which it can be distinguished from others. Meadows and steppes - These are thickets of grass knee-high, waist-high, or taller than human height. Some meadow and steppe grasses go from germination to fruiting and death in one season, others in two, and still others live for years and decades. Swamps called the community of plants, partially immersed in water and partially protruding from it. They are formed by cereals, sedges, mosses, shrubs. Plants tundra develop very slowly. Tundra plants are usually stunted - snow covers and bends them. IN deserts where it rains every year, ephemeral communities develop. After spring rains, plants cover the soil with carpet and in 3-8 weeks they manage to grow and bear fruit, and perennials also stock up on nutrients. The size of the ephemera depends on its moisture content - plants that reach 30-39 cm in moisture-rich years and grow up to 3-4 cm in dry years. Some species of desert plants have small, almost invisible leaves or do without them at all - photosynthesis is carried out by the stems . Other plants have large leaves during the wet season and small leaves in the dry season.
Life forms of plants that make up deciduous forest.
first tier: oak, linden, birch
first tier: herbs, bird cherry
first tier: grasses and ferns
Communities of plants do not arise by chance: they develop gradually over many millennia. As a result, different plant species in the community adapt to cohabitation. Layering is most pronounced in forest communities. In the deciduous forest, oaks, linden, birch and other large trees form the first upper tier.
A natural change in plant communities may be caused ...
climate change
soil composition or structure; the vital activity of the plants themselves
both answers are correct
A natural change in plant communities can be caused by changes in the climate, the composition or structure of soils, and the vital activity of the plants themselves. Under the influence of these factors, some plants may appear in the community, while others may disappear. In forest communities, vegetation is also changing. Under the canopy of a birch forest, shade-tolerant spruce trees grow beautifully. Years go by. Spruce grows and occupies the upper tier of the forest. Old birches perish. And young photophilous birches cannot survive - there is too little light for them under the spruce crowns. Gradually there is a change of vegetation in the lower tier. Thus, there is a change of birch forest with spruce.
The ancestors of the kingdom of green plants.
unicellular algae
bacteria
lichens
3. They live on trees ...
c) moles, moose, worms.
4. They live in the forest litter ...
c) chanterelles, mushrooms, butter.
c) ground squirrel, bustard, roe deer.
Test "Forest - a natural community."
1. The forest is called the natural community because ...
a) in the forest next to each other various plants grow;
b) all the inhabitants of the forest live together, are closely related;
c) the whole forest - from the tops of trees to the ground - is inhabited by animals.
2. In the forest, plants form tiers:
a) the upper - mosses and lichens, the middle - trees, the lower - shrubs;
b) upper - trees, middle - herbaceous plants, lower - shrubs;
c) the upper one is trees, the middle one is shrubs, the lower one is grasses, mosses and lichens.
3. They live on trees ...
a) squirrels, woodpeckers, pine forests; b) mice, hares, bears;
c) moles, moose, worms.
4. They live in the forest litter ...
a) hedgehogs, moles, shrews; b) bacteria, insects and their larvae;
c) ladybugs, beetles - bark beetles, forest mice.
5. Edible mushrooms include:
a) fly agaric, bile fungus, false mushrooms; b) raincoats, pale grebe, valui;
c) chanterelles, mushrooms, butter.
6. Select a group of animals and plants of the forest community:
a) bell, timothy, clover, bee, quail, corncrake;
b) spruce, pine, birch, raspberry, wild strawberry, cuckoo, woodpecker, moose;
c) wheat, rye, corn, potatoes.
7. Find the animals of our region:
a) sable, tiger, flying squirrel; b) elk, wild boar, beetle - bark beetle;
c) ground squirrel, bustard, roe deer.
8. Which of the animals helps forest litter:
a) hungry animals; b) small animals;
c) those animals that hibernate.
9. Layering is: a) the coexistence of organisms of different species;
Task 2. Define the concepts: layering, temporary natural community, meadow.
Task 3.Write down the numbers of the true statements.
1. A plant community is a natural totality of plants.
3. The first tier in the community is everywhere represented by trees.
4. The city park is called "agrocenosis."
Task 4. What is the significance of autotrophs in the natural community? What are the consequences of their disappearance?
Task 5. Why do not the leaves falling annually accumulate in the forest?
Test on the topic: “Natural communities” Option 2.
Task 1. Choose one correct answer.
- Life on Earth is impossible without plants, because they are:
a) living organisms; b) breathe, eat, grow. c) emit oxygen;
g) form organic matter.
2. The plant organism is affected by:
a) only inanimate nature; b) only other living organisms;
c) animate and inanimate nature; d) only a person.
3. Change of plant communities occurs under the influence of:
a) change of seasons; b) climate change;
c) non-simultaneous development of plants; d) human activities.
4. The connection between living organisms and the environment is being studied by science:
a) geography; b) ecology; c) phenology; g) biology.
5. The habitat is: a) living and inanimate nature, affecting plants;
b) only light; c) only water; d) predators.
6. The pine tree occupies the upper tier because:
a) loves the shadow; b) moisture-loving; c) loves the light; d) resistant to drought.
7. In a dark forest, many plants have light flowers, because they:
a) noticeable by insects; b) visible to people; c) decorate the forest; g) grow on fertile land.
8. In the process of metabolism, the plant:
a) only receives substances from the environment; b) one substance gets, the other emits;
c) only releases the substance to the environment; g) moves nutrients along the stem.
9. Layering is: a) the coexistence of organisms of different species;
b) the use by some plants of others as a support;
c) symbiotic relationships of organisms;
d) the division of the plant community into horizontal layers.
Task 2. Define the concepts: phytocenosis, indigenous natural community, agrocenosis.
Task 3. Write down the numbers of the correct statements.
1. Plants of different tiers live in different conditions.
2. The plant community is part of the biogeocenosis.
3. A change in the plant community is its overgrowth.
4. Plant height is an important characteristic of each tier.
5. The field and the garden are agrocenoses.
6. Swamps and meadows are natural plant communities.
7. All natural communities are sustainable.
Task 4. What is the importance of heterotrophs-converters in the natural community? What are the consequences of their disappearance?
Task 5. Why in the fields where wheat grows, we do not find the Colorado potato beetle?
Thank you, have not yet expressed ..
Screening Test for Natural Communities
Pupils ______ 3 classes ___________________________
1. What is a natural community?
a) the complex unity of animate and inanimate nature;
b) the unity of plants, animals, people;
c) water, air, minerals, soil;
d) trees, shrubs, mushrooms, herbs.
2. What doesn’t apply to natural communities?
a) forest; b) meadow; c) soil; d) a reservoir.
3. What kind of natural community are we talking about?
Shrubs and herbaceous plants grow here, many animals live. There are mushrooms here.
a) forest; b) meadow; c) a reservoir.
A wonderful carpet of grass spreads around. Butterflies flutter silently above the flowers, bees and bumblebees buzz.
a) forest; b) meadow; c) a reservoir.
This is an amazing house inhabited by numerous residents who have adapted to life in the water or near the water.
a) forest; b) meadow; c) a reservoir.
4. The main plants of the forest.
5. The main plants of the meadow.
a) shrubs; b) trees; c) herbs; d) algae.
6. To which of the natural communities do these inhabitants belong?
Lycaena, yarrow, quail, filly
a) forest; b) meadow; c) a reservoir.
Archery, beaver, reed, reel
a) forest; b) meadow; c) a reservoir.
Weasel, euonymus, slug, thrush
a) forest; b) meadow; c) a reservoir.
7. Who is called “living filters”?
a) crayfish; b) toothless; c) pike; d) newts
8. What are we talking about: from soil to plants, from plants to animal bodies, and with the remains of plants and animals back to soil?
a) power circuit; b) the water cycle in nature; c) the cycle of substances.
9. The main participant in the cycle of substances?
a) mushrooms; b) animals; c) bacteria; g) plants.
10. Helper for bacteria in the cycle of substances.
a) moles; b) mushrooms; c) leeches; d) beetles.
Option 1. 1. Indicate the group in which only meadow plants are indicated.A) Wormwood, feather grass, peony. B) Timothy grass, clover, yarrow, dandelion. C) Lingonberries, blueberries, raspberries. 2. Indicate the group in which only animal meadows are indicated.A) Grouse, capercaillie, sable, squirrel. B) Filly, quail, owl, swan. C) Grasshopper, wagtail, bumblebee, mouse. 3. Indicate the group in which the lake plants are correctly named.A) cattail, reed, reeds. B) A bell, a cornflower, a camomile. C) Oats, fescue, wormwood. 4. Indicate the group in which the animals of the lake are correctly named. A) Ducks, herons, storks. B) Seagulls, wagtails, black grouse. C) Swans, owls, eagles. 5. Indicate the group in which examples of natural reservoirs are given correctly.A) Rivers, seas, lakes, streams. B) Rivers, seas, oceans. C) Canals, ponds, reservoirs. 6. Which of the power circuits is indicated correctly?A) Lark - cornflower - grasshopper. B) Reed - mosquito - frog - otter. C) Hare - fox - moose. 7. From which group can the power circuit be made up?A) Fox, woodpecker, raspberry. B) Oak, wolf, wild boar. C) Eagle, rye, owl. a) Cabbage - a caterpillar - ………………………… .. - an eagle; b) Algae - ………………………… .. - pike. 9. A mistake has been made in the text. Find her.High dense rye on the field is a forest of its kind. Birds and animals live here. In the afternoon, field moons fly over the field, looking for mice and hamsters. Closer to night - some shadows are visible above the rye. These owls flew out to hunt. All night they will catch mice and voles. But in rye there are many such small animals that are worse than rodents. These are insects - pests of the field: slugs, aphids, earthworms, caterpillars. But cereals have friends who take care of them. These are insectivorous animals: shrews, hedgehogs, insectivorous birds. Oak, pike, whip, timothy grasshopper, aspen, beetle - bark beetle, water strider, bumblebee, wild strawberry, duckweed, fox, shrew, cedar, clover.
Option 2 1. Indicate the line in which only insects of the meadow are indicated. A) Bees, bumblebees, butterflies, filly. B) Mosquitoes, dragonflies, diving beetles. C) May bugs, bark beetles, caterpillars. 2. What meadow plants are prepared for pet food?A) Chamomile, cornflower, buttercup. B) Bluegrass, timothy, clover. C) Bell, reed, water lily. 3. Indicate the line in which the animals of the lake are correctly named. A) Crayfish, perches, seals, heron. B) Prudoviki, toothless, dragonfly, hedgehog. C) Water striders, otter, frogs, mollusks. 4. Indicate the line in which the plants of the pond attached to the bottom are correctly named.A) sedge, green algae, arrowhead. B) A small egg, a water lily, a reed. C) Reed, cattail, duckweed. 5. Indicate the line in which examples of artificial reservoirs are given correctly.A) Seas, rivers, lakes. B) Canals, streams, rivers. C) Reservoirs, ponds, canals. 6. From which group can the power circuit be made up?A) Bear, honey, bee. B) Pike, algae, roach. C) Rye, grasshopper, mouse. 7. Which of the power circuits is indicated correctly?A) Rye - mouse - snake - eagle. B) Pine - woodpecker - bark beetle. C) Slug - cabbage - toad. 8. Insert the missing link in the power circuit:a) cabbage - ……………… - ladybug; b) cattail - ……………………… - frog - heron. 9. A mistake has been made in the text. Find her.On the very shores of the lake, slender thickets of cattails rise with dark brown ears on the tops of the stems. Not far from it, the reed shakes its thick panicles of dark purple spikelets. Here you can see a cluster of reeds and bluegrass. We can easily recognize a water lily by large white flowers and round shiny leaves. In summer, the surface of the lake is dragged by duckweed. Dragonflies catch flies, mosquitoes and other insects on the fly. On a smooth water surface a bug easily glides - a water meter. A swimming beetle eats tadpoles and fish fry. Error: 10. Distribute wildlife representatives into groups (communities). Name them.Bee, cuckoo, birch, frog, fox, timothy, squirrel, spruce, reed, perch, cattail, grasshopper, clover, mole.
