New Russian tank t 99. The latest tanks in Russia - what are they? The newest tank in Russia. Decommissioned tanks return
China has a lot of tanks. About eight to nine thousand. Who else might need such a huge amount?
To the United States. And Russia. (Note that in the total figure we included canned tanks in warehouses and reserve. The number of tanks in the army in any case is less.)
However, most of the Chinese tanks are old models, especially the “Type 59” and “Type 69”, which are partly a direct copy of the T-54 Soviet machine of the 1950s. There are so many of these tanks that once I came across one of them at a playground in Tianjin, where it became a toy for children.
However, the last and the best instance of the Type 99 tank in this line is of great respect to foreign observers, although it was never exported or used in battle. The reason is simple: in terms of its tactical and technical characteristics, it is not inferior to the best Western models, and also has some unique features.
Today we will see how the Type 99 looks in comparison with its two most important contemporaries, such as the American M1A2 Abrams tank and the Russian T-90.
Before we dive into the technical details, the following question should be answered: do China really need tanks? The question is quite reasonable, because the main military efforts of China are concentrated in the direction of the Pacific Ocean.
Some may ask: what are the chances that the American M1 Abrams tanks will ever converge in battle with the Chinese Type 99? In doing so, it’s worth considering this: will these armored vehicles be able to cross the Pacific Ocean and exchange shots somewhere in the Scarborough Reef?
Context
NI: Armata vs. Abrams
The National Interest 09/16/2016T-80 vs M1 Abrams: who will win?
The National Interest 06/14/2016Why is a Russian tank dangerous for NATO
The National Interest 05/26/2016Russia and China quickly catch up with the United States
The National Interest 05/18/2016But the jokes aside. This is extremely unlikely, except for the scenarios of the landing operation for any computer game. On the other hand, Taiwan is showing interest in buying Abrams tanks, and another 60 such vehicles are in service with Australia. So never say never.
However, this issue becomes more relevant if you think about the Russian T-90. Moscow now has good relations with Beijing, but these countries are not close allies. There is a long common border between them, and in the late 1960s they almost entered the war with each other.
Most importantly, Russia supplies its weapons and military equipment to India and Vietnam, including such systems that will obviously be used against the Chinese army in case of conflict. For example, these are BraMos cruise missiles, and also ... yes, over one thousand T-90 tanks, many of which are deployed along the Indian border in the Himalayas.
In 1962, China entered the war with India over this border, and in 1979 began a war with Vietnam in order to punish him for confronting the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia, which enjoyed Chinese support. (Vietnam also wants to order the T-90.)
Today, the Chinese military is insistent that India, which could become a superpower in the long run, poses a threat to China. Therefore, they conduct large-scale militarization of the border areas near India and build roads so that heavy military equipment can pass through the high mountains. China is also establishing allied relations with Pakistan, which has repeatedly fought with India, and from time to time supplies it with military equipment.
And finally, you should think about a possible civil war or the collapse of the government in North Korea. What kind of policy Beijing will pursue in this case is a trillion dollar question, but in one scenario, the Chinese ground forces should intervene and restore order in North Korea. And this threatens clashes with the Korean troops.
Thus, although no one needs a real armed conflict and in most cases will have the opposite effect for all participants (like most other wars), there are some situations in which tank battles can still take place on the borders of China, in particular against tanks Russian production.
But enough about politics, let's move on to the rumbling death machines!
First let me introduce the rivals ...
Of course, Abrams is a classic American machine that defeated Iraqi tank forces armed with Soviet tanks during the Persian Gulf War in 1991. At the same time, the Americans did not lose a single tank from enemy fire. Abrams is not a new tank, but the ground forces are constantly improving its ammunition, armor protection and detection devices so that it keeps up to date.
The T-90 is the first Russian tank to appear after the Cold War. He is not a match for Abramsu, but still has important characteristics in terms of accuracy and armor protection. This is especially true for machines equipped with a new generation of dynamic protection. At present, Russia is adopting a fundamentally new T-14 tank, but so far its 550 main battle force remains T-90A tanks.
Moscow has created a modernized T-90AM tank, but the mass production of this machine has not yet begun. However, she sold 354 similar T-90MS tanks (export version) to India, which intends to deploy them on the border with China. In general, India has more than 1,200 T-90s, and Algeria intends to get more than 800 of these machines over time.
The Chinese Type 99 tank combines a hull that closely resembles an elongated T-72 and a Western-style turret, for which the German Leopard 2 partially prototype. For the first time a prototype of this tank called "Type 98" appeared at the festive parade in 1999. Then it received the name "Type 99" and in 2001 began to enter service. With a weight of 57 tons, this machine by weight characteristics occupies a middle position between the 70-ton Abrams and the 48-ton T-90. In some of its modifications, such as Type 99A2, advanced technologies are used. Beijing has nearly 500 Type 99 tanks in 16 tank battalions. He also created 124 more modern Type 99A tanks. This option is not exported, although some of its elements are used in the VT4 Chinese export tank.
Fire weapons
The Type 99 and T-90 tanks are equipped with a 125-mm cannon with a carousel automatic loader taken from samples of the Soviet era. During the war in the Persian Gulf, the gun showed itself poorly in battles with the Abrams and Challenger tanks, but thanks to ammunition with a tungsten core at a shorter distance, it is capable of penetrating the Abrams frontal armor.
The new Type 99A2 tank has a longer cannon, which theoretically should give a higher initial velocity to sub-caliber projectiles, as well as increase armor penetration and accuracy. The gun also has an intricate new stabilizer.
According to available information, China intends to install a 140 mm gun on the Type 99 tank over time, although during the preliminary tests the gun’s barrel was torn apart. By the way, Russia also intends to equip its new T-14 Armata with a gun of the same caliber.
Rheinmetal’s 120mm Abrams cannon fires depleted uranium-fired M829 shells, causing a lot of political debate. The thickness of the armor pierced by such a shell is 15-25% greater. Currently, the United States produces a new generation of M829 ammunition, which can penetrate the Contact and Relict dynamic defense systems developed in Russia (about them a little later).
China has developed its own depleted uranium ammunition for its 125 mm cannon, which, according to its claims, can penetrate M1 armor up to 1.4 kilometers.
Abrams has a fourth crew member loading a gun, which, according to American tankers, is much more reliable. This provides a higher rate of fire, and if one of the crew members is disabled, the loader will be able to replace him. But the fourth crew member needs extra space, and because of this, the M1 is bigger and heavier.
© AP Photo, Jan Pitman Tank M1 Abrams
The Type 99 and T-90 can launch anti-tank guided missiles through the barrel of a gun, but Abrams cannot do this. (The Type 99 tank uses a Russian-designed AT-11 Reflex ATGM manufactured under license.) Theoretically, this gives an advantage in long-range combat or in the fight against low-flying helicopters. But missiles launched from a tank have been around for 50 years, but they are of little use.
Effective detection devices that help to find the target and perform aiming in tank battles are as crucial as fire weapons. In recent years, Russia has made some progress in creating tank sights and thermal imaging devices, although it is believed that Western sights and detection devices still surpass them. The T-90A is not the best optics in Russia (some tanks were modernized and received French Catherine thermal imagers), but the T-90MS has an advanced Kalina fire control system.
China is famous for its excellent electronics, and the Type 99A2 presumably has a new search and tracking infrared system that allows it to effectively hunt for enemy tanks and is superior in its parameters to the T-90A tank system.
Protection
The Type 99 boasts composite armor and dynamic protection. These are explosive blocks placed on the tank, which undermine the flying projectiles, preventing them from breaking through the armor. The new Type 99A2 uses a multilayer system similar to the Russian Relict dynamic defense, which, with the help of a radar, detonates active-reactive armor elements before a projectile hits a tank. It is designed to destroy shells with two successive cumulative charges that overcome the dynamic protection of older samples.
The T-90A uses the older Contact-5 dynamic defense system, and the new Indian T-90MS tanks use the Relic system. Both systems are most effective in combating ATGMs, but they also reduce the penetration of tank shells.
“Type 99” has a laser complex of active counteraction, warning the commander in the event that his machine is irradiated with a laser beam of the enemy. This gives the driver a chance to get the car out of the danger zone. If you look at the video frames from Syria and Yemen, you can see that the tankers do not notice the approaching ATGMs of the enemy (they can fly 20 or more seconds before hitting). Thus, the use of the new complex can significantly increase the survivability of the tank.
They say that the Type 99 tank also has a unique and extremely powerful quantum generator, which blinds laser-guided and infrared-guided missiles with a laser beam, destroys enemy sights and affects the organs of vision of operators. Fortunately, such powerful tank laser dazzlers have never been used in combat, and therefore we have no idea how well they work.
The new “Type 99A2” is apparently also equipped with a laser-based communication system that can be used to identify its machines and transmit encrypted data.
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Echo24 08/03/2015On the other hand, the T-90 tank has the Shtora active defense system, which not only interferes with the lasers with its emitters, but also emits smoke grenades that create a cloud around the tank that hides it from the lasers.
The M1 Abrams has neither laser warning devices, nor active defense complexes, nor active-reactive armor, although it is quite possible that these elements will be installed on new tank modifications.
So far, the M1A2 tank relies on the excellent Chobham composite armor, which has been improved over the years, and now, when hit by a caliber projectile, it provides protection equivalent to 800 or more millimeters of rolled hardened armor, and when hit by a cumulative missile charge, it is equivalent to 1,300 millimeters. In comparison, the T-90 provides protection equivalent to a maximum of 650 millimeters of rolled hardened armor. Abrams also benefits from the fact that its ammunition is stored separately, since this reduces the chances of their catastrophic detonation when enemy ammunition hits.
The Type 99 tank combines composite and modular armor, providing approximately the same protection as the Abrams, or close to it. One source claims that this armor is equivalent to armor steel with a thickness of about 1,100 mm, although data on its real effectiveness is classified.
Mobility
The Type 99 is the most agile of the tanks in question. When driving on the road, it is capable of speeds up to 80 kilometers per hour. M1 Abrams and the T-90MS delivered to India are lagging behind at speeds of 68 and 72 kilometers per hour, respectively. And in the T-90 it generally does not exceed 56 kilometers per hour. However, the gluttonous M1A2 can cover only 380 kilometers, after which he will need refueling. But the “Type 99” and the T-90 have a power reserve of more than 480 kilometers. Further, due to the heavy weight of the M1, it is most difficult to transport and engage in battle.
And the last moment. Type 99 has new digital maintenance systems similar to those installed on the latest M1 Abrams.
Thus, in general, “Abrams” has the largest firepower of this trio, however, “Type 99” is better protected thanks to its multi-layer protection systems. In addition, it is faster and has a large power reserve.
The T-90A as a whole lags behind the Chinese and American rivals, but the T-90MS with the Relict system, advanced sights and a more powerful engine can compete with them.
Nevertheless, one should keep in mind the real characteristics of the armor of the Chinese car. Certain doubts are caused by its gun and electronics, since this tank is not exported, and the M1 and T-90 were actively used in battles by various countries. Beijing loves to keep secret information about its technology, and it also has an incentive to exaggerate the capabilities of its weapons.
At the same time, the available data indicate that despite the huge hordes of obsolete Type 59 tanks, China is able to design, build and adopt a first-class main battle tank. This fits well with the desire of Chairman Xi Jinping to reduce the number, but at the same time improve the quality of the Chinese army.
Sébastien Roblin holds a master’s degree from Georgetown University in conflict resolution. He worked as an instructor for the Peace Corps in China. He is currently publishing security and military history articles on the War is Boring website.
InoSMI materials contain estimates of exclusively foreign media and do not reflect the position of the InoSMI editorial staff.
According to the military doctrine, tanks are used mainly in the main areas for a cutting strike.
In the modern history of tank battles, especially during the Patriotic War, it was for these purposes that tanks were created and were successfully used.
But at present, the use of tank formations and the very requirements that the latest Russian tanks must satisfy have changed a lot.
T-90A - main battle tank
Since 2004, the T-90A tanks have been in service with the Russian army. Production of a promising tank launched at Uralvagonzavod.
The addition of index A suggests that this model is a modernization of the T-90. And the differences are very significant. Another engine, a tower and equipping the machine with thermal imaging equipment.
A V-shaped 12-cylinder engine was installed on the T-90. According to the tradition of the development of military vehicles, the engine is omnivorous and provides the mechanism with different types of fuel. The V-84MS engine (modernized B2) at 2000 rpm develops a power of 840 hp.
On the T-90A modification, engine power, due to the installation of a turbocharger and deep modernization, was increased to 1000 hp. at the same 2000 rpm.
Modifications T-90
T-90 gun
Like the T-72B tank, the T-90 is equipped with a carousel automatic loader with a practical rate of fire of 8 rounds per minute. The ammunition consists of armor-piercing projectile shells, 3BK29M armor-piercing cumulative shells and high-explosive fragmentation shells with an electronic remote fuse (together with the Aynet remote detonation system).
ATGM will defeat both stationary and moving low-flying targets, thanks to the laser beam guidance system. Defeat targets provides transonic velocity of shells. Shooting, unlike the T-72B, can be conducted from a mobile tank when moving at a speed of up to 30 km / h with a range of destruction of targets from 100 to 50,000 m. The development of a new tank in Russia must meet at least the same characteristics.
The designers of the new combat vehicle took care of the safety of the crew, which is now separated from the fighting compartment by an armored personnel carrier. If the enemy’s shell gets into the compartment with the ammunition, then the energy from the explosion is sent up through special knockout panels. Thus, the tank crew itself remains safe at the time of the undermining of the ammunition.
According to the developers, the survivability of the combat vehicle is increased due to a specially designed layout of those tank units that are primarily vulnerable. If, nevertheless, one of them is damaged, the tank in any case performs a combat mission.
Promising tanks
As on the Armata platform, a deserted tower is installed on the new Russian T-95 tank. It is planned to equip the tank with electronic reconnaissance equipment and electronic target designation. The armor on the new developments will be electromagnetic, with a vehicle weight of 30 to 50 tons.
The complex of modern electronic equipment includes a radar.
Complete with optical, thermal imaging and infrared channels, a laser rangefinder and a radar station will be included in the collection of information about the target.
The latest developments of Russian tanks achieve an additional advantage in duel combat thanks to the armor of the frontal projections, low silhouette and characteristics of the gun.
Workplace gunner T-99
The place of the crew commander of the T-99 tank is equipped with an external surveillance system, with which it is possible to view the terrain around the tank. With four cameras that are equipped with the function of working with low light, the tank commander has the ability to monitor the progress of the battle.
The antineutron breakdown has been replaced by fireproof and anti-shatter material of the Kevlar type. The fire extinguishing system, which is equipped with the latest Russian T-99 tank, has been significantly improved.
Combat survivability T-99
The presence on board a vehicle of the TShU-1-7 complex (Shtora) provides protection against missiles with semi-automatic guidance and also ATGMs with laser semi-active guidance such as "Mayvrik". This greatly increases the protection of the tank.
Also, the complex uses the SOEP OTSHU-1 station with an aerosol curtain system (SPZ). The ESEC modulates radiation close to the modifications of the Milan and Dragon tracers. Influencing his radiation on the enemy missile guidance system, he thwarts this kind of attack.
In addition, the complex will be able to provide IR illumination at night and shooting with night vision devices. It can also be used to blind any, even small-sized, objects.
Gun control
As practice shows, thanks to the fire control system (LMS), aiming at a target is much easier. If the gunner made a mistake in choosing, the system that the T-99 is equipped with will turn the gun itself to the desired angle.
This ensures the automatic input of amendments for conducting targeted shooting. The system possessed by the newest Russian tank T-99 takes into account the speed of the tank, determines the distance to the target and its angular velocity, temperature corrections, corrections for atmospheric pressure, takes into account the direction and speed of the wind. Temperature corrections of the charge itself are introduced and the stage of barrel wear is also taken into account.
Uninhabited tower
Unusual shape of the tank T-99 gives the tower. Now it can be equipped with guns of any caliber.
The crew, consisting of 3 people, is placed in an armored capsule, which is independent of the turret and automatic loader.
The gun is located separately from the crew, in a small uninhabited tower. This approach allows you to really reduce the silhouette of the tank and provide better stealth in combat conditions.
The main difference between the towers installed on the new tanks of Russia (photo below) is immediately evident. They are uninhabited, due to which the silhouette of the tank has changed.
For interaction in combat conditions, the tank is equipped with a "friend or foe" complex. This is a defining element in modern dynamic battles on the battlefield.
Why did “Object 195” not go into production?
The new tank of the Russian army, bearing the project name "Object 195", has practically passed state tests. But not adopted for the following reasons.
Firstly, the Ministry of Defense of Russia has changed the requirements for parameters, which must correspond to the latest tanks of Russia:
- to protect the tank from projectile entry into the upper projection of the machine;
- on protection against stockpiled mines and improvised guided explosive devices;
- all-round protection against portable hand-held anti-tank weapons, etc.
Secondly, Russian industry is not ready for its mass production. It will take several years to conduct a deep scientific and technical modernization of production and begin to independently produce the newest tank in Russia and those key components that are necessary for it.
Modernization of production is associated with the collapse of the Soviet Union, in which relations with the manufacturers of those components that were outside the territory of Russia were broken.
It was necessary to reconstruct cooperative ties both during the creation of the T-90A and when working on the project "Object 195". And the military industry of Russia has successfully dealt with both tasks.
Object 195 (T-95) - the Russian project of a promising new generation tank, was in development from 1990 to 2010. Currently funding for tank research has been interrupted.
In 2010, the deputy. Defense Minister Vladimir Popovkin announced the cessation of funding for the study of the Object 195 combat vehicle, as well as the closure of the program, since the design of the battle tank is morally outdated.
Advanced weapons
Designers and designers of the new combat vehicle approached the armament of an advanced tank, also unconventionally.
The tank is supposed to be equipped with a gun with a caliber from 125 to 152 mm. Moreover, it will realize the possibility of dispersing the projectile inside the barrel with an electromagnetic field and firing guided missiles.
Fire from a cannon can be done direct fire when removing a target more than 5 km.
The new, 12.7 mm Kord machine gun serves as a remote-controlled anti-aircraft gun.
Designers have provided the possibility of using charges with liquid propellant.
Remedies
Another advantage of the T-99 is the presence of the Arena active defense system. Such protection is a series of explosive plates mounted on the surface of a tank’s armor.
Such a complex is triggered when hit in the plate - it explodes and throws the projectile to the side.
To protect against pointing the weapon towards the T-99 using laser on the armor installed laser radiation sensors.
On the sides of the tank launchers for firing charges of the Drozd-M complex were installed. To protect against guided missile shells, it is planned to install an optoelectronic suppression system.
Requirements for a new tank
The main difference between the main tanks and the T-14 Armata is that all tank specialists recognize the use of a "gun mount", in which the gun itself is located in an uninhabited tower. In this case, the ammunition is located under the tower. The crew itself is located separately from the tower, in an isolated armored capsule.
Also, a sign that will be possessed by new tanks in the arsenal of Russia will be a 152-mm smoothbore gun, a suspension of a hydroactive type and a new X-shaped diesel engine with a power reserve of up to 1,500 hp.
The army, which uses the latest tanks of Russia, proposed a fundamentally new concept of warfare, which is based on 4 provisions:
Increasing the likelihood of hitting a target, while the target should be guaranteed to leave the battle
The crew of the tank when hit by cumulative or kinetic shells must be guaranteed to survive.
The inclusion of the tank as a combat unit in the automatic control system, as a result, the tank should become a unified weapons system;
The development of other combat vehicles based on the new tank, including equipment for the rear and technical support.
The modernization of military equipment will be phased over 30 years.
These characteristics should have a new generation tank. Russia is actively developing for this system.
New technological solutions
To fulfill the general directions in the development of armored vehicles, it is necessary to introduce a number of technological solutions that the newest tank in Russia should possess:
- the use of multichannel weapons and, as a result, the development of promising ammunition;
- the work of all weapons on the tank should be ensured by several types of technical vision: optical, thermal imaging and television;
- to ensure complete isolation of the crew, fuel tank and ammunition, ensuring a level of protection that is 2-3 times better than the best;
- as an engine for a new tank, the use of a gas turbine or diesel installation of increased power of 1,500 hp should be provided, with hydromechanical suspension; all this in a complex should give superiority in average speed of movement, dynamics of movement and power in comparison with other tanks;
- the newest tanks of Russia should be equipped with an internal self-control system for the serviceability of all their own systems;
- the control system should be able to: prepare data for targeted shooting, control the entire range of weapons, exercise control over control systems, receive information outside the tank using its own information system.
Prospects for the creation of Almaty
The new tank of Russia "Armata" has incorporated all the developments on the "object 195". By layout and by most of the components, systems, as well as units, the Armata is almost similar to the Object 195, but is executed at a different, higher quality level.
But at the moment, the Ministry of Defense did not consider it necessary to equip Armata with another gun, as this would lead to a complete re-adjustment of production facilities for the production of existing shells.
But the potential possessed by the new Armata tank of Russia is so great that armed re-equipment will not take much time if necessary. Moreover, the fleet of existing tanks and tanks in reserve is quite large.
It should be noted that countries such as Germany, France, the United Kingdom and several other powers have reduced the number of tanks or abandoned them altogether.
The current situation in the tank forces is such that there are already 40 brigades that use the latest Russian tanks. But in the near future, this situation will be revised due to the fact that it is planned to switch to three different types of brigades:
- heavy;
- medium;
- lungs.
Moreover, tanks will be composed of heavy and medium brigades, and vehicles of a different class will replace them in the lungs.
But in any case, Russia does not intend to abandon the modernization and re-equipment of tank troops.
Work on the creation of a new tank, code-named "Armata", which should become the main tank of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, was opened in 2010, along with the announcement of the cessation of work on the "Object-195" (T-95 tank) from the Ministry of Defense.
The designers of OAO NPK Uralvagonzavod (UVZ) were given a specific task - by 2015, the tank should be on the production line.
The unified heavy Armata cipher platform (often called the Armada in the press) is a promising fourth-generation Russian caterpillar platform developed by Uralvagonzavod from 2009-2010. It is planned to create a main battle tank, an infantry fighting vehicle, a heavy armored personnel carrier, a tank support combat vehicle, an armored recovery and recovery vehicle, a chassis for self-propelled artillery and others on the basis of the Unified heavy Armata cipher platform. In fact, Armata is a unified interspecific heavy tracked platform for vehicles with a mass of 30 to 65 tons, an analogue of the GCV in the United States.
Serial production of new Russian tanks T-14 Armata or T-99 Priority will unfold in 2015 and until 2020
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation will receive 2.3 thousand of these machines.
The Russian Ministry of Defense actually refused to purchase T-90 tanks, and pending completion of work on the new combat vehicle of the Uralvagonzavod (the new Russian tank "Almaty"), the military department intends to support the combat readiness of the armored forces by deeply modernizing the "best tank of the second half of the 20th century" T- 72. The Russian tankers are invited to wait for another three years to enter the armament of the newest tank of the 21st century.
So far, the Russian Ministry of Defense has signed a contract with Uralvagonzavod for the modernization of 170 T-72 main battle tanks worth over six billion rubles.
The technical specifications for the new tank and the Armata family of vehicles are classified. However, an analysis of existing developments and fragmentary information from open sources allow us to outline a possible version of the future tank.
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Layout
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The purpose of the new Armata machine is to create a uniform chassis for all army tracked armored vehicles, a motor-transmission installation, chassis controls, a driver interface, a unified complex of on-board electrical equipment, and life support systems. This level of unification, at present, has no analogues in weapons systems abroad.
It is also known that a unified interspecific heavy platform has two layout options: a chassis with a front or rear engine-transmission compartment (PMTO or ZMTO).
The "Almaty" suspension is 7-roller, driven by paddle shock absorbers, a differential swing mechanism with hydrostatic transmission (GOP). 12-speed automatic gearbox with manual shift function. Controls: steering wheel, gear lever and gas pedal and brakes.
On the promising Armata tank there will definitely be an IMS chassis - this is an information management system - a digital board. With its help, start-up and control, diagnostics, adjustments, protection, etc. are carried out. That is, in the event of a breakdown, the electronics will report what is broken and tell you what needs to be done. Combat information management systems built on modern digital technologies and solid-state elemental base of domestic production.
Ammunition in a promising tank is in a special module. This approach to the "storage" of shells increases the "survivability" of the tank, preventing ammunition from detonation when an enemy shell hits the tank body.
Armata will fire both various types of shells (high-explosive fragmentation, armor-piercing-subcaliber, cumulative), and guided ground-to-ground missiles with optoelectronic, infrared and satellite guidance, as well as ground-to-air anti-aircraft missiles ". In fact, this is not a tank, but a universal ground attack machine, which includes a full-fledged tactical missile system, an anti-aircraft defense system, an army reconnaissance and target designation complex, and, in fact, a tank.
The promising Armata tank will be equipped with the same technology as the fifth generation T-50 fighter. According to the terms of reference of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Armata will receive Ka-band radars (26.5-40 GHz) based on an active phased antenna array (AFAR) made using low-temperature ceramic technology.
The case is stuffed with video cameras. They allow the crew to observe the circular environment around the tank. If required, zoom is turned on, and the distant subject can be seen in detail. There is the possibility of thermal imaging and infrared vision in all weather conditions day and night.
Active phased array antenna consists of many cells - microwave transmitters. Such an antenna is able to quickly change the direction of the location (it does not require mechanical movement of the locator “plate”) and has high reliability - failure of one element does not lead to a significant drop in power and beam distortion. Such a radar in armored vehicles will be indispensable in solving both defensive and offensive tasks. There are two options for its use - as part of a fire control system or as a complex of active protection. It includes an antenna that detects weapons that fly up to the tank. AFAR will determine the coordinates and parameters of such a threat, and the tank will destroy these targets.
The system is capable of simultaneously “leading” up to 40 dynamic and up to 25 aerodynamic targets - a completely unattainable indicator for all radars armed with other armies. The system will control the territory within a radius of 100 kilometers and will be able to automatically destroy targets up to 0.3 meters in this territory.
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Armor
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The new 44C-sv-Sh brand armored steel will be used on the new Russian Armata tank. Steel was created by specialists of the Research Institute of Steel.
Using this steel on the promising Armata platform will allow you to “remove” hundreds of kilograms of weight from the machine, where it will also be used not only for armor purposes, but also as a structural material.
The new steel was developed according to the technical specifications of the Ural Design Bureau of Transport Engineering, part of Uralvagonzavod NPK, which acted as the customer. Testing and industrial development fell on the shoulders of one of the flagships of Russian metallurgy - the Volgograd Metallurgical Plant "Red October", which is also part of the structure of Uralvagonzavod ..
Although the hardness of steel is at least 54HRC, its plastic characteristics remain at the level of serial steels having a hardness of 45-48HRC. It is this combination that makes it possible to reduce by 15% the thickness and, accordingly, the weight of armored structures made of new steel without compromising the protective characteristics and survivability at low temperatures.
44C-sv-Sh have now been assigned the letter "O", it is at the stage of pilot industrial development, at which both the developer, the customer, and the manufacturer solve dozens of technical technological and organizational issues.
The front projection has a multi-layer combined armor protection that can withstand the direct hit of any type of existing shells today - sub-caliber and cumulative.
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Power point
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The power plant is a single 1200-horsepower diesel engine A-85-3A (sometimes referred to as 2A12-3, 12CHN15 / 16 or 12N360) for front- and rear-mounted MTOs. Motor resource not less than 2000 hours. Weight up to 5 tons. MTU volume up to 4 m3. There is the possibility of modernization. In terms of overall mass-power characteristics, the novelty should exceed the best foreign examples of motor-transmission units. it should be noted that the rated engine power is 1500 hp, up to 1200 hp a restriction was introduced, which significantly increased the motor resource.
The engine was developed by the Chelyabinsk GSKB Transdiesel, and will be produced at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. The four-stroke diesel engine, X-shaped, 12-cylinder with gas turbine turbine supercharging and intermediate air cooling, liquid cooling, the 12N360 engine passed the whole series of tests, from resource to running ones, in 2011.
Technical characteristics of the A-85-3A (12N360) engine for the promising Russian Armata platform:
The engine type is four-stroke, X-shaped, 12-cylinder with gas turbine turbine supercharging and intermediate air cooling.
Blending System - Direct Fuel Injection
Engine power without resistance at the inlet and outlet, kW (hp) - 1103 (1500)
Rotational speed, s-1 (rpm) - 33.3 (2000)
Stock on a torque,% - 25
Specific fuel consumption, g / kW * h (g / hp * h) - 217.9 (160)
Weight, kg - 1550
Specific power, kW / kg (hp / kg) - 0.74 (1.0)
Overall power, kW / kg (hp / kg) - 1026 (1395)
Specific mass, kg / kW - 1.32
Length, mm - 813
Width, mm - 1300
Height, mm - 820
The 12N360 engine is a fully developed engine, by no means a bench engine, it was exactly the same on our promising tanks (object 195), which passed state tests not so long ago. In terms of the power plant, the GIs were completed successfully, the engine had no complaints - despite the fact that the tests were very stringent.
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A gun
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Based on reports of the refusal to bring the T-95 tank with a 152-mm gun to the series, it can be argued that it is planned to equip the new machine with a regular main 125-mm gun
Until recently, the main domestic cannon was the version of the well-known 2A46M tank gun. The most recent modification 2A46M-5 has a firing accuracy of 15-20% higher, the total dispersion during firing from the course decreased 1.7 times. Thanks to improvements, the gun acquired the ability to fire with new armor-piercing-submunition projectiles of increased power.
The best Western gun is currently considered a 120-mm smoothbore gun L 55 with a barrel length of 55 calibers of the Leopard-2A6 tank. Compared with the old 120-mm smoothbore gun L-44, the barrel length of the L-55 is increased by 130 cm.
The DM-53 and DM-63 shells used on this gun have very high armor penetration characteristics. And this despite the fact that, unlike American ammunition, the Germans do not use depleted uranium as the core material.
Of course, when creating the Russian main battle tank based on a heavy unified platform, much attention was paid to ensuring high firepower performance.
In the 2000s, a new 125mm 2A82 tank gun was created in Russia. By the fall of 2006, 787, 613 and 554 shots were fired from the prototype and two prototypes at Zavod No. 9, respectively.
A system with an auto-fastened and partially chromed barrel is capable of firing both existing and prospective ammunition. In terms of technical level, it surpasses all existing tank guns by 1.2-1.25 times.
The muzzle energy of the 2A82 gun is 1.17 times greater than the best NATO gun -120 mm system of the Leopard-2A6 tank, while the length of the pipe of our gun is 60 cm shorter.
The mounting of trunnion clips in the tower with a reverse wedge has been introduced. The rear support of the rolling parts is located in the casing of the cradle. The neck of the cradle is extended by 160 mm. In the neck of the cradle, the rigidity of which is increased, there are two additional backlash devices. Both guiding cradles are made as a prism.
These measures allowed to reduce the average technical dispersion for all types of shells by 15% against the table values.
They decided to upgrade the 2A82 gun for "Almaty" by extending the barrel by a meter - up to 7m. To automatically account for the bending of the bore on the muzzle of the barrel pipe, a reflector mount for the bending metering device (CID) is provided.
The digital signal processing adopted in the device provides the measurement of the necessary parameters of the barrel in a wide range of interference and operational influences. The data obtained are issued as corrections to the ballistic computer, which provides improved accuracy.
Under this gun, the contour of the turfage AZ was modified. However, it is not much different from the standard.
For the new 2A82 gun, new 900mm BPS Vacuum-1 ammunition was developed. For the 82nd gun, a new "Telnik" was developed with an explosion on the trajectory and URS 3UBK21 "Sprinter".
Further upgrades to both guns and ammunition are already outlined.
The Germans based on the Rh120L55 make an electrothermochemical gun (this is the type of throwing). We are also taking very fast steps along the same path. In the framework of research with the very speaking names of "Lefty" and "Lefty-M", the first experiments on ETX-throwing were carried out. They gave positive results. A decision has already been made to develop this area using the existing 2A82 type gun.
New ammunition for the 2A82 guns of the T-14 Armata tank successfully passed state tests in 2013 and were accepted for supply.
Serial production has begun, the first batch of which was adopted by representatives of the Ministry of Defense in 2013 and sent to arsenals for the formation of regulatory reserves.
By the time of putting into service the main tank of the Armata family, both standard ammunition reserves will be created and the current need for combat training will be provided.
The production of 2A82 guns is in full swing at Zavod No. 9 in Yekaterinburg.
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Machine gun.
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A twin 7.62 mm PKTM machine gun (6P7K) is located on the outside of the turret on a separate pastel connected by a parallelogram drive with a cannon. Ammunition ready for battle - 1000 rounds. Another 1000 rounds of ammunition in the tapes are stored in the spare parts box at the rear of the turret.
An additional installation with a 12.7-mm Kord machine gun (6P49) is mounted synchronously with the commander’s panorama and monitors the vertical stabilization of its mirror, as well as the horizontal rotation. Pumping angles - from -10º to +70 degrees. Ammunition ready for battle - 300 rounds in tape. Another 300 rounds of ammunition in the tapes are in the spare parts box at the rear of the turret.
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Active Defense Complex - KAZ.
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Armored vehicles on the basis of this platform will be equipped with an active protection system "Afganit" - special charges allow you to deal with enemy shells and missiles at close range, no more than 15–20 m. In fact, this is an individual missile and anti-projectile defense of the tank. It protects the car from blows, including from the air.
Active protection covered the front hemisphere. Active defense is located around the perimeter of the tower at various levels, which provides tight protection for the most important elements of the tank.
KAZ "Afganit" was developed in the Kolomna KBM. From open sources of information, only the millimeter range of its radar is known, the near intercept line and the maximum intercept speed of armor-piercing sub-caliber shells - 1700 m / s. Nevertheless, it can be assumed that, unlike domestic and foreign predecessors, it is for the first time planned to use protective ammunition with a warhead like a shock core in Afganit described in Russian patent RU 2263268. The launcher consists of a carriage rotating in vertical and horizontal the plane. Additional guidance of the strike nucleus on the target is carried out using the programmed initiation of one of the fuses located in the form of a matrix on the back of the explosive block of the warhead.
On the one hand, this innovative solution is the most effective for the destruction of small-sized high-speed armor-piercing subcaliber shells. On the other hand, the use of a compact impact core instead of a spatial stream of fragments requires the radar and the KAZ fire control system to implement a higher level of accuracy in determining the coordinates, speed and direction of flight of targets.
Promising active defense systems face an even more difficult task - intercepting high-speed kinetic missiles and shock nuclei with an approach speed of 2500 to 3000 m / s. If we proceed from the best reaction time achieved at KAZ Zaslon and equal to 0.001 seconds, then the minimum permissible interception boundary can be estimated at 4 meters (with a margin). This means that all potentially dangerous shells / rockets / rocket-propelled grenades flying over the roof of a tower of a combat vehicle below a specified height must necessarily be intercepted even when approaching the vehicle.
A radar (using a phased array of millimeter-wave antennas) and an electronic unit (equipped with a high-performance multi-core processor) of a promising active defense system should be able to detect and track many potentially dangerous targets, including tandem ammunition that are divided into parts in the immediate vicinity of the intercept line, as well as throwing false goals after overcoming this milestone. To repulse a volley attack or a line of shells fired from an automatic gun, it is necessary to ensure: in the first case, the ability to simultaneously launch several protective munitions and in the second case, their launch in accordance with the rate of artillery fire.
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Dynamic protection
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On the sides of the tower, three blocks of dynamic protection are installed on each side. The design of the blocks is similar to the blocks of dynamic protection developed by the Scientific Research Institute of Steel. Blocks are containers with installed elements of dynamic protection, separated by layers of filler. Blocks are installed constantly, but are equipped with dynamic protection elements only when using tanks for their intended purpose, that is, on the eve of military operations.
On the fenders, to protect the sides of the hull, seven dynamic protection blocks of a similar construction of blocks mounted on the tower are installed. Blocks are installed in places not covered by three full-time on-board dynamic protection screens on each side.
To strengthen the front zone of the case, covered by regular dynamic protection screens, an additional dynamic protection unit is attached to each screen, having smaller dimensions in thickness (travel). Blocks designed for installation on the sides of the hull are removable, and are equipped only in anticipation of hostilities.
The aft area of \u200b\u200bthe tank is protected by trellis screens that are installed at the stern of the turret and hull.
Dynamic protection units placed on the hull, as well as trellis screens, are installed on the tank only on the eve of military operations in specific conditions (for example, battles in urban conditions). The weight of the protective devices additionally hung on the tank will be about 1 ton, but bearing in mind the conditions in which tanks with additional protection will be used, we can say that this will not fundamentally affect the mobility characteristics.
Target recognition range of the type "tank" at night through the TP channel, m not less than 3500. The main gun mm. - 125 (2A82)
Gun ammunition in pcs. - 45
Automatic loader pcs. - 32
Combat rate of fire in min. - 10-12
Target detection range m. - over 5000
Range of destruction of the target m. - 7000-8000
Fire on the move - yes
Panoramic sight of the commander - is
Pan cameras - yes
Aiming and fire control system - yes
The system of combat control and navigation - is
Thermal imager - is
Mine Defense - Active
Active Defense - Afghanistan
Dynamic protection - yes
Engine hp - 1200-2000
Replacement engine hour. - 0.5
Additional power plant - is
Maximum mass t. - 48
Maximum speed km / h - 80-90
Cruising range km. - over 500
Length mm -
Width mm -
Height mm -
Crew - 3
Number of track rollers - 7
Resistance armor mm. - over 900
The Ministry of Russian Defense plans to transfer all of its units to the new weapons system. It was decided to do this before 2020. The official representative of the Ministry of Defense reports that the tank ratio of all new weapons will be about 70 percent. To date, two models of tanks are being developed. This is the T 95, which was previously developed and the T-99, which took into account the mistakes of past models and decide to bring it to perfection. The Ministry of Russian Defense cannot yet say which one will be adopted.
On the new model of the T-99 tank, a tower will be located that will not need a person guiding it. It is also planned to install special armor with electromagnetic protection characteristics on the tank. The gunner must be equipped with all the latest means for firing and basic reconnaissance of the enemy. It is planned that the tank will weigh about 35 tons, up to 50. The new combat vehicle will have a special radar, as well as unique electronic tracking systems.
The tank is excellently armored and made so that it is the lowest tank, which excellently helps to confuse the enemy during the fighting, and thanks to the powerful gun that is installed on the T-99 tank, the enemy will not be able to escape. Thanks to the mounted thermal imagers on optics, the combat crew will receive all the necessary information and the location of the enemy. This is due to the laser range finder and the radar station.
It is planned to equip a modern combat vehicle with the latest recognition system of both your tank and the enemy. The main difference of this particular model of the tank from all the others is that it has a unique tower that allows you to mount a gun on it of absolutely any diameter and caliber. The ammunition is far from the location of the combat crew. It is placed directly behind the tower itself. Like a magazine store, a combat kit is attached to the gun itself. Thanks to this unique weapon reload system, it became possible to drop an empty magazine immediately after a combat attack.
The crew of three people is in a special whole capsule, which is fully armored. It is completely separated by powerful armor from the turret and an automatic reload mechanism. Due to the fact that the tower no longer needs a man, it was decided to make it as low as possible. This perfectly reduces the tank and makes it more inconspicuous for the enemy on the battlefield. The manufacturers designed the T-99 tank in such a way that when the outfit hits directly the ammunition itself and provokes its detonation, the entire blast wave will come out through special panels, which will fly off at that moment. This allows you to save the life of the crew. Due to the fact that many special calculations were carried out on computer technology, the armor of the combat vehicle was positioned in such a way that it absorbs almost all the force and power of the impact. If the enemy manages to bring any tank out of order, he will be able to carry out his military service on the battlefield for a long time.
Work on the creation of a new tank, code-named "Armata", which should become the main tank of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, was opened in 2010, along with the announcement of the cessation of work on the "Object-195" (T-95 tank) from the Ministry of Defense.
The designers of OAO NPK Uralvagonzavod (UVZ) were given a specific task - by 2015, the tank should be on the production line.
One of the possible images of a new generation tank on a single combat platform "Armata".
The unified heavy Armata cipher platform (often called the Armada in the press) is a promising fourth-generation Russian caterpillar platform developed by Uralvagonzavod from 2009-2010. It is planned to create a main battle tank, an infantry fighting vehicle, a heavy armored personnel carrier, a tank support combat vehicle, an armored recovery and recovery vehicle, a chassis for self-propelled artillery and others on the basis of the Unified heavy Armata cipher platform. In fact, Armata is a unified interspecific heavy tracked platform for vehicles with a mass of 30 to 65 tons, an analogue of the GCV in the United States.
Serial production of new Russian tanks T-14 Armata or T-99 Priority will unfold in 2015 and until 2020
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation will receive 2.3 thousand of these machines.
One of the possible layout of the tank project "Armata".
The Russian Ministry of Defense actually refused to purchase T-90 tanks, and pending completion of work on the new combat vehicle of the Uralvagonzavod (the new Russian tank "Almaty"), the military department intends to support the combat readiness of the armored forces by deeply modernizing the "best tank of the second half of the 20th century" T- 72. The Russian tankers are invited to wait for another three years to enter the armament of the newest tank of the 21st century.
So far, the Russian Ministry of Defense has signed a contract with Uralvagonzavod for the modernization of 170 T-72 main battle tanks worth over six billion rubles.
The technical specifications for the new tank and the Armata family of vehicles are classified. However, an analysis of existing developments and fragmentary information from open sources allow us to outline a possible version of the future tank.
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Layout
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Figure Russian tank "Armata" created on the basis of images of a promising modification of the T-90
The purpose of the new Armata machine is to create a uniform chassis for all army tracked armored vehicles, a motor-transmission installation, chassis controls, a driver interface, a unified complex of on-board electrical equipment, and life support systems. This level of unification, at present, has no analogues in weapons systems abroad.
It is also known that a unified interspecific heavy platform has two layout options: a chassis with a front or rear engine-transmission compartment (PMTO or ZMTO).
The "Almaty" suspension is 7-roller, driven by paddle shock absorbers, a differential swing mechanism with hydrostatic transmission (GOP). 12-speed automatic gearbox with manual shift function. Controls: steering wheel, gear lever and gas pedal and brakes.
On the promising Armata tank there will definitely be an IMS chassis - this is an information management system - a digital board. With its help, start-up and control, diagnostics, adjustments, protection, etc. are carried out. That is, in the event of a breakdown, the electronics will report what is broken and tell you what needs to be done. Combat information management systems built on modern digital technologies and solid-state elemental base of domestic production.
Ammunition in a promising tank is in a special module. This approach to the "storage" of shells increases the "survivability" of the tank, preventing ammunition from detonation when an enemy shell hits the tank body.
Armata will fire both various types of shells (high-explosive fragmentation, armor-piercing-subcaliber, cumulative), and guided ground-to-ground missiles with optoelectronic, infrared and satellite guidance, as well as ground-to-air anti-aircraft missiles ". In fact, this is not a tank, but a universal ground attack machine, which includes a full-fledged tactical missile system, an anti-aircraft defense system, an army reconnaissance and target designation complex, and, in fact, a tank.
The promising Armata tank will be equipped with the same technology as the fifth generation T-50 fighter. According to the terms of reference of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Armata will receive Ka-band radars (26.5-40 GHz) based on an active phased antenna array (AFAR) made using low-temperature ceramic technology.
The case is stuffed with video cameras. They allow the crew to observe the circular environment around the tank. If required, zoom is turned on, and the distant subject can be seen in detail. There is the possibility of thermal imaging and infrared vision in all weather conditions day and night.
Active phased array antenna consists of many cells - microwave transmitters. Such an antenna is able to quickly change the direction of the location (it does not require mechanical movement of the locator “plate”) and has high reliability - failure of one element does not lead to a significant drop in power and beam distortion. Such a radar in armored vehicles will be indispensable in solving both defensive and offensive tasks. There are two options for its use - as part of a fire control system or as a complex of active protection. It includes an antenna that detects weapons that fly up to the tank. AFAR will determine the coordinates and parameters of such a threat, and the tank will destroy these targets.
The system is capable of simultaneously “leading” up to 40 dynamic and up to 25 aerodynamic targets - a completely unattainable indicator for all radars armed with other armies. The system will control the territory within a radius of 100 kilometers and will be able to automatically destroy targets up to 0.3 meters in this territory.
Armor
The new 44C-sv-Sh brand armored steel will be used on the new Russian Armata tank. Steel was created by specialists of the Research Institute of Steel.
Using this steel on the promising Armata platform will allow you to “remove” hundreds of kilograms of weight from the machine, where it will also be used not only for armor purposes, but also as a structural material.
The new steel was developed according to the technical specifications of the Ural Design Bureau of Transport Engineering, part of Uralvagonzavod NPK, which acted as the customer. Testing and industrial development fell on the shoulders of one of the flagships of Russian metallurgy - the Volgograd Metallurgical Plant "Red October", which is also part of the structure of Uralvagonzavod ..
Although the hardness of steel is at least 54HRC, its plastic characteristics remain at the level of serial steels having a hardness of 45-48HRC. It is this combination that makes it possible to reduce by 15% the thickness and, accordingly, the weight of armored structures made of new steel without compromising the protective characteristics and survivability at low temperatures.
44C-sv-Sh have now been assigned the letter "O", it is at the stage of pilot industrial development, at which both the developer, the customer, and the manufacturer solve dozens of technical technological and organizational issues.
The front projection has a multi-layer combined armor protection that can withstand the direct hit of any type of existing shells today - sub-caliber and cumulative.
Power point
The power plant is a single 1200-horsepower diesel engine A-85-3A (sometimes referred to as 2A12-3, 12CHN15 / 16 or 12N360) for front- and rear-mounted MTOs. Motor resource not less than 2000 hours. Weight up to 5 tons. MTU volume up to 4 m3. There is the possibility of modernization. In terms of overall mass-power characteristics, the novelty should exceed the best foreign examples of motor-transmission units. it should be noted that the rated engine power is 1500 hp, up to 1200 hp a restriction was introduced, which significantly increased the motor resource.
The engine was developed by the Chelyabinsk GSKB Transdiesel, and will be produced at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. The four-stroke diesel engine, X-shaped, 12-cylinder with gas turbine turbocharging and intermediate cooling of the air, liquid cooling, the 12N360 engine passed the whole series of tests, from resource to running ones in 2011.
Four-stroke diesel, X - shaped, 12-cylinder engine 12N360
Technical characteristics of the A-85-3A (12N360) engine for the promising Russian Armata platform:
The engine type is four-stroke, X-shaped, 12-cylinder with gas turbine turbine supercharging and intermediate air cooling.
Blending System - Direct Fuel Injection
Engine power without resistance at the inlet and outlet, kW (hp) - 1103 (1500)
Rotational speed, s-1 (rpm) - 33.3 (2000)
Stock on a torque,% - 25
Specific fuel consumption, g / kW * h (g / hp * h) - 217.9 (160)
Weight, kg - 1550
Specific power, kW / kg (hp / kg) - 0.74 (1.0)
Overall power, kW / kg (hp / kg) - 1026 (1395)
Specific mass, kg / kW - 1.32
Length, mm - 813
Width, mm - 1300
Height, mm - 820
The 12N360 engine is a fully developed engine, by no means a bench engine, it was exactly the same on our promising tanks (object 195), which passed state tests not so long ago. In terms of the power plant, the GIs were completed successfully, the engine had no complaints - despite the fact that the tests were very stringent.
A gun
Based on reports of the refusal to bring the T-95 tank with a 152-mm gun to the series, it can be argued that it is planned to equip the new machine with a regular main 125-mm gun
Until recently, the main domestic cannon was the version of the well-known 2A46M tank gun. The most recent modification 2A46M-5 has a firing accuracy of 15-20% higher, the total dispersion during firing from the course decreased 1.7 times. Thanks to improvements, the gun acquired the ability to fire with new armor-piercing-submunition projectiles of increased power.
The best Western gun is currently considered a 120-mm smoothbore gun L 55 with a barrel length of 55 calibers of the Leopard-2A6 tank. Compared with the old 120-mm smoothbore gun L-44, the barrel length of the L-55 is increased by 130 cm.
The DM-53 and DM-63 shells used on this gun have very high armor penetration characteristics. And this despite the fact that, unlike American ammunition, the Germans do not use depleted uranium as the core material.
Of course, when creating the Russian main battle tank based on a heavy unified platform, much attention was paid to ensuring high firepower performance.
In the 2000s, a new 125mm 2A82 tank gun was created in Russia. By the fall of 2006, 787, 613 and 554 shots were fired from the prototype and two prototypes at Zavod No. 9, respectively.
A system with an auto-fastened and partially chromed barrel is capable of firing both existing and prospective ammunition. In terms of technical level, it surpasses all existing tank guns by 1.2-1.25 times.
The muzzle energy of the 2A82 gun is 1.17 times greater than the best NATO gun -120 mm system of the Leopard-2A6 tank, while the length of the pipe of our gun is 60 cm shorter.
The mounting of trunnion clips in the tower with a reverse wedge has been introduced. The rear support of the rolling parts is located in the casing of the cradle. The neck of the cradle is extended by 160 mm. In the neck of the cradle, the rigidity of which is increased, there are two additional backlash devices. Both guiding cradles are made as a prism.
These measures allowed to reduce the average technical dispersion for all types of shells by 15% against the table values.
They decided to upgrade the 2A82 gun for "Almaty" by extending the barrel by a meter - up to 7m. To automatically account for the bending of the bore on the muzzle of the barrel pipe, a reflector mount for the bending metering device (CID) is provided.
The digital signal processing adopted in the device provides the measurement of the necessary parameters of the barrel in a wide range of interference and operational influences. The data obtained are issued as corrections to the ballistic computer, which provides improved accuracy.
Under this gun, the contour of the turfage AZ was modified. However, it is not much different from the standard.
For the new 2A82 gun, new 900mm BPS Vacuum-1 ammunition was developed. For the 82nd gun, a new "Telnik" was developed with an explosion on the trajectory and URS 3UBK21 "Sprinter".
Further upgrades to both guns and ammunition are already outlined.
The Germans based on the Rh120L55 make an electrothermochemical gun (this is the type of throwing). We are also taking very fast steps along the same path. In the framework of research with the very speaking names of "Lefty" and "Lefty-M", the first experiments on ETX-throwing were carried out. They gave positive results. A decision has already been made to develop this area using the existing 2A82 type gun.
New ammunition for the 2A82 guns of the T-14 Armata tank successfully passed state tests in 2013 and were accepted for supply.
Serial production has begun, the first batch of which was adopted by representatives of the Ministry of Defense in 2013 and sent to arsenals for the formation of regulatory reserves.
By the time of putting into service the main tank of the Armata family, both standard ammunition reserves will be created and the current need for combat training will be provided.
The production of 2A82 guns is in full swing at Zavod No. 9 in Yekaterinburg.
Machine gun.
A twin 7.62 mm PKTM machine gun (6P7K) is located on the outside of the turret on a separate pastel connected by a parallelogram drive with a cannon. Ammunition ready for battle - 1000 rounds. Another 1000 rounds of ammunition in the tapes are stored in the spare parts box at the rear of the turret.
An additional installation with a 12.7-mm Kord machine gun (6P49) is mounted synchronously with the commander’s panorama and monitors the vertical stabilization of its mirror, as well as the horizontal rotation. Pumping angles - from -10º to +70 degrees. Ammunition ready for battle - 300 rounds in tape. Another 300 rounds of ammunition in the tapes are in the spare parts box at the rear of the turret.
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Active Defense Complex - KAZ.
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Armored vehicles on the basis of this platform will be equipped with an active protection system "Afganit" - special charges allow you to fight with shells and missiles of the enemy at a short distance, not more than 15-20 m. In fact, this is an individual missile and anti-projectile defense of the tank. It protects the car from blows, including from the air.
Active protection covered the front hemisphere. Active defense is located around the perimeter of the tower at various levels, which provides tight protection for the most important elements of the tank.
KAZ "Afganit" was developed in the Kolomna KBM. From open sources of information, only the millimeter-wave range of its radar is known, the near intercept line and the maximum intercept speed of armor-piercing sub-caliber shells - 1700 m / s. Nevertheless, it can be assumed that, unlike domestic and foreign predecessors, it is for the first time planned to use protective ammunition with a warhead like a shock core in Afganit described in Russian patent RU 2263268. The launcher consists of a carriage rotating in vertical and horizontal the plane. Additional guidance of the strike nucleus on the target is carried out using the programmed initiation of one of the fuses located in the form of a matrix on the back of the explosive block of the warhead.
KAZ Afshanit launcher
On the one hand, this innovative solution is the most effective for the destruction of small-sized high-speed armor-piercing subcaliber shells. On the other hand, the use of a compact impact core instead of a spatial stream of fragments requires the radar and the KAZ fire control system to implement a higher level of accuracy in determining the coordinates, speed and direction of flight of targets.
Promising active defense systems face an even more difficult task - intercepting high-speed kinetic missiles and shock nuclei with an approach speed of 2500 to 3000 m / s. If we proceed from the best reaction time achieved at KAZ Zaslon and equal to 0.001 seconds, then the minimum permissible interception boundary can be estimated at 4 meters (with a margin). This means that all potentially dangerous shells / rockets / rocket-propelled grenades flying over the roof of a tower of a combat vehicle below a specified height must necessarily be intercepted even when approaching the vehicle.
Dynamic protection
On the sides of the tower, three blocks of dynamic protection are installed on each side. The design of the blocks is similar to the blocks of dynamic protection developed by the Scientific Research Institute of Steel. Blocks are containers with installed elements of dynamic protection, separated by layers of filler. Blocks are installed constantly, but are equipped with dynamic protection elements only when using tanks for their intended purpose, that is, on the eve of military operations.
On the fenders, to protect the sides of the hull, seven dynamic protection units of a similar design of blocks mounted on the tower are installed. BLOCKS are installed in places that are not blocked by three standard on-board dynamic protection screens on each side.
To strengthen the front zone of the case, covered by regular screens with dynamic protection, an additional block of dynamic protection is attached to each screen, having smaller dimensions in thickness (travel). Blocks designed for installation on the sides of the hull are removable, and are equipped only in anticipation of hostilities.
The aft area of \u200b\u200bthe tank is protected by trellis screens that are installed at the stern of the turret and hull.
Dynamic protection units placed on the hull, as well as trellis screens, are installed on the tank only on the eve of military operations in specific conditions (for example, battles in urban conditions). The weight of the protective devices additionally hung on the tank will be about 1 ton, but bearing in mind the conditions in which tanks with additional protection will be used, we can say that this will not fundamentally affect the mobility characteristics.
Fire control system.
Sighting complex:
The main gunner’s sight is multi-channel with a sighting and thermal imaging channels, a laser range finder, and an integrated laser control channel.
The increase in the target channel, the multiplicity is 4; 12.
Target recognition range of the type "tank" through the sighting channel, m - up to 5000.
Target recognition range of the type "tank" through the TP channel, m not less than 3500.
The maximum range measured by a range finder, m - 7500.
The commander’s combined panoramic sight with television and thermal imaging channels, a laser range finder.
Target recognition range of the type "tank" via the TV channel, m up to 5000.
Target recognition range of the “tank” type at night through the TP channel, m not less than 3500.
The doubler sight with a dependent aiming line.
Target recognition range of the type "tank", m:
no less than 2000 in the afternoon
at dusk no less than 1000.
Ballistic computer with a set of weather and weather sensors and an electronic digital bending sensor
The ability to automatically track targets is provided independently from the gunner’s position and from the commander’s position with the implementation of the "hunter-shooter" mode.
Arms stabilizer advanced two-plane with electromechanical drive GN and electro-hydraulic HV.
TTX promising tank of Russia "Armata"
Armored crew capsule - yes
The main gun mm. - 125 (2A82)
Gun ammunition in pcs. - 45
Automatic loader pcs. - 32
Combat rate of fire in min. - 10-12
Target detection range m. - over 5000
Range of destruction of the target m. - 7000-8000
Fire on the move - yes
Panoramic sight of the commander - is
Pan cameras - yes
Aiming and fire control system - yes
The system of combat control and navigation - is
Thermal imager - is
Mine Defense - Active
Active Defense - Afghanistan
Dynamic protection - yes
Engine hp - 1200-2000
Replacement engine hour. - 0.5
Additional power plant - is
Maximum mass t. - 48
Maximum speed km / h - 80-90
Cruising range km. - over 500
Length mm -
Width mm -
Height mm -
Crew - 3
Number of track rollers - 7
Resistance armor mm. - over 900
