home » State » Promising developments. Russian Aviation Unmanned aerial vehicle Tu 300

Promising developments. Russian Aviation Unmanned aerial vehicle Tu 300

The book is primarily for reference and familiarization and is based on the results of reviews and analysis of numerous literary and online sources. It acquaints the reader with the current terminology and classification in the field of unmanned aircraft, with current trends in the production of unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as with the market conditions for unmanned aerial systems.

3.1. The history of the development of unmanned aircraft in the army of the USSR and Russia (based on materials)

Sections of this page:

3.1. The history of the development of unmanned aircraft in the army and Russia (based on materials)

The USSR in the 70s - 80s was one of the leaders in the production of UAVs. Only Tu-143 devices were released about 950 copies. And in 1988, in an unmanned mode, the Buran spacecraft performed a space flight.

LA-17R

La-17R reconnaissance UAV began to be developed in 1959. Developer - OKB Lavochkina. Its basis was the previously developed radio-controlled unmanned target aircraft LA-17. Launches of these targets were carried out with a bomber. In fact, they were disposable, because the engine resource RD-900 was 40 minutes

The development and testing of the La-17R reconnaissance UAV (Fig. 3.1) was completed in 1963. They showed that the machine, flying at an altitude of up to 900 m, is able to carry out photo reconnaissance of objects located 50-60 km from the starting position, and from a height 7000 m - objects at a distance of up to 200 km. The flight speed was 680 - 885 km / h.

Geometric Features:

- wingspan 7.5 m;

- length 8.98 m;

- height 2.98 m.

The weight of the empty apparatus was 3100 kg.

In 1963, serial plant number 475 manufactured 20 Jla-17P scouts. The machine was in service until the early 1970s, cases of its use in a combat situation are not known.

UAV La-17R was created according to the normal aerodynamic scheme and is an all-metal midplane with a rectangular wing and plumage. The fuselage of the aircraft consisted of three compartments. In the bow there was an electric generator driven by a small two-bladed fan, rotated by the incoming air flow, and reconnaissance equipment. The central compartment was a fuel tank, in the ends of which spherical air cylinders were built. In the rear compartment, there were electrical and radio equipment units and an AP-118 autopilot (later AP-122), which regulates the air supply from the cylinders to the pneumatic drives of the rudders and ailerons. The engine was located in the engine nacelle under the central compartment of the fuselage. The UAV was equipped with an RD-9BKR marching engine. In addition, two powder accelerators were mounted under the wing near the sides of the fuselage, which, after starting, were automatically reset (Fig. 3.2).

For preflight preparation and launch of the Jla-17P, the SUTR-1 launcher was used, which was created on the basis of the S-60 anti-aircraft gun carriage (Fig. 3.3). The installation could be towed by a KrAZ-255 type tractor. The launch was carried out using two solid propellant starting boosters PRD-98.

At the final stage of the flight, the mid-flight engine was turned off, and the machine made a landing using a parachute to a selected area of \u200b\u200bterrain.

Hawk - a supersonic long-range unmanned reconnaissance aircraft

In the late 1950s, in connection with the growing threat of a nuclear attack from the United States, the Soviet leadership decided to create a system of long-range unmanned photo and radio reconnaissance under the code "Hawk" (Decision of the Council of Ministers P900-376 of 08.16.1960).

The Tupolev Design Bureau was identified as responsible for this task. The design bureau was tasked with designing a long-range unmanned reconnaissance aircraft based on the created Tu-121 pilot drone. The UAV was supposed to be equipped with photo and radio reconnaissance equipment, drive systems at a given point and rescue received intelligence materials. In addition, the Design Bureau was instructed to work out the possibility of reusable use of the entire unmanned aircraft. The new unmanned reconnaissance aircraft received the designation I123K (Tu-123) or DBR-1 (long-range unmanned reconnaissance aircraft) in the design bureau.

Tu-123 is an all-metal monoplane of a normal aerodynamic design with a triangular wing (Fig. 3.4). Wing "Hawk" did not have mechanization and any steering surfaces, its internal volumes were not used. Bottom-back on the wing consoles were mounted antennas for radio control equipment. The tail unit consisted of three all-turning steering surfaces, oriented at an angle of 120 ° to each other and mounted on special flows, which housed water-cooled electric steering machines. The fuselage consisted of six sections. In the bow was located reconnaissance equipment weighing 2800 kg. The bow was performed rescued (by parachute). She connected to the tail with four pneumatic locks.

Before starting the UAV, a pre-calculated flight program was introduced into the autopilot. After the start, the scout flew in automatic mode. At the final stage of the flight, the aircraft was controlled, as a rule, in manual mode. This made it possible to more accurately bring the device to the landing area. Above the selected location, radio commands were sent to turn off the marching engine and release the brake parachute.

Pre-flight preparation and launch of DBR-1 was carried out at the SURD-1 launcher, which could be towed by the MA3-537 tractor (Fig. 3.5). Before starting, the plane rose to its starting position at an angle of 12 degrees to the horizon. The main engine was switched on and displayed at maximum, and then at afterburner operation. At the same time, the aircraft was held in place by the only special bolt. Next, the commander of the launch crew made a launch. Both powder accelerators were triggered simultaneously, and the apparatus, cutting off the special bolt, left the installation. A few seconds after the start, the spent accelerators were shot back.

When landing after the release of the brake parachute, the bow was separated from the aircraft, its landing supports and the main parachute were released, which ensured the safe landing of this compartment. The tail section of the aircraft was lowered to the ground with a brake parachute at a high vertical speed, and when it hit the ground it was deformed so that it could not be reused.

State tests of the Tu-123 were completed in December 1963. In 1964, the system DBR-1 "Hawk" was adopted by the Air Force of the Soviet Army. Serial production of the Tu-123 UAV and other elements of the system continued in Voronezh until 1972, a total of 52 copies of the unmanned reconnaissance aircraft were built. Flights "Hawk" in order to test and maintain the practical skills of pilots and specialists were carried out, as a rule, only at large Soviet training grounds (Transbaikalia, Far East, Central Asia). The route was laid over sparsely populated areas of the USSR. The system was in service with the Air Force reconnaissance units until 1979.

The main characteristics of the Tu-123:

- wing span: 8.41 m;

- length: 27.84 m;

- height: 4,78 m;

- maximum take-off weight: 35610 kg;

- cruising speed: 2700 km / h;

- ceiling: 22800 m;

- maximum radius of action: 1400 km;

- engine type: KR-15, turbojet with afterburner;

- engine thrust 10000 kgf.

Using the experience of Tu-123, at the end of the 60s the Tupolev Design Bureau developed and put to testing its fully salvaged version of the Tu-139 Hawk-2 (DBR-2).

In the future, the work of the Tupolev Design Bureau on unmanned topics developed in line with the creation of tactical and operational subsonic fully salvage reconnaissance reusable aircraft. In the 70s, the tactical reconnaissance Tu-141 Swift (VR-2) and the tactical reconnaissance complex Tu-143 Reis (VR-3) were tested, launched into series, and transferred to the troops.

Tu-141 "Swift"

The development of the tactical complex Tu-141 (VR-2 "Strizh") (Fig. 3.6) and the tactical complex Tu-143 (VR-3, "Flight") in the Tupolev Design Bureau began almost simultaneously. Many technical solutions for both systems were very close, the differences mainly related to the range of the systems. The unmanned operational-tactical reconnaissance complex VR-2 "Strizh" was intended for reconnaissance operations to a depth of several hundred kilometers from the front line, and the tactical VR-3 "Reis" complex - several tens.

In the process of development, it was decided to abandon the supersonic regime and limit itself to a speed of 1000 km / h on the entire route of the reconnaissance flight. In the final version of the ideological construction, the Strizh complex and its elements basically repeated their smaller counterparts, the Flight complex, and differed from it in the expanded composition of their airborne and reconnaissance equipment, the size of the reconnaissance aircraft, and the new ground-based complex of service and combat support facilities.

The first prototype of the aircraft "141" flew in December 1974. The serial construction of the 141 aircraft was launched in 1979 at the Kharkov Aviation Plant (formerly No. 135); in total, until the end of the series in 1989, the plant produced 152 copies of the 141 aircraft. The release of this product was also organized at the aircraft factory in Kumertau (Bashkiria). After completion of factory and state tests, the Swift complex was adopted by the Soviet Army. Basically, the complexes arrived in units deployed on the western borders of the USSR, and after the collapse of the latter, most of them were in the ownership of the new independent states, in particular the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

The aircraft "141" was an all-metal low-wing, made according to the "tailless" scheme with front horizontal tail. The aircraft was controlled using two-section elevons on the delta wing and rudder. The fuselage is round in shape with a diameter of 950 mm in the cylindrical part, turning in the oval area around the engine. The engine was arranged at an angle of 4.5 ° to the axis of the aircraft. The chassis was carried out with a three-support, heel type, which was produced at the landing.

Tu-141 in the composition of reconnaissance equipment (aerial cameras, infrared reconnaissance system) was able to carry out appropriate types of reconnaissance at any time of the day. The composition of the navigation and flight complex ensured the normal operation of the scout and his equipment at great distances from the launch site. For the complex, options were considered for equipping the Tu-141 UAV with laser and radiation reconnaissance equipment.

Ground maintenance and launch of the reconnaissance aircraft was carried out using special ground-based mobile means, which ensured the effective use of unmanned reconnaissance aircraft, and the rapid transfer of the main elements of the complex under its own power over long distances while maintaining the required level of combat readiness (Fig. 3.7).

During transportation, part of the wing consoles deviated to a vertical position, which reduced the dimensions of the aircraft. The start of the reconnaissance aircraft was carried out using a powerful solid-propellant launch accelerator mounted under the tail of the fuselage. After completing the mission, the reconnaissance plane was landing using the parachute system (brake and landing parachutes) (Fig. 3.8).

The main characteristics of the Tu-141:

- wing span: 3.875 m;

- length: 14.33 m;

- height: 2,435 m;

- maximum take-off weight: 5370 kg;

- maximum speed: 1110 km / h;

- maximum radius of action: 400 km;

- maximum operational flight altitude: 6000 m;

- engine type: turbojet KR-17A with a thrust of 2000 kgf.

Tu-143 Flight

On August 30, 1968, Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 670-241 was issued on the development of a new unmanned tactical reconnaissance complex Reis (VR-3) and the unmanned reconnaissance aircraft 143 (Tu-143) included in it. In the terms of reference for the new generation systems, in addition to autonomy, mobility and other tactical and technical requirements, a number of points were added, the implementation of which forced developers to seriously review the design, production and testing of unmanned systems and its constituent elements. In particular, the aircraft had to be reusable, to fly at both low and high altitudes in the range of 50-5000 m, as well as over mountainous areas. High requirements were imposed on the flight-navigation complex, which was supposed to provide a sufficiently accurate exit of the reconnaissance aircraft to the reconnaissance area and to the landing site of 500x500 m in size, where they landed after completing the mission. The short time allotted for the preparation and launch of the reconnaissance aircraft required the development of a new complex of on-board equipment based on a modern element base, as well as the creation of an engine with a high degree of reliability.

The tactical reconnaissance complex "Flight" was developed and tested as soon as possible. In December 1970, the first successful flight of the Tu-143 UAV took place. The tests ended in 1976, after which the complex "Flight" was adopted by the Soviet Army. Serial production of the complex began during state tests. In 1973, at the aircraft plant in Kumertau (Bashkiria), a pilot batch of 10 pieces of Tu-143 UAVs was put into serial production, and soon the full-scale production of the complex began. In total, before the end of the series in 1989, 950 reconnaissance UAVs Tu-143 were released.

The design of the Tu-143 UAV was largely similar to that of the Tu-141. The fuselage was divided into four compartments: F-1, F-2, F-3 and F-4. The nose compartment F-1, which was a removable structure, was completely replaceable (a container with camera equipment or a container with television equipment), and also provided for the replacement of individual units. The compartment was made of fiberglass and had a sunroof for the lenses of the corresponding equipment. Compartment F-2 was used to accommodate on-board control equipment and power supply systems. Compartment F-3 served to accommodate a fuel tank, inside of which there was an air duct channel from the air intake to the engine, a fuel pump, a fuel accumulator, an anti-overload device, and a hydraulic pump. Inside the compartment, a marching engine of the TRZ-117 type with a gearbox was installed. The fuselage compartment of the F-4 was an engine nacelle in the upper part turning into a parachute container and vertical tail. There was a landing parachute in the parachute container, and a brake parachute in its dumped coca. Under the fuselage was the launch solid propellant accelerator type SPRD-251. The landing device consisted of a three-axle heel-type chassis manufactured during landing. The front support was retracted into the compartment F-2, the two main supports - inside the wing consoles. The translational horizontal speed was extinguished with the help of a brake parachute, the vertical landing speed - with the help of a landing parachute and a brake solid fuel engine, which was triggered by touching the wing probes of the brake system.

Organizational units equipped with the Flight complex consisted of squadrons, each of which had 12 Tu-143 reconnaissance UAVs, four launchers, and there were also means for training, securing the launch, landing and evacuation of intelligence officers, a command post, and communication centers , a point for processing and decoding intelligence information, a technical and operational part where reconnaissance aircraft of subsequent launches were stored. The fixed assets of the complex were mobile and were transferred using standard squadron vehicles (Fig. 3.9-3.12).

The new complex was quickly mastered by the troops and was praised as a reliable, highly effective means of tactical reconnaissance. The Flight complex convincingly showed significant advantages in comparison with manned tactical reconnaissance equipment equipped with similar equipment. An important advantage of the Tu-143 reconnaissance UAV as a carrier of reconnaissance equipment was the presence of a navigation and flight complex that provided a more accurate exit to the reconnaissance site compared with manned tactical reconnaissance aircraft of the Air Force of that period (MiG-21R, Yak-28R). This was especially important when solving problems in several reconnaissance areas in one flight and when they were close to each other in different directions. Strict stabilization of the reconnaissance UAV Tu-143 in the reconnaissance areas, the necessary temperature conditions in the instrument compartment during flight conditions ensured optimal operating conditions for reconnaissance equipment and high-quality information. The aerial equipment installed on the scout made it possible to recognize objects on the ground with dimensions of 20 cm and above from a height of 500 m and at a speed of 950 km / h. The complex worked well in conditions of use in mountainous areas during starts and landings on platforms at altitudes up to 2000 m above sea level and overflights of mountain ranges up to 5000 m high. When used in mountainous areas, the Flight complex became practically invulnerable to enemy air defense systems , which made it an excellent means of conducting military operations in the mountains of the Caucasian and Asian theaters of war, as well as over the mountainous regions of Europe. The Flight complex was exported to Czechoslovakia, Romania and Syria, where it took part in the hostilities during the Lebanon conflict in the early 80s. The Reys complexes arrived in Czechoslovakia in 1984, and two squadrons were formed there.

The main characteristics of the Tu-143:

- wingspan: 2.24 m;

- length: 8.06 m;

- height: 1,545 m;

- maximum take-off weight: 1230 kg;

- cruising speed: 950 km / h;

- maximum radius of action: 80 km;

- maximum operational flight altitude: 1000 m;

- maximum flight duration: 0.25 h;

- engine type: turbojet TRZ-117;

- engine thrust: 640 kgf.

Tu-243 Flight D

In the late 70s, after entering the Flight complex, the question arose about its modernization in order to increase its effectiveness. The Tupolev Design Bureau was tasked with equipping the reconnaissance aircraft with new means and types of reconnaissance equipment that had higher resolution characteristics, the introduction of systems that make it possible to conduct reconnaissance operations at night, requirements were put forward to improve flight tactical data, in particular, flight range. to multiply the staff, the number of technical means and simplify the operation process.The tactical and technical requirements for the complex were approved by the customer in February 1983. Until 1987, the design bureau was engaged in the design and construction of prototype reconnaissance UAVs, which received the “243” airplane code (OK - 243).

The first flight of an experienced UAV Tu-243 made in July 1987. An experimental batch of Tu-243 aircraft passed state tests and the new complex was put into serial production since 1994 at the plant in Kumertau instead of the Flight complex (Fig. 3.13). Adopted in 1999. The work carried out as part of the creation of the new unmanned reconnaissance complex "Flight-D" allowed to increase the effectiveness of the complex by more than 2.5 times.

The design of the Tu-243 UAV in comparison with the Tu-143 has not undergone any special changes. Having retained mainly the general aerodynamic layout, aircraft systems, and the Tu-143 UAV powerplant, the developers completely updated the reconnaissance equipment, introduced the new NPK-243 navigation and aerobatic system, made on a more modern elemental base, re-arranged the placement of the UAV equipment, and increased the fuel supply etc.

Reconnaissance equipment, equipped in two versions, allows operations at any time of the day. In the first version, a PA-402 panoramic aerial camera and the Aist-M television reconnaissance system with real-time information transmission via the Trass-M radio link are installed on board, in the second version, the PA-402 and the Winter infrared reconnaissance system -M "with the transmission of information on the" Highway-M ". In addition to transmitting to the earth via a radio link, information is recorded on carriers located on board the UAV. New, more productive, reconnaissance equipment, combined with improved characteristics of the carrier aircraft, made it possible to bring the reconnaissance area to 2100 sq. km As in the case of the Flight complex, the use of radiation reconnaissance equipment is possible at the new complex. To facilitate the search for the Tu-243 UAV, after landing on the ground, a Marker type beacon is installed on it.

Fig. 3.13. UAV Tu-243 "Flight-D"

Main characteristics of the Tu-243:

- wingspan: 2.25 m;

- length: 8.29 m;

- height: 1,576 m;

- maximum take-off weight: 1400 kg;

- cruising speed: 940 km / h;

- maximum radius of action: 160 km;

- minimum operational flight height: 50 m;

- maximum operational flight altitude: 5000 m;

- engine type: turbojet TRZ-117A;

- engine thrust: 640 kgf.

Tu-300 "Kite"

One of the latest work in the field of creating unmanned aerial vehicles in the Tupolev Design Bureau was the design of the Tu-300 multipurpose UAV. In the early 1990s, several prototypes of these operational tactically remotely piloted strike devices were built. The Tu-300 was no longer designed as a reconnaissance UAV, but also as a carrier of missile or bomb weapons. The device has been tested and demonstrated at various exhibitions in the 1990s, but its further fate is not known (Fig. 3.14).

In addition to the Tu-300 UAV itself, the Stroy-F front-line reconnaissance and operational complex also includes a transport launcher, a remote control point and an intelligence decryption point — all of this is mounted on ZiL-131 vehicles. Solid fuel boosters are used for takeoff. A parachute system is used to land the devices.

The main characteristics of the Tu-300:

- empty weight: 3000 kg;

- maximum speed: 950 km / h;

- cruising speed: 500-600 km / h;

- ceiling: 6000 m;

- maximum radius of action: 200-300 km;

- minimum operating altitude: 500 m;

- engine type: turbojet engine.

Fig. 3.14. UAV Tu-300 "Kite"

Tactical UAV "Bee-1T"

Created by Yakovlev Design Bureau. The UAV is part of the Stroy-P complex. In 1982-1991 Two types of UAVs were designed and built for this complex. The first device - product 60C made its first flight on July 17, 1983. It was equipped with the Samara P-020 engine. During the test, 25 launches were performed, of which 20 were recognized as successful. All electronics was developed by the Research Institute "Coulomb", the starting device - OKB "Horizon". The second UAV - "Bee-1T" (product 61) - and became the prototype for mass production. The first flight took place on April 26, 1986. The test program ended in September 1989 after 68 launches (52 successful). It is known that testing the complex was accompanied by great difficulties (in particular, for a long time it was not possible to achieve stable operation of the flight control system).

The aircraft is a high-wing aircraft with ring plumage. Chassis - four fixed legs. The pushing screw is located in the ring plumage. The glider is mainly made of composite materials.

Fig. 3.15. UAV "Bee-IT"

The payload of “Bee -1T” is a camera with a zoom lens (capture angle - from 3 to 30 degrees), for the UAV “Bee-1IK” - an infrared camera. Intelligence transmission is carried out in real time. Flight of the device can be programmed on the ground or directly controlled by the operator. The use cases for Bees are diverse. This UAV can suppress radio stations within a radius of 15 km. It is also possible to use it as a target.

As a standard, the Stroy-P complex includes 10 UAVs, one control station / launcher, one transport truck and one production truck. Attendants - 8 people. The “Bees” take off from the BMD (landing assault vehicle) along the guide, using accelerators (Fig. 3.16). Landing is carried out using a parachute system, the impact on the ground is extinguished using a spring chassis. The UAV has a modular fuselage structure, this allows you to instantly change the damaged parts, restoring the performance of the device.

The complex was used by the Russian army during both Chechen wars in 1994-1996. and 1999-2001

Fig. 3.16. UAV "Bee-IT" on the launcher

Main characteristics of the Bee-1T UAV (based on materials):

- wing span: 3.25 m;

- length: 2,78 m;

- height: 1,1m;

- maximum take-off weight: 138 kg;

- maximum speed: 180 km / h;

- cruising speed: 110 km / h;

- maximum radius of action: 60 km;

- minimum operating altitude: 100 m;

- maximum operational flight altitude: 2500 m;

- maximum flight duration: 2 hours;

- range of working temperatures: -30 .. + 50 ° C;

- engine type: piston, Samara P-020;

- engine power: 32 hp

Tactical reconnaissance complex "Tipchak"

The developer of the 9M62 (BLA-05) apparatus and subsequent modifications (BLA-07, BLA-08) as part of the Tipchak reconnaissance complex is Rybinsk FSUE KB Luch (a division of Vega Radio Engineering Concern OJSC). The main purpose of the complex is artillery intelligence service.

UAV 9M62 is made according to the scheme of a two-frame monoplane with a pushing propeller. Airframe design collapsible for easy transportation. The special equipment includes a two-spectral broadband video camera, which allows you to shoot in television and infrared modes.

The Tippak complex includes:

- 6 UAVs launched with the help of a pneumatic catapult;

- 4 cars based on KAMAZ:

1) antenna machine: transmitting commands, receiving information and determining UAV coordinates by the radar method, ensures simultaneous operation of 2 UAVs;

2) camera operator: complex management, information processing, reference to a digital map of the area, the allocation of reconnaissance objects and the transfer of final information to the troops;

3) transport and launch vehicle: transportation of 6 UAVs and ensuring their launch by a pneumatic catapult;

4) technical support machine: search for landing UAVs, transportation of stock of consumables.

UAV landing system: parachute.

The main characteristics of the UAV 9M62 complex "Tipchak":

- wing span: 3.4 m;

- length: 2.4 m;

- maximum take-off weight: 50 kg;

- maximum speed: 200 km / h;

- minimum speed: 90 km / h;

- minimum operating altitude: 200 m;

- maximum operational flight altitude: 3000 m;

- reconnaissance radius: 70 km;

- flight duration: 3 hours;

- engine type: piston;

- engine power: 13 hp

Fig. 3.16. The first prototype UAV complex "Tipchak"

Fig. 3.17. Loading the UAV complex "Tipchak" to the launcher

The military department of the Soviet Union was always prejudiced against new developments in the field of armaments, and only the successful use of UAVs by Israel in 1982 under combat conditions forced the USSR Ministry of Defense to reconsider their views and instruct the Kulon Research Institute to carry out design work on the creation of an attack UAV. There was already experience in creating UAVs in the USSR - the Tupolev Design Bureau developed the T-141 and T-143 UAV reconnaissance aircraft.

However, initially, in 1982, the creation of the shock UAV was entrusted to the Sukhoi Design Bureau. And only after 12 months they decide to entrust the development of a new project of the Tupolev Design Bureau, which already had experience in the successful development of UAVs.

The work was carried out by the designers of the Tupolev plant "Experience".

The work ends in 1990 with the successful creation of a prototype, which is called the Tu-300 UAV “Korshun-U”, and in 1991 it first rises into the sky. The reconnaissance version of the UAV is called "Eagle Owl."

OKB "Tupolev" has actively begun to conduct various tests of UAVs. But in connection with the well-known changes and the almost complete cessation of funding, further developments were carried out with pure enthusiasm.

For the first time, the Tu-300 Filin was presented at the Moscow International Aerospace Show in 1993. It presented the Filin-1 UAV with reconnaissance equipment and a radar station. The device can be equipped with various equipment - cameras, infrared equipment, radar stations side and all-round visibility.

UAV Filin has a starting weight of about 3 tons and can fly at a speed of about 950 km / h.

Eagle Owl-2 is used as a repeater, capable of working out 120 minutes, planning in the air at speeds of up to 600 kilometers per hour.

All Tu-300 UAVs are equipped with a marching turbojet engine and solid-propellant boost boosters.

For landing, the domestic Tu-300 uses a parachute system. All additional equipment — a launcher, a remote control unit, an intelligence processing and decryption point — was carried out on an ZiL-131 army truck.

The equipment can simultaneously control 2 Tu-300 Filin-1 and 2 Tu-300 Filin-2.

Basic data Tu-300 “Korshun-U”

Tu-300 was created as a single-engine aircraft according to the aerodynamic scheme "duck". The wing is triangular of small elongation, during flight it creates constant lifting force. In the head part of the UAV is computing equipment and communications.

The entire load - military weapons or reconnaissance equipment - is located in the fuselage compartment and external suspensions. The total weight of all loads is up to 1000 kilograms.

During demonstrations at various exhibitions, the Tu-300 was equipped with a container for small-sized cargo. It follows that the combat load will be small-sized bombs, possibly cumulative-fragmentation and high-explosive fragmentation.

The beam of the BDZ holder will allow the use of many controlled and uncontrolled aircraft weapons.

The parachute system is located in the tail section of the UAV.

The future of domestic UAVs

OKB "Tupolev", also known as the company "Tupolev", in 2007 officially resumed all work on the creation of strike and reconnaissance UAVs. The basis of modern developments will lie in the design experience of the Tu-300 project. It is expected that the device will be medium-range.

He will participate in all domestic tenders for the creation of UAVs of various configurations.

Main characteristics:

Modifications "Eagle Owl-1" and "Eagle Owl-2";

Take-off weight - 4000 kilograms;

Propulsion: one turbojet engine;

Maximum speed - up to 950 km / h;

Range of application - up to 300 kilometers;

High ceiling - 6 thousand meters;

Minimum ceiling - 50 meters;

Financial difficulties of the mid-90s forced OKB to freeze the development of the Tu-300.

Current state

It was also reported that the Tupolev company is developing a project of a medium-range unmanned aerial vehicle (LHC SD) based on the Tu-300.

Design

Tu-300 is a single-engine unmanned aerial vehicle with a duck aerodynamic design. The triangular wing of small elongation provides lift. In the bow of the fuselage is located reconnaissance and auxiliary equipment, communications and computer complex.

The target load (electronic equipment or missile and bomb weapons) is located in the fuselage compartment and at the external points of the suspension. With a take-off weight of 4 tons, the device can take on board up to a ton of the target load.

At exhibitions, the device was demonstrated with a suspended container of small-sized cargo at KMGU. This suggests that one of the striking means of the UAV under development will be small-sized high-explosive fragmentation and cumulative-fragmentation bombs. The used BD3-U holder allows you to place on a plane a wide range of guided and uncontrolled aviation ammunition.

The chassis of the drone is not provided. The start is made from the transport and launch container from the car chassis, using 2 solid fuel boosters. Landing is carried out using a parachute system located in the tail compartment.

Notes

References

Tu-300 Sky Corner
Tu-300 General catalog of modern aviation.
Russian "drone" Tu-300 is planned to be upgraded to increase the effectiveness of aerial reconnaissance
Tupolev will develop medium-range strike drone Lenta.ru

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

See what "Tu-300" is in other dictionaries:

300 Spartans (film 2007) There are other meanings for this term, see 300 Spartans. 300 Spartans 300 ... Wikipedia

300 Winchester Magnum third right Type of cartridge: Rifle / hunting ... Wikipedia

Cartridge. 300 Remington Ultra Magnum Type of cartridge: Rifle ... Wikipedia

Developer Collision Studios Publisher Warner Bros. Interactive ... Wikipedia

300 three hundred 297 · 298 · 299 · 300 · 301 · 302 · 303 270 · 280 · 290 · 300 · 310 · 320 · 330 0 · 100 · 200 · 300 · 400 · 500 · 600 ... Wikipedia

300 (bande dessinee) - 300 (bande dessinée) Pour les articles homonymes, voir 300 (homonymie). 300 Éditeur Dark Horse Comics Frequence Mensuel Format Mini Série ... Wikipédia en Français

.300 Winchester Magnum - El .300 Winchester Magnum (conocido como .300 Win Mag), o 7.62 × 67 mm en el sistema metrico, es un popular cartucho Magnum para fusil, introducido por la Winchester Repeating Arms Company en 1963 como parte de la familia de cartuchos Winchester ... ... Wikipedia Español

300 300 Cover of the full edition 1999 History Publisher Dark Horse Comics Format ... Wikipedia

300 (disambiguation) - 300 may refer to: * The year 300 * The year 300 BC * 300 (number), the natural number * 300 (television), a Catalan public television channel * Chrysler 300, a car by Chrysler * Airbus A300, a commercial jet airlinerIn media: * 300 (comics), a ... ... Wikipedia

300 (historieta) - Saltar a navegación, búsqueda 300 Formato Serie limitada Primera edición Mayo 1998 Septiembre 1998 Editorial Dark Horse Comics Editor Diana Schutz Periodicidad Mensual ISBN / IS ... Wikipedia Español

Today, the United States and Israel are considered the absolute leaders in the production of unmanned aircraft (including strike type), although as far back as the 80s of the last century, our country was one of the main favorites in this area.

Almost half a century ago, OKB im. A. N. Tupolev created such now-known devices as the Tu-143 Flight and the Tu-141 Strizh.

The Tupolev Design Bureau began creating tactical and operational unmanned reconnaissance systems in the mid-1960s. The chief designer Aleksey Tupolev and the project manager of unmanned systems Valentin Bliznyuk headed the work, later Leonid Kulikov took his place.

In the terms of reference for the new generation systems, in addition to stealth, mobility, autonomy and other tactical and technical requirements, points were added, the implementation of which forced developers to reconsider the design, production and testing of unmanned vehicles. For example, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) had to be reusable, fly at both low and high altitudes, and even over mountainous areas.

Particularly raised was the question of achieving the minimum EPR values \u200b\u200bfor a reconnaissance aircraft. High requirements were imposed on the flight-navigation complex, which was supposed to provide a sufficiently accurate exit of the reconnaissance aircraft to the reconnaissance area and to the landing site measuring 500-500 m in size, where they were landed after completing the mission. The short time allotted for the task of preparing and starting an reconnaissance aircraft required the development of a new complex of on-board equipment based on a modern element base, as well as the creation of an engine with a high degree of reliability.

As soon as possible, a new tactical reconnaissance complex “Flight” was developed and tested. In December 1968, the first successful flight of the Tu-143 unmanned aerial vehicle took place, and serial production of the UAV began during state tests.

Tu-143 "Flight" had a very impressive dimensions. Its length was 8.06 m, wingspan - 2.24 m, weight - 1 230 kg. This UAV was intended for tactical reconnaissance in the front-line zone, as well as for monitoring the radiation situation. At the end of the flight, the Tu-143 turned around and returned back to the landing zone.

To ensure multiple use on unmanned systems of the Tupolev Design Bureau, a parachute-jet rescue system with a landing gear was developed and introduced, as well as full autonomy of landing without the use of special air and ground support equipment.

The new complex was quickly mastered by the troops and praised as a reliable, highly effective means of tactical intelligence. An important advantage of the Tu-143 as a carrier of reconnaissance equipment was the presence of an NPC - a navigation and aerobatic complex. It provided a more accurate exit to the reconnaissance site in comparison with manned tactical reconnaissance aircraft of that period (MiG-21R, Yak-28R).

Reconnaissance UAV Tu-143 was mass-produced in two versions of the configuration of the bow replacement part - a photo reconnaissance and a television reconnaissance. The reconnaissance version carried on board a PA-1 type aerial camera, which provided photography for 70% of the route. The shooting intervals were set in automatic mode, depending on the flight altitude of the drone. Another version of the drone performed television reconnaissance due to equipment such as the I-429B Chibis. The transmission of the television image to the command ground posts passed through the radio channel. During radiation reconnaissance, Sigma-R equipment was used, which was able to transmit data over the air and record on board.

Tu-143 was designed according to the "tailless" scheme. It was a monoplane with a low-lying triangular wing of small elongation. In the front part of the fuselage of the aircraft, a stationary triangular shaped destabilizer was installed, which provided the necessary margin of stability in marching flight modes. The triangular wing had a sweep at the leading edge of 58 ° and a slight reverse sweep at the trailing edge.

Ailerons were located along the entire edge of the wing. With their help, the roll and pitch control was performed. The structure of the vertical tail included keel, small fork and rudders.

The scheme of the UAV Tu-143 "Flight"

“If only about 50 supersonic long-range unmanned reconnaissance reconnaissance Tu-123“ Hawks ”were created, then the Tu-143“ Reis ”complex became mass - about 1,000 units were produced before the end of mass production in 1989,” says the chief designer of the Tu aircraft ‑334 and unmanned systems OKB them. A.N. Tupolev Igor Kalygin. - Some are still in operation. The Flight complex was also in service with Romania and Syria. ”

The company continues to work on the creation of unmanned aircraft. Complex Tu-300 "Kite", created in OKB im. A.N. Tupolev in 1995, remains the most powerful Russian attack drone.

UAV Tu-300 "Kite"

“One of the tasks on this device is to fly completely offline without any radio communications,” says Igor Kalygin. - If there is no connection, and the machine is silent, then it is difficult to detect it, especially since the effective dispersion area of \u200b\u200bthe machine is quite low. A connection that is on board is an undisclosed connection. When he flies offline, knocking him down is quite difficult. ”

In the mid-1990s, the “Kite” could fly hundreds of kilometers at cruise missile speeds, gain hundreds and thousands of meters of altitude, and also descend to the surface to fulfill the main task - to strike, however, at motionless targets. Only a few years after him, the American rival Tu-300, the reconnaissance and strike UAV MQ-1 Predator, took to the sky.

Today, the Tu-300 can serve as a prototype for further development. It’s not just about the deep modernization of the Tu-300, but about the creation of a virtually new unmanned complex with approximately the same flight performance and dimensions as the Tu-300, but on the most modern avionics base and with a new target load .

Tu-143 Flight
Tactical fully rescued subsonic high-speed unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. A further development of the Tu-143 was the Tu-273 "Flight-D" - a reconnaissance unmanned aerial complex for tactical purposes with an increased flight range.

The performance characteristics of the UAV "Flight"

Speed \u200b\u200bfrom 500 to 920 km / h
Flight range 250 km
Starting weight 1 215 kg
Combat load weight 100 kg
EPR 0.3 m²

Tu-300 "Kite"
Multipurpose unmanned aerial vehicle. Designed for aerial reconnaissance and destruction of detected ground targets.

The performance characteristics of the UAV "Kite"

Range of flight heights from 5 to 8,000 m
Flight speed from 500 to 900 km / h
Flight range 800 km
Starting weight from 3,100 to 3,500 kg
The weight of the combat load from 400 to 900 kg
EPR 0.5 m²

According to the materials of UAC "Horizons" №4 2015

Tu-300 Korshun-U - Soviet and Russian tactical strike unmanned aerial vehicle developed by OKB them. Tupolev. Designed for aerial reconnaissance and destruction of detected ground targets. The first flight took place in 1991. There are also modifications for conducting radio intelligence (Filin-1) and relaying radio signals (Filin-2).

History of creation

Development

The development of a tactical strike UAV with the code designation “Kite” began in the Soviet Union in 1982. Initially, the work on this project was assigned to the Sukhoi Design Bureau, but a year later the development was transferred to the MMZ "Experience" OKB named after Tupolev, who had more experience in creating UAVs, who created successful unmanned reconnaissance aircraft Tu-141 and Tu-143, where the UAV receives an index of 300 and the designation “Korshun-U”. The layout schemes and solutions were completely revised, which makes it possible to talk about the original Tupolev development of the Tu-300.

For the Tu-300 UAV, the equipment used was unified with the Tu-141 and Tu-241 reconnaissance aircraft / Photo: avia.pro

The ground equipment of the developed drone was unified with the Tu-141 and Tu-241 scouts. In the early 1990s, the Design Bureau created a flying instance, which took to the air in 1991, flight tests began. The developed aircraft was actively demonstrated at the International Aviation and Space Salon in Zhukovsky.

Financial difficulties of the mid-90s forced OKB to freeze the development of the Tu-300.

Current state

In 2007, Interfax reported that the Tupolev Design Bureau was resuming work on the Tu-300 project, frozen in the mid-90s due to lack of funding. The purpose of the drone (reconnaissance with the ability to destroy detected targets), the airframe scheme, the main design decisions, as well as ground equipment are supposed to be left unchanged at the first stage. It is also assumed that the updated UAV will receive new engines with significantly improved characteristics, as well as modern radio equipment and avionics.

Figure UAV-Tu-300 / Image: i.ytimg.com

It was also reported that the Tupolev company is developing a project of a medium-range unmanned aerial vehicle (LHC SD) based on the Tu-300.

Design

The start is made from a transport and launch container from a car chassis using 2 solid fuel boosters / Photo: sdelanounas.ru

In 1982, in the Soviet Union, the Air Force proposed to begin the development of tactical strike UAVs (code designation "Kite").

It should be noted that they immediately thought about using the previous models as basic ones, but after they reconsidered the solution and proceeded to the development of a unique Tu-300 drone.

UAV Tu-300 / Photo: ru.wikipedia.org

“At the exhibition held in mid-September of this year, dedicated to the military-industrial conference on the topic“ Prospects for the development of robotic systems and complexes with unmanned aerial vehicles, ”a full-scale Tu-300 model was shown, which aroused great interest among the military,” the agency’s source said. . He noted that the Tu-300 unmanned system, created at the beginning of the 90s and having no analogues in the world at that time, could serve as a prototype for further developments.

UAV Tu-300 at the exhibition / Photo: ru.wikipedia.org

UAV Filin has a starting weight of about 3 tons and can fly at a speed of about 950 km / h.

Eagle Owl-2 is used as a repeater, capable of working out 120 minutes planning in the air at speeds up to 600 kilometers per hour.

All Tu-300 UAVs are equipped with a marching turbojet engine and solid-propellant boost boosters.

The equipment can simultaneously control 2 Tu-300 Filin-1 and 2 Tu-300 Filin-2.

Model UAV Tu-300 / Photo: testpilot.ru

Basic data Tu-300 “Korshun-U”

The entire load - military weapons or reconnaissance equipment - is located in the fuselage compartment and external suspensions. The total weight of all loads is up to 1000 kilograms. During demonstrations at various exhibitions, the Tu-300 was equipped with a container for small-sized cargo. It follows that the combat load will be small-sized bombs, possibly cumulative-fragmentation and high-explosive fragmentation.

The beam of the BDZ holder will allow the use of many controlled and uncontrolled aircraft weapons.

UAV Tu-300 / Photo: testpilot.ru

The parachute system is located in the tail section of the UAV.

The future of domestic UAVs

He will participate in all domestic tenders for the creation of UAVs of various configurations.

Israel’s successful use of reconnaissance UAVs in Lebanon in 1982 prompted the military leadership of the Soviet Army to ask for the development of a new generation of UAVs under the Stroy program. The leading organization in the work on the program was determined by the Research Institute "Coulomb" (Moscow, Ministry of Radioelectronic Industry). Much work on the justification of combat use, the construction of complexes was carried out by the Central Research Institute of Distribution Zone - the main enterprise of the MCI.

For the operational-tactical reconnaissance complex of the front-line unit “Stroy-F” (export name “Malakhit-F”), the Experiment Design Bureau (Design Bureau named after AN Tupolev) created the UAV Tu-300 “Korshun” (export name - "Eagle Owl"). On a competitive basis, a project of a similar UAV was developed at the Design Bureau named after P.O.Sukhogo. () The Kulon Research Institute for the first time presented information about the Malachite-F complex, proposed for use in the Russian armed forces, at the international exhibition Mosaeroshow-93 .

One of the Filin-1 devices with electronic intelligence and radar equipment (depending on the task, cameras, infrared equipment, side-view radars can be installed) has a starting weight of about 3000 kg, flight speed up to 950 km / h, range actions up to 200-300 km. The complex uses the Filin-2 DPL repeater, which provides information reception and transmission for 2 hours when flying at a speed of 500-600 km / h at an altitude of 500-6000 m. UAVs are equipped with mid-flight turbojet engines and solid-propellant launch boosters. For landing devices used parachute system. All the machines of the complex: a transport-launcher, a remote control point and an intelligence decryption point are mounted on ZiL-131 vehicles. The equipment of the complex provides simultaneous control of two UAVs "Filin-1" and two "Filin-2".

3.1. The history of the development of unmanned aircraft in the army of the USSR and Russia (based on materials)

Sections of this page:

LA-17R

Tu-141 "Swift"

Tu-143 Flight

Tu-243 Flight D

Tu-300 "Kite"

Tactical UAV "Bee-1T"

Tactical reconnaissance complex "Tipchak"

Current state

Design

Notes

References

See what "Tu-300" is in other dictionaries:

Similar articles