Zrk dagger and dagger. Ship anti-aircraft missile complex dagger. SAM Dagger - video

On the first day of spring, Russian President Vladimir Putin addressed the Federal Assembly with an annual message. The head of state spoke about recent successes and set new tasks. In addition, he touched on the topic of strategic weapons designed to ensure the country's security. In the future, all major branches of the armed forces, including combat aircraft, will receive new systems. Together with existing aircraft, it is proposed to use the “Dagger” aviation missile system.

The story of the new weapon for the aerospace forces V. Putin began with a reminder of current trends in aerospace technology. Now leading countries with great scientific potential and modern technologies are developing the so-called hypersonic weapons. Then the president gave a short “lecture” on physics and aerodynamics. He pointed out that the speed of sound is traditionally measured in mahs - the unit is named for in part of the Austrian physicist Ernst Mach. At an altitude of 11 km 1 max equals 1062 km / h. The speed from M \u003d 1 to M \u003d 5 is considered supersonic, more than M \u003d 5 - hypersonic.

Weapons with hypersonic flight speeds give the armed forces the most serious advantages over the enemy. Such weapons can be characterized by high power, and high speed protects them from being intercepted by air defense or missile defense. Interceptors simply cannot catch the attacking item. According to the president, it is clear why the leading countries of the world are striving to seize such weapons. But Russia already has such funds.

The most important stage in the creation of modern weaponry, V. Putin called the development of a high-precision aviation missile system, which, as claimed, has no analogues in foreign countries. Tests of this system have already been completed. Moreover, since December 1, the new complex has been used as pilot combat duty at the airfields of the Southern Military District.

MiG-31BM takes off with a dagger

According to V. Putin, a rocket with the help of a high-speed carrier aircraft should reach the launch site in a matter of minutes. After the reset, the rocket develops a speed ten times the speed of sound. Throughout the trajectory, despite the high speed, the product is able to perform maneuvers. The ability to change the flight path allows you to protect the missile from enemy defenses. According to the president, the new missile is guaranteed to overcome modern and, possibly, promising air defense and missile defense systems. A hypersonic missile is capable of flying at a range of up to 2 thousand km and delivering a conventional or nuclear warhead to the target.

Unlike some other promising developments presented last week, the aviation missile system has already received its own name. He was designated as the "Dagger." Other names and designations, such as the GRAU index, the working code of the project, etc. the president did not cite.

As with other latest weapons, the president’s words were followed by a demo video showing interesting shots from tests of a promising missile system. Videography in the most obvious way confirms the statements of V. Putin about the tests. Some of the stages of one of the test launches, filmed by military operators, were allowed to be used in the video for showing to the general public.

Plane before rocket drop

The video begins with the take-off frames of the MiG-31BM fighter-interceptor. Already during the run it is clear that under the bottom of its fuselage is not suspended the usual and standard ammunition, but some kind of new weapon. The interceptor lifts a large and massive rocket of a new type into the air. Part of the further flight with access to the launch point, however, was shown using simplified computer graphics. But then again there was a video of real tests with a real rocket launch.

Being on a given course and maintaining a certain height and speed, the carrier aircraft dropped the “Dagger” rocket. In free flight, it “failed” in height, after which it threw off the tail fairing and started the marching engine. The rocket flight was again not shown in the form of documentary frames and depicted schematically. In the next episode, the computer model of the aircraft dropped an animated missile, and the ballistic trajectory went to the ship of the conditional enemy. It is worth noting that the drawn target ship had a recognizable appearance and looked like some kind of real model.

Product X-47M2 separated

The last stages of the flight of the rocket, reaching the target area, and then pointing at it, were shown using graphics. Moreover, the "camera" this time was directly on board the rocket. The product went to the enemy ship, went into a dive, and then the video signal, as expected, disappeared. However, the video showed the defeat of the target, although another. Ammunition fell on a land fortification and detonated it. The MiG-31BM carrier plane, in turn, returned to the airfield and landed.

Soon after the president’s speech, new information about the Dagger project appeared. So, the Russian press cited the second designation of a new missile - the X-47M2. Commander of the Aerospace Forces Colonel General Sergei Surovikin indicated that the new missile belongs to the class of hypersonic aeroballistic weapons. According to him, state tests of the new complex have already been conducted at the training grounds of the Ministry of Defense. During the checks, he fully confirmed his effectiveness. All missile launches ended with an exact defeat of the intended targets.

The Commander-in-Chief of the VKS also revealed some details of the combat operation of the Dagger product. So, in the final ballistic section of the flight, the missile uses an all-weather homing head. This provides the possibility of using a rocket at any time of the day to obtain the required accuracy and selectivity of target destruction. The maximum speed of a rocket in flight is 10 times the speed of sound. The firing range, as confirmed by the commander in chief, reaches 2 thousand km.

Tail Fair Relief

Thus, in the interests of the Aerospace Forces, the latest aeroballistic missile was developed, suitable for the destruction of various ground or surface objects. Product X-47M2 "Dagger" can carry both conventional and special warheads, which expands the range of tasks. MiG-31 interceptors of the latest “BM” modification are now used as carriers.

One of the most interesting features of the Dagger project is the choice of a carrier aircraft. They decided to use the air-to-surface missile with a fighter, the main weapon of which is air-to-air products. The reasons for this are obvious. The maximum speed of the MiG-31BM aircraft at an altitude reaches 3400 km / h, which allows it to reach the launch point in a minimum amount of time. In addition, the high speed of the carrier during a missile drop allows you to get some advantages. At the time of the launch, the rocket already has a high initial speed, and therefore the energy of its engine goes only for subsequent acceleration with access to a quasi-ballistic trajectory.

Engine starting

Thus, the potential of the rocket provided by hypersonic flight speed does not decrease due to insufficient parameters of the carrier. In terms of flight speed, preliminary rocket acceleration and speed of solving combat missions, the MiG-31BM is the most successful platform.

Product X-47M2 has very simple shapes and shapes. The missile received a conical head fairing, which accounts for about half the length of the product. The second half of the body is formed by a cylindrical section equipped with X-shaped planes in the rear. An even tail section of the hull for the duration of the flight under the aircraft is equipped with a resettable cowl shaped as a truncated cone. Accurate information about the design of the product has not yet been given, but now we can say that it is equipped with a solid propellant marching engine. The type of homing head is unknown.

It should be noted that the new aircraft missile looks very similar to the ballistic munitions of the Iskander operational-tactical complex. In the past, there were rumors at various levels about the possible creation of an aircraft modification of this system, but they still have not received official confirmation. The characteristic exterior of the latest dagger can serve as a kind of confirmation of the rumors of the recent past. At the same time, similarities can only be associated with similar technical requirements and a tactical role.

The rocket headed towards the target

It is alleged that the dagger missile belongs to the class of aeroballistic. This means that the product is discarded from the carrier aircraft, after which it turns on the engine and with its help enters an upward trajectory. Further, the flight takes place almost in the same way as in the case of other ballistic missiles. The difference between the X-47M2 and other systems is determined by the use of a homing head. Devices, the type of which has not yet been specified, are used to detect the target and correct the course of the rocket at all stages of the flight, including on the descending section of the ballistic trajectory. In the latter case, the most accurate hit in the specified target is ensured.

The promising Dagger, like the well-known Iskander, has characteristic capabilities: missiles of both complexes are capable of maneuvering along the trajectory. Because of this, the enemy’s anti-missile systems lose the ability to timely calculate the trajectory of an approaching missile and correctly intercept it. On the descending section of the trajectory, the rocket develops maximum speed, up to M \u003d 10, which sharply reduces the allowable reaction time. As a result, the "Dagger" system is really capable of showing the highest combat characteristics and breaking through the existing air defense and missile defense system.

Demonstration of the principles of constructing a flight path

First, Vladimir Putin, and then Sergey Surovikin talked about recent work in the framework of the project with the code “Dagger”. Not later than last fall, the industry and the Ministry of Defense carried out all the necessary tests of the latest rocket, and also completed its refinement. Already on December 1, an order appeared to accept the new missile into experimental combat operation. The X-47M2 product is operated as part of a full-fledged complex, which also includes the MiG-31BM carrier aircraft. So far, only air units from the Southern Military District have new weapons.

Apparently, in the foreseeable future, the armed forces will complete the trial operation of the latest weapons, and soon after that the Dagger complex will receive a recommendation for adoption. The result will be the re-equipment of aviation units, accompanied by a significant increase in the strike potential of tactical aviation.

Missile falls on target

It should be recalled that at the moment Russian tactical aviation has only air-to-surface systems with a launch range of tens or hundreds of kilometers. Products capable of flying thousands of kilometers are only available in strategic aviation. The Dagger missile system with a launch range of up to 2000 km will actually occupy an intermediate position between purely tactical and exclusively strategic weapons. With its help, it will be possible to strike at enemy targets as quickly as possible at operational and strategic depths.

Greater flexibility of use will be provided by the existence of special and non-nuclear warheads. Depending on the task and the type of object being attacked, it will be possible to choose one or another warhead. Thus, the combat qualities of the X-47M2 missile will fully correspond to its "intermediate" position. Tactical aviation, in turn, will bring its capabilities closer to strategic.

All promising strategic weapons presented by Vladimir Putin last Thursday were created in the interests of nuclear forces and in order to deter potential adversaries. The “Dagger” aviation missile system is fully consistent with such tasks, although it is more flexible and versatile in comparison with other systems. Depending on the situation in the theater of operations, it can become a means of a powerful strike by tactical aviation forces or solve tasks inherent in strategic complexes.

The “Dagger” missile system has already passed almost all stages of inspections, including state tests. According to the results of development work, he was put on pilot combat duty in parts of the Aerospace Forces. Thus, the armed forces have already received one of the latest models of strike weapons and are now mastering it. In the foreseeable future, upon completion of all required inspections and trial operation, the new missile will be put into service and will go to parts warehouses. The videoconferencing potential will increase markedly, and with it the country's defense capability will improve.

In the 80s, the Altair NGO led by S.A. Fadeev was created by the dagger short-range defense system. Anti-aircraft guided missiles for the complex were developed by the ICB Fakel.

Ship tests of the complex began in 1982 on the Black Sea on a small anti-submarine ship pr.1124. During demonstration firing in the spring of 1986, 4 P-35 cruise missiles were launched from coastal installations at the MPK. All P-35s were shot down by 4 dagger missiles. The tests were hard and the adoption of the complex had to be postponed periodically, also for a long time the industry began to produce serial production of “Daggers”. As a result, a number of ships of the Navy had to be taken unarmed. So, for example, the “Dagger” was supposed to equip the Novorossiysk TAKR, but it was adopted with reserved volumes for the “Dagger”. On the first ships of Project 1155, the complex was installed one instead of the two. And only in 1989, the Dagger was officially adopted.

SAM “Dagger” is a multi-channel, all-weather, autonomous complex capable of reflecting a massive raid of low-flying anti-ship, anti-radar missiles, guided and unguided bombs, aircraft, helicopters, etc. The Dagger air defense system uses the basic circuitry of the S-300F Fort air defense system — the presence of a multifunctional radar, the launch of SAM from TPK in a drum-type rocket launcher. Target designation complex can receive from any naval radar detection of the CC.

The complex is equipped with its own radar detection equipment (K-12-1 module), providing the complex with complete independence and operational actions in the most difficult situations. The multi-channel complex is based on phased array antennas with electronic beam control and a high-speed computing complex. The target detection radar has a range of up to 45 km and operates in the K (X, 1) range. A distinctive feature of the radar transmitter of the complex is its alternate operation in the target and missile channels. Depending on the operating mode, the frequency of the packets and the duration of the pulses change. AP Dagger radar - combined, as in the Osa-M air defense system: the antenna for detecting a CC is combined with the AP of shooting stations and is a PAR. The main headlamp provides additional search and tracking of targets and guidance of missiles on them, the other two are designed to capture the response signal of the launched rocket and bring it to the marching track. With the help of its digital computer complex, the dagger can operate in various modes, including in fully automatic: taking a target for tracking, processing data for shooting, launching and aiming missiles, evaluating the results of shooting and transferring fire to other targets. The main mode of operation of the complex is automatic (without the participation of personnel), based on the principles of “artificial intelligence”. The television-optical means of target detection built into the antenna post not only increase its noise immunity in conditions of intense radio resistance, but also allow personnel to visually assess the nature of tracking and hitting targets. The radar facilities of the complex were developed at the Research Institute "Quantum" under the guidance of V.I. Guzya and provide a range of detection of air targets of 45 km at an altitude of 3.5 km.

"Dagger" can simultaneously fire up to four targets in the spatial sector of 60 degrees. at 60 degrees., while up to 8 missiles are guided in parallel. The reaction time of the complex is from 8 to 24 seconds, depending on the radar mode. Combat capabilities of the "Dagger" in comparison with the Osa-M air defense system increased by 5-6 times. In addition to the SAM, the Dagger complex can control the fire of 30-mm AK-360M assault rifles, making it possible to shoot surviving targets at a distance of up to 200 meters.

The complex uses a 9M330-2 remote-controlled anti-aircraft missile, unified with the Tor complex land missile. The missile was developed at the Fakel Design Bureau under the direction of P.D. Pear It is single-stage with a dual-mode solid-fuel engine. Missiles are placed in transport and launch containers (TPK), which ensures their safety, constant combat readiness, ease of transportation and safety when loading into the launcher. Missiles do not need to be tested for 10 years. 9M330 is made according to the aerodynamic scheme "duck" and uses a freely rotating wing unit. Its wings are folding, which made it possible to place the 9M330 in an extremely "compressed" square TPK. The launch of a missile launcher is vertical with the help of a catapult with a further declination of the missile by the gas-dynamic system to the target. Missiles can be launched on a roll up to 20 degrees. The engine starts at a safe height for the ship after the rocket declines. Aiming missiles at the target is carried out by remote control. Undermining the warhead is carried out directly at the command of a pulsed radio fuse in the immediate vicinity of the target. The radio fuse is anti-interference and adapts when approaching the water surface. Warhead - high-explosive fragmentation type.

Launchers of the “Dagger” complex were developed by the Design Bureau “Start” under the guidance of the chief designer A.I. Yaskin. PU below deck, consists of 3-4 drum-type launch modules, each with 8 TPKs with missiles. The weight of the module without missiles is 41.5 tons, the occupied area is 113 square meters. m. Calculation of the complex 13 people.

At present, the Dagger air defense system is in service with the Admiral Kuznetsov heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser, atomic missile cruisers, Project 1144.2 Orlan, large anti-submarine ships Project 11155, 1155.1 Udaloy (8 modules of 8 missiles installed) and the latest guard the ship "Undaunted" pr.11540 "Hawk". At the moment, the “Dagger” anti-aircraft missile system is the best medium-range naval air defense system in the world.

One of the most interesting moments of the recent appeal of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin to the elite and the masses has become presentation of the latest weaponswho will soon embark on combat duty. As it turned out, one of them is already actively guarding the western borders of our homeland. Aviation Missile System (ARC) "Dagger"   - our guest today.

On March 11, 2018, the Russian Ministry of Defense published footage of the “combat training” launch of the “Dagger” rocket from the side of the MiG-31 carrier aircraft. This aircraft is unique in itself. In more detail about him, we told you in the context of developing the latest replacement for him under the name MiG-41. He is also called PAK-DP (Promising long-range interception aircraft complex).

As it turned out, it is impossible to suspend a high-altitude rocket under an ordinary plane. Even the stratospheric MiG-31, in its, including the anti-satellite version, is not capable of “working” with such an overall burden without additional design changes. The aircraft was finalized, the rocket was fixed and sent on combat duty.

   Many users have noted a number of inconsistencies in the published video. Why was it necessary to “erode” the rocket elements on the ground and open them in the air? A number of experts, such as the BMPD blog, noticed on video one of the MiG RSK used as a flying laboratory of fighter instances. These facts may indicate the presence of a montage of a plot from several videos varying in shooting time up to several years.

Shot of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Another important fact is the unique similarity of the latest “Dagger” and the relatively elderly operational-tactical complex “Iskander-E”. More precisely, missiles to it under the index 9M723. There is practically no visual difference between the two, and an increase of 70 cm in the length of the product can be caused by the installation of an aerodynamic fairing and a rocket nozzle discharged after separation from the carrier.

MiG-31 with a dagger. Shot of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

As for hypersound! Vladimir Putin, like our military, unanimously calls new complex - hypersonic, i.e. flying to the target at a speed of 10-12 times higher than the speed of sound. From the point of view of theory - everything is true. Just think about it 12 000 km / h! Hypersonic is the speed of an object above Mach 5.   (1 Mach \u003d 1062 km / h at an altitude of 11 km) However, American experts interpret the concept of a hypersonic product as using a ramjet engine for movement. And our blog, frankly spit what Western "partners" think. Such weapons working at such speeds, ranges and altitudes ... no country in the world has, except OUR!

  "Russian newspaper"

She also maneuvers. Despite the enormous speed, the rocket is able to actively maneuver throughout the flight to the target. If we draw an analogy with the Iskander, then even the developers cannot predict the trajectory of its movement ... it flies as it wants, it's the same Russian rocket.

The combat module of the M-Tor complex on a ship of the frigate class (execution of the missile defense system for the Russian Navy)

We are all well aware of the long-standing and highly successful tradition of the Soviet defense design bureaus, which consists in the development of ship modifications of anti-aircraft missile and anti-aircraft artillery systems, which are almost completely unified with their ground-based options for anti-aircraft missile interceptors, and in some cases for multi-functional fire control radars . So, for example, the S-300F “Fort” long-range naval anti-aircraft missile system differs from the S-300PS ground-based SAM system in the round design of PFAR and the reduced throughput of the 3Р41 “Volna” naval radar system (3 simultaneously “captured” targets versus 6 targets for land RPN 30N6E), as well as the upgraded 5V55RM missile, which, unlike the 5V55R version, has on board specialized radio communication modules with transport and launch containers VPU B-204A. The Kortik, Pantsir-M, and the Osa-M, Dagger, and Gibka self-defense air defense systems, which were fully unified with Osa missile systems, were created according to a similar principle. , "Tunguska", "Shell-C1", "Wasp" and "Tor-M1" and "Needle-S".

We can confidently say that this solved all issues with the interchangeability between naval and military arsenals of anti-aircraft guided missiles of the above complexes. At the same time, the combination of these air defense systems in a tightly held naval or aircraft carrier strike group allows you to create a powerful layered air defense system, when, for example, at the far boundary the targets are intercepted by the Fort from the Moscow air defense missile cruiser, and on the average by the Shtilem- 1 ”from the SK 11356“ Admiral Grigorovich ”, and in the near - by the AK-630M anti-aircraft artillery systems and the Osa-M and Gibka air defense systems (using the KUG of the Black Sea Fleet as an example). But judging by the latter, not everything in the construction of naval air defense of the XXI century goes as smoothly as we would like.

So, on September 26, 2016, two very important news came from the Director General of JSC Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant ’’ Kupol ’’ ”Fanil Ziyatdinov, which can be classified as“ good and bad ”. The good thing is that the Kupol plant, a part of Almaz-Antey Concern JSC, is launching a program to update the hardware and software base of the Tor-M2 / 2KM family of anti-aircraft self-propelled systems to realize the ability to intercept small-sized hypersonic elements of high-precision . The Tor-M2 family may be the first mobile air defense system capable of shooting down targets at speeds of up to 1,500 m / s, which was previously available only to systems such as the S-300PS. Military air defense will be endowed with even greater missile defense capabilities of a full-fledged aerospace defense (it is also known that the air defense of the Ground Forces will receive the Buk-M3 with a range of target speeds of up to 3000 m / s). The second news from the general director of the "Dome" causes very conflicting opinions, and refers more to the bad ones.

It is noted that a new ship modification of the Tor-M2KM M-Tor air defense system is being developed, which will gradually replace on various classes of warships the Kortik air defense missile system and the Dagger air defense system. Similar information, on February 2, 2014, was already reported by the press secretary of the general director of Almaz-Antey Yuri Baykov. New combat modules (BM) and launchers will begin to be delivered to the fleet from around 2018. What does it mean?

From such NK as patrol ships of Project 11540 Hawk (Undaunted), as well as large anti-submarine ships of Project 1155 / 1155.1 Udaloy / Udaloy-II, combat modules 3C87-1 ZRAK Kortik-M will be dismantled, as well as the Dagger air defense system, including the 8C 8C 8 revolving vertical launchers and antenna posts of the K-12-1 multi-function illumination radars. And instead of them, on special pedestals, autonomous combat control modules for it will be installed with RPN 9A331MK-1, as well as a certain number of four anti-aircraft missile modules 9M334D with 9M331D SAM, depending on the displacement of the ship. There is no doubt that the process of re-equipping ships with modular M-Tor air defense systems is much less time-consuming and costly than installing “Daggers” deeply integrated into the design, but it’s hard to imagine the level of combat potential of the updated warships, and even more so, after the removal of "Cortik-M". An inevitable decrease in the anti-ballistic potential of ships will follow, due to the irrational location of the M-Tor antenna post relative to interfering with the review of add-ons and the lack of protection of the "dead zone", which was usually carried out by the Kortik-M SPAR.

Let's start with the issue of the irrational location of the autonomous combat module (ABM) 9A331MK-1, and, accordingly, the radar of the M-Tor complex. On the sketches and graphic images provided on the network, you can see a “frigate” class warship, which has one stand-alone ABM 9A331MK-1 module in place of the bow artillery mount, and on its sides there are 4 vertical built-in launchers for 16 missiles, assembled in 2 anti-aircraft missile modules ZRM 9M334D (8 missiles in each). There are absolutely no questions about the launchers, since the vertical “cold” launch of 9M331 anti-aircraft missiles, as in the early VPU revolver, provides all-round shooting at air targets, regardless of the location on the deck of the ship, which cannot be said about the location of the ABM. Its presence in the bow of the frigate is expressed by great restrictions on the sector of operation of the multifunctional radar in the rear hemisphere of the ship. The entire review of the M-Tor main firing radar is blocked by the architecture of the ship’s superstructure and mast devices, due to which about 20 degrees of the azimuth of the ship’s rear hemisphere in the directional direction remain completely unprotected before hitting even one high-speed and intensively maneuvering anti-ship missile.

This means that frigate class displacement ships, most likely, will not have a rear autonomous combat module 9A331MK-1 with a second “firing” radar to work on targets attacking the ship from behind, because, firstly, additional space is needed for the installation of an artillery installation, and secondly, empty sections of the superstructure are also usually occupied by radars for detecting surface targets within the radio horizon, as well as artillery fire radars and anti-aircraft missiles. Antenna posts K-12-1 of the Dagger complex have the most optimal location on the upper sections of the settings, due to which the radio horizon in terms of detecting approaching anti-ship missiles is pushed back another 4-5 km. Without ZRAK coverings of the "Dagger" type, which protect the near air line of the ship, the new "M-Tor" will not be able to recapture the "star raid" of several dozen anti-ship missiles, some of which will be able to break into the 1.5-kilometer dead zone of the complex, and therefore, dismantling them is a completely wrong decision. If we carry out a similar “modernization” at Peter the Great and Admiral Kuznetsov, we get 2 flagships with an absent lower echelon of missile defense, which could ultimately become decisive.

A much more correct solution would be to replace the Cortiks with the more advanced Pantsir-M anti-aircraft artillery systems, followed by modernization of the latter to expand the speed range of intercepted targets, since even deeply modernized M-Torahs capable of intercepting hypersonic targets would be have a "dead zone" with a length of about 800 - 1000 m from the carrier ship. Also, a very interesting option could be the modernization of the radar elements of the armament of the Dagger naval air defense system while maintaining the 4C95 revolver.

It consists in the development of a promising 4-way multifunctional guidance radar based on active or passive headlights, which can be installed in 4 rotary antenna posts located at the upper corners of the warship superstructure to provide the most productive view of airspace. Each antenna post should have the constructive ability to rotate +/- 90 degrees in the azimuthal plane: as a result, this will allow 3 antenna arrays to simultaneously track and capture a large number of targets in a small area of \u200b\u200bairspace. As you know, all existing radar systems, including Polyment and AN / SPY-1A / D, have fixed PAA canvases on each side of the superstructure, because of which only 2 of them can work in the same missile-hazardous direction, which reduces the overall performance of the ship SAM A version with movable radars would fundamentally change the situation. Based on the modular concept of the M-Tor complex, it is possible to carry out such modernization by placing four autonomous combat modules 9A331MK-1 at the corners of the superstructure, but the thing is that they are large enough for ships with a displacement of up to 6000 tons, and therefore it will require the development of a small antenna post.

The naval SAM “Dagger”, as well as the 9M331MKM Tor-M2KM anti-aircraft missile systems are 4-channel, and therefore, for example, in any configuration of the Torah naval system with four multifunctional radars, the number of fired targets will be 16 units, from 12 to 18 of which can be simultaneously fired in one direction. At the MAKS-2013 air show, the Tactical Missile Weapons Corporation introduced a new missile system for the Tor-M2 family systems - 9M338 (R3V-MD). This interceptor missile, unlike the 9M331 and 9M331D missiles, has a 1.2 times higher maximum speed (1000 m / s), a range of 16 km (in previous versions 12-15 km), better maneuverability, and more advanced avionics radicommand control system. The aerodynamic design and geometrical dimensions of the 9M338 have undergone significant changes: from the duck scheme, Vympel Design Bureau specialists have come to a normal aerodynamic scheme with a tail arrangement of aerodynamic rudders and stabilizers.

The most important advantage of this missile is its significantly smaller overall dimensions when the planes are folded, which made it possible to reduce the lateral size of the new cylindrical transport and launch container 9M338K by about 35% compared to the modular square TPK 9Я281 of the Tor-M1 complex. Thanks to this, it is planned to almost double the total ammunition of missiles in the launch modules of all the latest modifications of the Tor-M2 air defense system. It was possible to achieve a smaller, “packed” in TPK, range of rudders and stabilizers not only by reducing their size, but also by placing a folding mechanism: if 9M331 folding mechanism was in the middle of the planes, then 9M338 it is located in the root part.

In addition, according to the statements of the deputy general director of the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern Sergey Druzin, who had previously commented on the training intercepts of the WTO elements of the conditional enemy, the RZV-MD showed the highest accuracy: out of five targets destroyed by 9M338 anti-aircraft guided missiles, three were hit by a direct hit (kinetic interception - “hit-to-kill”). As you know, conventional radio command control can only rarely provide a direct hit of a “rocket into a rocket”, for this either an active or semi-active radar homing head is needed, the radio correction method from an optoelectronic TV / IR sight installed on a BM can also be used family "Tor". The 9M338 missile, as you know, has only the latter, and therefore its high accuracy is also due to the guidance radar with a low-element headlamp operating in the centimeter X-band with a beam width of no more than 1 degree. Even the first modifications of the 9M331 missile launcher had a significant volume of the radio fuse compartment, later on a 9M338 compact compact high-energy ARGSN could also be placed, capable of destroying hypersonic targets with a direct hit even with the strongest electronic countermeasures from the enemy.
It is possible that the further work of Almaz-Antey on the modernization of Tor-M2KM and M-Tor in terms of developing new homing methods (including active radar) will lead to the emergence of more multi-channel naval and military options that can simultaneously intercept 6 and more aerial targets. And at the moment, it’s very early to talk about the complete replacement of the M-Tor combat modules with the universal and unique in combat qualities anti-aircraft artillery “Daggers” and optimized for the all-angle interception of “Daggers”, which have proven themselves well in a couple of decades of use.

"SECOND RESPIRATION" FOR 9K33M3 OSA-AKM ANTI-MISSILE COMPLEXES: REACH TO THE "STYLE"

Despite the intensity of modernization work on projects of promising ship and land versions of the Tor-M2U family of anti-aircraft missile systems, the Kupol plant does not forget about the earlier Osa short-range military anti-aircraft missile systems. Despite the fact that the Osa-AK / AKM single-channel air defense systems are practically unsuitable for repelling the attacks of modern subtle air attack systems, their modernization potential remains at a fairly high level, which led to the development of various advanced Osa concepts by Russian, Belarusian and Polish design bureaus. In his statement to the media, F. Ziyatdinov noted the modernization of the Osa-AKM air defense system to the level of Osa-AKM1, which would extend their operational life for another 15 years.

On October 4, 2016, the self-propelled military air defense system 9K33 Osa marks the 45th anniversary of the adoption of the USSR Ground Forces, and during this “hot” and difficult, from a geostrategic point of view, time period the complex had to prove its high technical level and prestige more than once Russian defense products in numerous military conflicts in the Middle East, Africa, and Iraq. The baptism of fire of the first Osa complexes took place in the First Lebanon War, where several Hel Haavir strike fighters (Israeli Air Force) were shot down, and the Israeli pilots caused incredible fear for the first time using optical-location guidance using self-propelled air defense vehicles using passive of television-optical sights, which is why the Phantom warning system about radiation exposure was often silent, and it was possible to prepare for an anti-aircraft maneuver only after detecting the smoke strip from the turbojet engine of the launching anti-aircraft missile 9 33, often at this time the aircraft was already doomed.

Subsequently, the Osa-AK air defense systems 9K33M2 delivered for Iraq’s air defense, during the start of a massive missile and air strike by the US Navy before Operation Desert Storm, were able to intercept several Tomahawk strategic cruise missiles. This modification was developed on the basis of the Osa complex back in 1975, and even it confirmed the ability to cover troops and strategic objects from single strikes of modern high-precision weapons. Now several Osa-AK trophy systems captured during the battles from Ukrainian military units formed the basis of the mid-air defense line of the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics. In Novorossia, they cover the largest transport interchanges, machine-building and coke-chemical enterprises, as well as the military stores of the BCH in the Donetsk-Makeevka agglomeration from attacks by attack aircraft of the Ukrainian Air Force Su-25.

The Polish version of Osa-AK - SA-8 Sting, at first glance, is a licensed analogue of the Russian complex, but apparently has advanced display equipment for automated workplaces of combat crews based on the LCD MFI, as well as a radio station for exchanging tactical information with other BM 9A33BM "Osa-AK" at the battery level and to obtain information about the air situation from the radar-DRLO and radar detectors of long-range air defense systems of the S-300PS, Buk-M1 / 2 type. The appearance of the radar detection and tracking stations, as well as the missile part, remained the same. Almost nothing is known about the "stuffing" SA-8 "Sting", since this information was not disclosed to the media and amateurs. Obviously, the update was carried out in approximately the same way as during the development of the Russian version of Osa-AKM.

The upgrade of the Osa-AKM air defense system to the Osa-AKM1 level at the Kupol plant is no longer just about integrating network-centric data exchange equipment with other air defense units and installing multifunctional liquid crystal indicators to display data from radar and guidance radar, but also full digitization of the entire element base in the paths of the transmitter and receiver of the radar signal, as well as in the television-optical image converter for the passive operation of the anti-aircraft missile system. Fanil Ziyatdinov noted that the noise immunity of the Osa-AKM1 will be significantly higher than that of the previous modification. After the upgrade, AKM1 will remain confidently competitive in the African and Asian arms markets. In which vector will the improvement of one of the most famous military self-propelled anti-aircraft missile systems move?

As an example of the most advanced versions of the Osa-AKM air defense system, we can consider the projects of the Belarusian scientific and production enterprise Tetrahedron, which is also known for modernizing the air defense system with the infrared guidance system Strela-10M2 to the level Strela-10T, as well as S- 125 "Pechora" to the level of S-125-2TM "Pechora-2TM". These projects include an intermediate modification of the "Wasp" - 9K33-1T "Osa-1T", as well as the most advanced version of the T38 "Stiletto". In terms of hardware, these systems hardly differ, the main differences are observed in the missile part.
The Osa-1T air defense system, which is a deep modernization of the Osa-AK complex, received a completely new three-axle chassis MZKT-69222 with a 420-horsepower diesel engine YaMZ-7513.10, and the Tor- self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system is based on a similar chassis M2E ". Due to this, the power reserve without refueling (with a two-hour combat duty on the position) of the Osa-1T is 500 km, which is 2 times more than the previous Osa systems based on a three-axle chassis BAZ-5937 with a diesel engine BD20K300 rated at 300 hp
Even despite the fact that the MZKT-69222 is not a floating platform, its best traction gives additional advantages at the European theater of operations with wet and soft soil. The speed parameters in the stowed position remained at the same level - about 75 km / h on the highway.

As for the anti-air potential of the new Osa-1T, it is much higher than that of Osa-AK / AKM. So, thanks to new hardware and software with advanced algorithms for radio command control of the standard 9M33M2 / 3 SAM, the probability of hitting a fighter target increased from about 0.7 to 0.85. Increasing the sensitivity of the receiver and the reflected signal converter made it possible to work on ultra-small targets with an effective dispersion surface of 0.02 m2 (the complex can intercept F-35A fighters, as well as AGM-88 HARM anti-radar missiles and other high-precision weapons). Compared to Osa-AKM, the range of interception of air targets increased from 10 to 12 km, and the height from 5 to 7 km.

According to the graphs shown on the Tetrahedron product advertising page, Osa-1T is capable of intercepting targets flying at a speed of 500 m / s at an altitude of 6 km in a range of distances from 3,500 to 8,000 m (Osa-AKM intercepts such targets at an altitude of only 5 km and with a small range range from 5 to 6 km). If we talk about the destruction of the anti-radar missile AGM-88 HARM at a speed of 700 m / s (2200 km / h), then Osa-AKM will not be able to accomplish this task, because HARM speed will exceed the speed limit of the complex. Osa-1T will intercept a similar target at an altitude of 5 km and in the range of 4 to 7 km. The updated two-channel counter-solving device SRP-1 also makes a contribution to increasing the speed limit and interception accuracy, which allows launching two missiles at once on the same target.

In addition to the standard single-stage 9M33M3 anti-aircraft guided missiles, which reach a speed of 500 m / s, the Osa-1T family can also include high-speed bicaliber two-stage T382 SAMs developed by the Kiev State Design Bureau "Luch". After equipping with such missiles, as well as a minor modernization of software and hardware, the complex turns into a radically modernized version of the T-38 Stiletto. Ammunition from the new missiles is located in 2 quadruple inclined launchers with cylindrical transport and launch containers (TPK). The T381 combat vehicle of the T38 Stilett complex can also carry mixed ammunition in the form of a standard triple launcher with 9M33M2 missiles (3) on one side of the combat module and missile launchers with T382 missiles on the other side.

The combat characteristics of the Stiletto with T382 missiles are approximately 35% higher than with 9M33M2 missiles. Strategic cruise missiles such as Tomahawk or AGM-86C ALCM are intercepted by a new anti-aircraft missile at a distance of 12 km, attack helicopters and tactical aircraft of the enemy - up to 20 km, high-precision air attack weapons (PRLR, guided air bombs, etc.) can be struck at a distance of 7 km. If you carefully compare the range graphs for the "Stiletto" with 9M33M3 and T382 missiles, you can notice that the range of defeat of cruise missiles at the T382 is much greater, and the range of work on small-sized elements of the WTO is identical for both missiles. Here the whole point is that the weaker 9M33M3 rocket engine does not allow to realize sufficient speed and range to destroy remote low-altitude TFRs at a distance of more than 8 km, and for a two-stage T382 this is achievable. At the same time, the previous parameters of the target tracking and guidance station (SSC) do not allow either 9M33M3 or T382 to capture the inconspicuous WTO at ranges exceeding 7 km. This confirms the difference between the Osa-1T and the Stiletto only on the rocket. We proceed directly to the review of T382 missiles.

The first stage of the missile launcher-interceptor has a diameter of 209.6 mm, and is represented by a powerful solid-fuel launch booster that accelerates the rocket to 3100 km / h (for 9M33M3 - 1800 km / h). After acceleration to the required speed and “burnout” of the accelerator, the latter is separated, and the marching engine of the combat stage with a working time of 20 s enters, which maintains a high supersonic flight speed even at the final stage of interception. The combat stage has a diameter of 108 mm and is equipped with a 61% heavier warhead (23 kg versus 14.27 kg) than the 9M33M3: it achieves a reliable hit of targets even with a strong missile defense error, in the case of active electronic countermeasures. A compact marching stage with large stabilizers and aerodynamic rudders can maneuver with overloads of more than 40 units, so aircraft that perform anti-aircraft maneuvers with overloads of up to 15 units can not dodge it.

The speed of the target hit when equipping the T38 Stilet complex with the T382 missile reaches 900 m / s (3240 km / h), which brings the updated Belarusian Osa to an intermediate level between Tor-M2E and Pantsir-C1; Of course, this applies only to the speed of intercepted objects, as well as work to catch up with targets, since when reflecting a massive airstrike, the "Stiletto" with 2 target channels has superiority only over the Tor-M1 air defense system - it is also a 2-channel one. The Stiletto also does not lag behind the Tor-M2E in terms of the altitude of destroyable airborne components, which is 10,000 m: it is the altitude range from 5 to 12 km that the majority of upcoming air battles will take place between multirole fighters of the 4 ++ and 5 generation, and here, both the new OsaAKM1 and Stilettos are capable of supporting our fighter aircraft well over their own territory, possessing the ability to covertly use television optical sighters such as 9Sh38-2 or OES-1T.

SAM T38 "Stiletto" with a mixed weapon system (on the left TPK with 9M33M3 missiles, on the right TPK with high-speed T382 missiles)

If the modernization of the Osa-AKM Russian air defense systems is aimed at updating the missile part according to the Belarusian methodology, Kupol will need to develop its own high-speed missile system, similar in characteristics to the Ukrainian T382, because cooperation with the Luch State Design Bureau has been completely stopped today. Its development will not require a long period of time, as well as significant and costly research, since the project of a two-stage bicaliber high-speed SAM missile interceptor has long been available. We are talking about missiles 9M335 (57E6), which is the basis for armament anti-aircraft missile and cannon systems "Shell-C1." The ballistic qualities of the compact marching stage of this missile are significantly superior to the Ukrainian T382: the initial speed 57E6 reaches 1300 m / s (4680 km / h), and the deceleration speed of the marching stage (40 m / s per 1 km of trajectory) is significantly lower than that of the Ukrainian version . Despite the smaller mass and overall dimensions of 57E6 (the launch stage diameter is -90 mm and the march stage is 76 mm), the rocket carries a similar heavy rod warhead weighing 20 kg. The operating time of the launch stage 57E6 is 2.4 s (T382 - 1.5 s), during which the rocket accelerates to maximum speed, due to which it can hit targets at altitudes of 15,000 m. The rocket's compactness, with its unique TTX, was maintained due to the absence of a rocket engine March stage with the simultaneous imparting of significant qualities to the launch accelerator.

The 9M335 missiles used by the Pantsir-C1 complex also have radio command guidance based on the fully digital digital base of the computer and data exchange equipment, and therefore their integration into the weapons control system of the new Osa-AKM1 is quite feasible. Not much is known about the details of modernization, but its potential for Osa-AKM remains very, very large, which is noticeable in the example of the Belarusian Stiletto. A huge number of armies of the countries operating the Osa family complexes, the “club” of which includes the Armed Forces of Russia, India, Greece and Armenia, continue to hold great hopes for upgrading the armament systems to indicators that would defend the 21st century sky along with such complexes. like "Tor-M1" and "Shell-C1", and therefore funding for the ambitious program will continue for more than one year.

Sources of information:
http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/stilet/stilet.shtml
http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/osa_akm/osa_akm.shtml
http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/tor-m2km/tor-m2km.shtml
http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/kinzgal/kinzgal.shtml

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The unique research of Russian scientists and the development of engineers made it possible to create the unique dagger “Dagger” hypersonic aviation missile system, which today, according to independent experts, is one of the best and most powerful weapons in the world. In fact, Russia was the first country to successfully test and begin to use hypersonic weapons, which the United States so far only dreams of, which in turn provides the country's high defense capability and high military potential. What is a dagger hypersonic missile system?

What is a "Dagger"?

Due to the fact that the development of Russian scientists and engineers is unique and secret, genuine information about the purpose and capabilities of the dagger hypersonic missile system is not disclosed, however, it is known that it includes a carrier aircraft and a hypersonic missile. The warhead of the Dagger complex missile can be equipped with either a conventional warhead or a nuclear charge, which allows you to inflict tremendous damage to the enemy. The maximum flight speed of a missile of the “Dagger” aircraft-missile complex is about 12,250 km \\ h, which means that the missile can cover a distance of 2,000 kilometers in less than 10 minutes.

Given the hypersonic speed of the missile’s flight, the Dagger missile system makes the air defense and missile defense systems useless, which is already a concern for the US Department of Defense, as this means that there is simply no defense against modern Russian weapons.

An equally important key feature of the dagger hypersonic missile system is that a missile with a warhead can maneuver in any part of the terrain, which makes its flight inconspicuous.

Aircraft carrier for "Dagger"

Considering the fact that the Dagger aviation missile system is a modern development, the Russian Su-57 fighter-bomber will most likely be used as a carrier aircraft. There is no official confirmation of this yet, however, given the fact that the aircraft has not yet begun to enter the arsenal of the Russian army, it is likely that this model is the best suited for its intended purposes.

Skepticism and Facts

Despite the fact that the completion of testing and development of the dagger “Dagger” hypersonic missile system was announced by Vladimir Putin himself, noting that the complex was already on pilot combat duty at the airfields of the Southern Military District, this statement had a lot of skeptics. Skepticism is primarily due to the fact that the video footage showed signs of installation, on which, a few moments before the rocket explosion, a substitution of the object that was hit was visible.

Of course, this can be explained by the fact that the developers, in view of the secrecy of the aviation-missile complex, decided not to reveal its real capabilities, however, this is unlikely.

No less skepticism is caused by the fact that earlier Russian scientists did not declare the development of hypersonic weapons, and the implementation of the project itself would probably take at least 5-6 years, not to mention the allocation of enormous financial resources.

Be that as it may, given the officially presented data, today the dagger hypersonic missile system is an absolute weapon, and with great certainty, it can be stated that scientists will certainly continue to improve it.