Specially Protected Components of Sakhalin Nature. Reserves of the Sakhalin region. South Sakhalin Mud Volcano

Currently, there are two reserves Kurilsky and Poronaysky in the region, as well as 12 reserves, including Nogliksky, Aleksandrovsky, Kraternaya Bay, Izyubrovy, Krasnogorsk, Ostrovnoy, Makarovsky, Severny, Tundrovy, Maly Kurils, Moneron Island, Dobretskoe Lake, 57 monuments nature.

Kuril reserve
The Kuril reserve is located on the island of Kunashir and the small islands of the Lesser Kuril ridge; in the Sakhalin region. It was founded in 1984, covering an area of \u200b\u200b65.4 thousand ha. The relief of the reserve is diverse, the islands are the tops of an underwater ridge. Active volcanic activity is manifested on the territory: thermal springs, hot gas outlets. Many inactive volcanoes. On the island of Kunashir there is the Tyatya volcano (1819 m), the cone of which is remarkable for its remarkable regularity of form. Monuments of the Ainu and Okhotsk cultures of the Neolithic era have been preserved in the reserve. The climate is monsoon, relatively mild.

Most of the Kuril reserve is covered with deciduous forests of Sakhalin velvet, oak, ash, wild magnolia, and elm. There are spruce-fir, coniferous-deciduous forests; in a dense undergrowth, bizarre interweaving of fern and vines (actinidia, lemongrass, Konye grapes) is characteristic. Thickets of Kuril bamboo and tall grass up to 4 m tall (hogweed thickets) are common at the edges of the forest. About 800 species of higher vascular plants are registered in the reserve. The fauna is rich - 22 species of mammals, 223 species of birds (122 species of breeding). On the territory of the reserve there are rookeries of Steller sea lions, seals (largs, anthura). Of rare animals, sea otter (Kamchatka beaver) is found. Of the rare birds - Steller's sea eagle and white-tailed eagle, fish owl (island population), Japanese crane. Salmon fish spawn in the rivers of the Kuril reserve.

Poronaysky Reserve
The Poronaysky Nature Reserve is located in the eastern part of Sakhalin Island, near Terpeniya Bay and on the Terpeniya Peninsula, in the Poronaysky District of the Sakhalin Region of Russia. The reserve was founded in 1988, covers an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 56.7 thousand hectares, consists of two sites - Nevsky and Vladimirsky. Mountain taiga forests from Ayan spruce and Sakhalin fir, larch forests predominate in the reserve. Representatives of the Okhotsk, Manchurian, North Japanese and North American fauna (over 200 species) and flora (more than 400 species) gathered here. Along the shores of the bay and on the coast of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk there are paths of passage of waterfowl.

The fauna of the Poronaysky Reserve is represented by 34 species of mammals, 192 species of birds (92 species of birds nesting), 3 species of amphibians, 2 species of reptiles. The reserve is inhabited by: reindeer, sable, otter, brown bear. Marine colonial birds nest on the coastal cliffs: fine-billed guillemots, black-tailed gulls, goggles, large and small grooms, old man, and white-bellied. A large bird market is located on Cape Terpeniya. Sakhalin musk deer, Aleut tern, mandarin duck, white-tailed eagle, Steller's sea eagle, osprey, wild boar, peregrine falcon living in the reserve, are listed in the Red Book of Russia.

Crater (bay)
Bay in the southern part of the island. Kraternaya Bay is a small bay on the southern coast of Yankich Island (Ushishir Island). The entrance to the bay is located between Cape Kraterny and Kolpak Rock. Open to the south, protrudes into the island for 1 km. The width of the entrance to the bay is about 300 m. The depth is up to 56 m. The area of \u200b\u200bthe bay is about 0.7 square meters. km On the shore of the bay, Ushishir volcano (388 m), along the slopes of which taiga vegetation grows descending directly to the water of the bay without forming a beach. The entrance to the bay, in contrast to it, is shallow. In the center of the bay are two small islands (37 and 72 m high). The coast of the bay, like the whole island of Yankich, is not populated. The height of the tide in the bay is 1.8 m. The flora and fauna of the bay is isolated from the surrounding nature. Sea urchins are found at the bottom of the bay. In the bay, 6 new species of living things were discovered. In 1988, Crater Bay became a biological reserve.

Moneron Island
Moneron is an island in the Tatar Strait 43 kilometers from the southwest coast of Sakhalin. The area of \u200b\u200bthe island is about 30 square meters. km The length from south to north is 7.15 km, a width of 4 km. The coastline is about 24 km long. The eastern and western shores are rocky, steep (up to 200 m). An island of volcanic origin, the highest point of Staritsky Mountain (439.3 m). Around the island there are small rocky islands - Pyramidal, Red, Oriental, etc. The climate is monsoon, the warm Tsushima current has a great influence on the climate. The largest watercourses are the Usova River (2.5 km long) and the Moneron River (1.5 km long). A number of waterfalls. Forest cover 20% (mainly birch and alder).

There are nesting colonies of seabirds that live mainly not on the island itself, but on the islands and rocks surrounding it, which is associated with the penetration of predatory mammals (fox, sable) onto the island. The greatest numbers are black-tailed gull and dead-end rhinoceros. Northern katurka, Ussuri cormorant, Bering cormorant, Pacific sea gull, etc. also inhabit. On some sections of the coast, rookeries of sea lions and seals are arranged. The influence of the warm Tsushima current determines the existence in the waters around the island of subtropical species of mollusks (for example, abalones), sparse-headed sea urchins, and multipath starfish.

Nogliki Nature Reserve
The Nogliksky State Natural Biological Reserve of Regional Importance located in the Nogliki District was established in 1998. The reserve's area is 65,800 ha. A reserve has been set up with the aim of preserving natural ecosystems in the region where the indigenous peoples of the North live, protecting the wildlife population listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, and also restoring the number of wild reindeer and other economically, scientifically and culturally important species of animals and plants. It is under the jurisdiction of the Sakhalin Management. The main features of nature: larch forests with lichen cover. Geographical location: upper and middle reaches of the basins of the Nysh, Karpyn, Dagi rivers.

This Law is developed in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the Charter of the Sakhalin Region and other regulatory legal acts of the Sakhalin Region.
  This Law regulates relations in the field of organization, protection and use of specially protected natural territories of the Sakhalin Oblast.
The law aims to preserve the unique, typical and positively affecting the natural environment of natural complexes, objects of flora and fauna, interesting natural formations, the study of natural processes in the biosphere, the monitoring of changes in its state, environmental education and education of the population of the Sakhalin Region.

SECTION I. General Provisions

Article 1. Categories and types of specially protected natural territories of the Sakhalin Region
  1. Considering the features of the regime of specially protected natural territories and the status of environmental institutions located in them in the Sakhalin Oblast, the following categories of the indicated territories are distinguished:
  a) state nature reserves;
  b) national parks;
  c) natural parks;
  d) state nature reserves;
  e) on-farm, hunting and forest hunting reserves;
  e) natural monuments;
  g) dendrological parks and botanical gardens;
  h) security zones;
  i) medical and recreational areas and resorts.
  2. The objects of specially protected natural territories of local importance in the Sakhalin Oblast may be declared scientific hospitals.
  3. The Sakhalin Oblast Administration and local authorities within their authority may establish other categories of specially protected natural territories: territories on which green zones, city forests, city parks, protected coastlines, protected river systems, biological stations, micro-reserves are located.

Section 2. Subjects of Relations Regulated by this Law
  The subjects of relations regulated by this Law are:
  a) state authorities of the Sakhalin Region: Sakhalin Regional Duma and the administration of the Sakhalin Region;
  b) bodies of local self-government of municipalities of the Sakhalin Oblast;
  c) legal entities and citizens.

Article 3. Assignment of Specially Protected Natural Territories to Forms of Ownership
  1. Natural parks are specially protected natural territories of regional significance. They relate to the property of the Sakhalin Region and are under the jurisdiction of state authorities of the Sakhalin Region.
  2. Reserves, natural monuments, dendrological parks, botanical gardens, health-improving areas and resorts can be assigned to specially protected natural areas of federal or regional significance.
3. Specially protected natural territories of local importance, located on the lands of municipalities, belong to municipal property.

SECTION II. Powers of state authorities of the Sakhalin Region, local governments in the organization, protection and use of specially protected natural territories of the Sakhalin Region

Article 4. Powers of the Sakhalin Regional Duma
  1. Adopts laws, regulations governing relations in matters of the creation, organization, protection and use of specially protected natural territories of regional and local significance, makes amendments and additions to them.
  2. In the process of consideration and approval of the regional budget submitted by the Governor of the Sakhalin Oblast, it determines the amount of funding for the development of specially protected natural areas.
  3. In accordance with the law, it establishes tax benefits for legal entities engaged in the management, study, protection, and maintenance of specially protected natural territories.
  4. In accordance with the law, it establishes tax privileges for owners, owners, users of land within the boundaries of specially protected natural territories that have restrictions on their use in connection with the observance of the regime of protection of specially protected natural territories.
  5. Approves regional programs for the development of a system of specially protected natural territories and certain categories of specially protected natural territories.
  6. Exercises other powers in the field of creation, organization, protection, use of specially protected natural territories in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the Sakhalin Oblast.

Article 5. Powers of the Sakhalin Oblast Administration
  1. Within its competence, decides on the classification of specially protected natural territories as objects of federal property. Makes proposals to the Government of the Russian Federation on changing borders, on changing the status of specially protected natural territories of federal and regional significance.
  2. Decides to create specially protected natural territories of regional significance.
  3. Manages specially protected natural territories of regional significance, monitors compliance with the established environmental regime.
  4. Decides on the reservation of land for the planned specially protected natural areas and on the restriction of their economic activity.
5. Leads the state cadastre of specially protected natural territories of regional significance.
  6. It prohibits the construction of environmentally harmful facilities, makes decisions on the restriction, suspension, termination of activities of facilities that do not meet the requirements of environmental legislation in specially protected natural areas.
  7. Develops and ensures the implementation of programs for the development of specially protected natural areas.
  8. Carries out, within its competence, in the established manner, foreign economic activity aimed at attracting investments for the development of a system of specially protected natural territories and the rational use of their natural resources.
  9. Exercises other powers in the field of organization, protection, use of specially protected natural territories, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Sakhalin Region.

Article 6. Powers of local governments
  1. Participate in accordance with the legislation in the coordination of issues on the creation of specially protected natural territories of regional significance on their territory.
  2. Submit proposals to the Sakhalin Oblast Administration for recognizing the territory as a therapeutic and recreational area or resort of local importance.
  3. Make proposals to the administration of the Sakhalin Region on changing the status of local specially protected natural territories, on changing the boundaries of local specially protected natural territories and giving them regional status.
  4. Manage specially protected natural territories of local importance, exercise control in the field of their organization and functioning.
  5. Provide financing for the creation and operation of specially protected natural areas of local importance.
  6. Maintain the state cadastre for specially protected natural territories of local importance.
  7. Exercise other powers in accordance with the law.

SECTION III. State control in the field of organization and functioning of specially protected natural territories of the Sakhalin region

Article 7. State control in the field of organization and functioning of specially protected natural territories
State control in the field of organization and functioning of specially protected natural territories of the regional level is carried out by the administration of the Sakhalin Region and specially authorized state bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.

SECTION IV. The economic basis for the functioning of specially protected natural territories of the Sakhalin region

Article 8. Financing of specially protected natural territories
  1. The creation and maintenance of specially protected natural territories of regional significance shall be financed from:
  a) the regional budget;
  b) the regional extrabudgetary environmental fund of the Sakhalin Oblast;
  c) funds of environmental institutions;
  d) other sources of financing not prohibited by law;
  2. The creation and maintenance of specially protected natural areas of local importance shall be financed from:
  a) local budgets;
  b) the regional extrabudgetary environmental fund of the Sakhalin Oblast in terms of costs envisaged for the implementation of environmental measures of local importance;
  c) other sources of financing not prohibited by law.

Article 9. Economic activity in specially protected natural territories
  1. Economic activity in specially protected natural areas is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Sakhalin Region and the regime of the respective protected territory.
  2. The administration of specially protected natural territories and legal entities and individuals - users who are in charge of specially protected natural territories, in accordance with the legislation of the Sakhalin Region, have the right to carry out tourism, educational, scientific, promotional, recreational and other activities, not contradicting the tasks assigned to these territories, in the manner established by the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the Sakhalin Oblast.
  3. Owners and users of land located within the boundaries of specially protected natural territories are required to ensure compliance with the regime established for these territories, as well as to protect in these territories objects of flora and fauna listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of Sakhalin Oblast .

SECTION V. Tasks and Regime of Specially Protected Natural Areas of the Sakhalin Oblast

Section 10. Natural Parks
1. The main objective of natural parks is:
  creation of conditions for the use of natural parks for environmental, scientific and educational purposes and in order to organize conditions for recreation, including tourism.
  2. Natural parks are non-profit organizations.
  3. Management of natural parks is carried out by the Directorate. The director of the natural park is appointed by the governor of the Sakhalin Region based on the results of the competition and is agreed with the territorial body of the federal executive body for environmental protection.
  4. The regime for the protection and use of natural resources in the territory of the natural park and its conservation zone shall be determined by the Regulation approved by the Governor of the Sakhalin Region, in agreement with the specially authorized state body of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection and relevant local authorities.
  5. The protection of natural parks is provided by the management of the park and is carried out by employees of the special service of the park.

Article 11. State Nature Reserves
  1. State nature reserves of regional significance (hereinafter - reserves) - territories (water areas) of particular importance for the conservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components. The objectives of the reserves are: conservation or restoration of natural complexes in a natural state, conservation of individual components of the natural environment or natural resources.
  2. Zakazniks may be legal entities and are under the jurisdiction of the authority that created them.
  3. On the territory of state nature reserves, any activity is permanently or temporarily prohibited or limited if it is contrary to the goals of creating a state nature reserve or causes harm to natural complexes and their components.
  These activities may include:
  a) allotment of land for all types of economic activity, development, collective gardens and more;
  b) main felling and other types of logging, harvesting of nuts, berries, fruits, seeds, medicinal and technical raw materials and other types of secondary forest use;
  c) the construction of buildings, structures, roads, pipelines, power lines and other communications;
  d) commercial, amateur hunting, egg collection, fishing, extraction of aquatic biological resources, other uses of the animal world;
  e) collection of zoological, botanical, mineral collections, as well as paleontological samples;
f) plowing the land, the use of pesticides, mineral fertilizers, plant protection products, growth stimulants and other chemical and biological agents, damage and destruction of ground cover vegetation;
  g) pasture and grazing;
  h) any types of pollution of the territory and water area (including industrial emissions and emissions of vehicles), a change in the hydro regime of water bodies entering the territory of the reserve;
  i) survey, blasting and drilling operations;
  j) travel, parking and washing of vehicles, ships and other watercraft;
  k) arrangement of tourist sites and camps;
  l) other types of economic activity.
  4. Features of the regime of a particular state nature reserve, depending on its profile, as well as the value of the reserve, are determined in the Regulation, which is approved by the administration of the Sakhalin Region (for nature reserves of regional significance), in agreement with specially authorized state bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection Wednesday.

Article 12. On-farm, hunting and forest hunting reserves
  1. Intrafarm, hunting and forest hunting reserves are created by decisions of the administration of agricultural, forestry, hunting and fishery enterprises, institutions and organizations on the lands assigned to them, are departmental, specially protected natural territories prohibited for hunting. Their territories are important for the conservation and reproduction of certain types of resources of the plant and animal world, in which enterprises and organizations of local, hunting, fisheries and other nature users are interested.
  2. On-farm, hunting and forest hunting reserves are formed in order to preserve and restore the resources of the animal and plant world, as well as organize the rational use of these resources. They are formed without the seizure of land and cannot be legal entities.
  3. By the decision of the administrations of agricultural, forestry, hunting and fishery enterprises, institutions and organizations on the territory of on-farm, hunting and forest hunting reserves, hunting and other nature management are restricted or completely prohibited.

Article 13. Monuments of nature
1. Natural monuments are intended for use in environmental, educational, scientific and cultural purposes, as well as regulated tourism and other activities not prohibited by law, if this activity does not entail a violation of the conservation of natural monuments.
  2. The administration of the Sakhalin Oblast determines the legal entity or individual under whose protection a natural monument is transferred.
  3. The features of the regime and the significance of a particular natural monument are reflected in a passport drawn up by specially authorized bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection. At the suggestion of the same authorities, the Sakhalin Oblast Administration determines the enterprises, institutions, organizations under whose protection a natural monument is transferred, as well as the officials responsible for its protection and condition.
  4. The observance of the nature conservation regime of the natural monument is ensured by the owner, owner and user of its territory in accordance with the “Protective Obligation”.
  5. The costs of the owners, owners and users of land plots that have assumed the “Safeguard Obligation” are compensated by extra-budgetary and budgetary funds, funds of the regional extra-budgetary environmental fund, as well as tax and other benefits.

Article 14. Dendrological parks and botanical gardens
  1. Dendrological parks and botanical gardens are environmental institutions whose tasks include the creation of special collections of plants in order to preserve the diversity and enrichment of the plant world, as well as the implementation of scientific, educational and educational activities. Territories of dendrological parks and botanical gardens are intended only for the fulfillment of their direct tasks, while land plots are transferred for indefinite (permanent) use of dendrological parks, botanical gardens, as well as research or educational institutions that run dendrological parks and botanical gardens.
  2. Buildings, structures and premises on the balance of dendrological parks and botanical gardens are not subject to privatization.
  3. In the territories of dendrological parks and botanical gardens, any activity that is not related to the fulfillment of their tasks and entails a violation of the safety of floristic objects is prohibited.

Article 15. Security zones
1. Protected territories of federal and regional significance may have security zones of a status corresponding to these protected territories with a regulated nature use regime.
  2. Protected zones or districts with a regulated regime of economic activity, created in adjacent to other specially protected areas of other categories of land and water areas in order to protect from adverse anthropogenic impacts, are specially protected natural territories and all the rules governing relations on issues apply to them the protection and use of specially protected natural areas.
  3. Security zones are created by the administration of the Sakhalin Oblast on the proposal of the Directorate of Protected Areas, and in the absence thereof, on the proposal of the authorities in charge of this protected territory.

Article 16. Medical and recreational areas and resorts
  1. The territory shall be recognized as a therapeutic and recreational area or resort of regional significance by a decision of the administration of the Sakhalin Region in agreement with the specially authorized state body of the Russian Federation in the field of health care.
  2. The tasks, status and regime of medical and recreational areas and resorts are determined in accordance with the procedure established by federal and regional legislation.

Article 17. Reserve territories
  1. Particularly valuable territories of the Sakhalin Oblast, which form the main natural resource potential and constitute a heritage fund of future generations, provided with guarantees of its preservation, can be assigned to reserve territories of environmental significance. Subsequently, the status of these territories can be changed with the assignment to them of the category of specially protected natural territories.
  2. On the reserve territory, economic activity is limited in order to prevent irreversible changes in the natural environment.
  3. Reserve territories are formed by decision of the Sakhalin Oblast Administration. The order of their functioning, the regime of economic activity, protection, liability for violation of the regime, and compensation for damage are determined by the Regulation on Reserve Territories, approved by the administration of the Sakhalin Region.

SECTION VI. Grounds and procedure for canceling the status of a specially protected natural territory of the Sakhalin Oblast

Article 18. Grounds for canceling the status of a specially protected natural area
  The status of specially protected natural territories may be canceled on the following grounds:
a) the expiration of the established period of validity of this territory, if its extension is deemed inappropriate in connection with the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to it by the specially protected natural territory;
  b) the cessation of the existence of a natural complex or natural object as a specially protected natural area as a result of natural or man-made impact.

Article 19. Procedure for canceling the status of a specially protected natural area
  1. The status of a specially protected natural territory of regional significance shall be annulled by a resolution of the Governor of the Sakhalin Region on the proposal of the territorial body of the federal executive body for environmental protection and in agreement with other specially authorized state bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.
  2. The status of specially protected natural territories of local importance shall be canceled by a resolution of the Governor of the Sakhalin Region on the proposal of local authorities and coordination with specially authorized state bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.
  3. The liquidation of environmental institutions is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

SECTION VII. Responsibility for violation of the regime of specially protected natural territories of the Sakhalin Oblast

Article 20. Responsibility for violation of the regime of specially protected natural territories
  Violation of this Law, the regime of specially protected natural territories or other rules for the protection and use of the environment and natural resources in specially protected natural territories shall entail liability provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

SECTION VIII. Final provisions

Section 21. Entry into Force of this Law
  This Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.

Governor of the Sakhalin Region I.P. Farhutdinov
yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. October 2, 2000. Number 214.

The newspaper "Provincial Gazette", No. 197 (1099), 10.10.00.

Specially protected natural territories of the Sakhalin Oblast occupy 12.8% of the entire territory of the subject. Among them:

· 2 reserves

· 12 reserves

· 57 natural monuments

1 botanical garden

· 1 medical and recreational area and resort

Among which:

· 5 federal significance

· 58 regional

· 10 local

The most significant and popular protected areas of the Sakhalin Oblast are the integrated Kuril State Nature Reserve of federal significance. It is located on the island of Kunashir and the islands of the Lesser Kuril Ridge. The reserve is divided into three independent parts: Northern Kunashirsky - with the active volcano Ruruy and the Tyatya volcano, Southern Kunashirsky - with the Goryachye and Kipyayushaya lakes located in the crater of the Golovin volcano, and the Small Kuril ridge, which is a continuation of the Japanese Nemuro peninsula due to significant denudation. There are 41 species of plants and 42 representatives of the fauna listed in the Red Book. There are also 66 archaeological and ethnographic sites.

The second, no less significant reserve - Poronaysky, also has federal significance. Located in the eastern part of Sakhalin. More than 280 species of the animal world live here, including such well-known as brown bear, reindeer, sable. The most important natural attraction of the reserve is Tyuleniy Ostrov, where one of the world's three largest seals rookery is located.

A comprehensive Nogliki Nature Reserve of regional importance on the island of Sakhalin was created in 1998 with the aim of preserving natural ecosystems, populations of rare species of animals, including wild reindeer.

No less popular for tourist shows is the Vostochny State Nature Reserve, where you can volunteer to support the region’s natural potential, the highest waterfall in Russia is Ilya Muromets (141 m) in the east of Iturup Island, the Limonit Cascade waterfalls on the Chirip Peninsula, Peak of Chekhov Mountain, where thousands of tourists and local residents rise annually. There are also capes and rivers in the southwestern and southeastern parts of Sakhalin Island, where you can swim in the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk, go diving, fishing or looking for amber on the coast. In the Kuril Islands, these are numerous bays, capes, rocks with the ruins of ancient Japanese temples, volcanoes for climbing a medium level of difficulty, from where an unforgettable view opens for photo / video shooting and contemplation of untouched nature. Also on the islands there are several sources that can be used for therapeutic purposes: sulfuric acid, thermal, mud.

Most of the protected areas are located on Sakhalin Island, a third - on the Kuril Islands. All protected areas are monitored, studied and protected for rare specimens listed in the Red Book. Nature is the main and universal attraction of this region, from which we can conclude that the Sakhalin Oblast is one of the few places on the planet that are relevant for the development of international ecological tourism.

For a long time, a person underestimated the harm that he did to the world around him through his economic activities. Therefore, new non-waste technologies are now being introduced, agroecosystems are being built, environmental laws are being approved, Red Books are being written, and systems of specially protected natural territories are being created.

There are six main categories of protected areas in the world.

• Nature reserve.
• Natural monument.
• National park.
• The reserve.
• Protected land and water landscapes.
• Protected areas with managed resources.

State Nature Reserve   is the most severe form of territorial nature conservation. It represents, firstly, the territory completely withdrawn from economic use, and secondly, research institutions aimed at preserving and studying the natural course of natural processes and phenomena.

National park   - This is a vast territory, including both fully protected areas, and areas intended for recreation, recreation, close tourism, and the promotion of environmental knowledge.

Natural monuments   - these are individual natural objects of scientific, aesthetic, cultural or educational significance. They can be an unusual spring, a waterfall, a ravine with rare species of plants, very old trees.

Reserve   - This is a natural complex designed to preserve some types of natural resources with limited use of others. In areas occupied by reserves, certain types of economic activity are permanently or temporarily prohibited

RESERVE "KURILSKY"

1984 is the year of foundation of the Kurilsky Nature Reserve.

The Kurilsky Nature Reserve is located in the South Kuril region of the Sakhalin Region on the island of Kunashir and

adjacent to it

malaya islands

Kuril ridge

Red Book Species of Plants and Animals

• Of the listed in the Red Books, 43 species are found, including mosses, mushrooms and lichens.
• Of the marine mammals listed in the Red Book, 3 species are found - the Kuril sea otter, the Kuril seal (anthur) and the sea lion.
• Acclimatized European mink - a rare species
• Of the species of birds in the Red Book included 31 species.
• Two types of reptiles, common in Russia only on Kunashir, are listed in the Red Book: the Far Eastern skink and the Japanese snake.
• Of the invertebrates - motley aphrodite ("sea mouse"), craboid Deryugin, wrinkled-winged ground beetle and, apparently, several species of pearl mussel.

Unique natural objects of the reserve

• Caldera of Golovnin volcano   - it is unique from various points of view: from the scientific point of view, manifestations of modern volcanism, the uniqueness of the vegetation cover, the uniqueness of the soil; with an aesthetic - a huge volcanic hollow with a mirror lake Hot and mud, milk-colored lake Boiling.
• Volcano Tyatya   It is considered the most beautiful volcano in the world in terms of beauty and regularity of forms.
• Bird's waterfall.   The largest waterfall of the island (12 m), the most beautiful object of Kunashir.
• Bird River   Kunashira's second largest river, along its entire length, is a series of waterfalls. The color of the water changes from blue to crystal clear.
• Group of spawning rivers Tyatina,

Saratovka, Night   - have a special

value as the core of salmonids spawning in

Tyatinsky forestry reserve.

• Neskuchensky sources   . Thermal

hot gas sources and outputs

vlk. Dokuchaev

RESERVE PORONAYSKY ”

The reserve is located in the Poronaysky region, in the eastern part of Sakhalin Island, within the most extended part of the Tym-Poronayskaya Lowland and the southernmost part of the Central Range of the East Sakhalin Mountains. It was organized in 1987. It consists of two sections - Nevsky and Vladimirsky.

• The fauna of the forest part of the reserve is dominated by taiga species with the addition of species characteristic of broad-leaved forests of Primorye.
• Marine colonial birds nest on the rocks: the fine-billed guillemot, the black-tailed gull, the spectacled scrub, the large and small grooms, the old man, the white-bellied bird and others. The large bird market is located on Cape Terpeniya.
• The following species are included in the Russian Red Book: Sakhalin musk deer, Aleut tern, mandarin duck, white-tailed eagle, Steller's sea eagle, osprey, wild boar, peregrine falcon. To valuable in

economically

species include living

in the north reserve

deer, sable, otter,

brown bear.

National Wildlife Refugees

“ SMALL KURILS ” - The reserve includes wintering, nesting and concentrations of numerous species of migratory waterfowl and seabirds and is designed to protect nesting, migratory and wintering birds and marine mammals living in the area, including species listed in the International Red Book and Red Book Russian Federation.

ISLAND MONERON

• Includes a large number of rare plants: Sakhalin sandman, rough bluegrass, Todomoshir ostrich, obovate peony, spruce yew, heart-shaped aralia, Sargent juniper.
• High transparency of water (up to 30-40 m), the action of the warm current, determine the existence of rare species of underwater fauna: abalone, boreal plastaster, giant tugamia, as well as the preservation of populations of commercial invertebrates (sea urchin, trepang) and fish.
• On the coastal reefs of the island are rookeries of marine mammals: Steller sea lions, logs, especially numerous during the spring-autumn migrations.
• Rocky coastal islets serve as a nesting site for seabirds. On the island there are colonies of hatchets, rhino puffin, sea gulls - black-tailed and Pacific, fine-billed guillemots, Japanese cormorants and other species, a peregrine falcon and a white-tailed eagle nest.

"CRUISE COVEN"

• The reserve serves as a biological, hydrological, geological and landscape reserve to maintain the overall ecological balance: preserving the natural landscape, a unique marine ecosystem with high biomass, coastal and underwater gas-hydrothermal sources, as a result of active volcanic activity and the unique hydrochemical composition of sea water in the bay .

RESERVES OF REGIONAL VALUE

• "Northern"

supports the integrity of natural communities, protection of nesting places, mass gathering and resting during the flight of waterfowl and other migratory birds, conservation and reproduction of rare and endangered species of animals, eagles - Steller's and white-tailed, falcon - peregrine falcon, gyrfalcon, small swan, black mallard, large , medium and small, egret, duck - mandarin duck, etc., as well as valuable in household,

scientific and cultural relations of species of animals and birds: brown bear, otter, sable,

american mink, hazel grouse, ducks

"Tundra"

• supports the integrity of natural communities, the protection of nesting places, mass congestion and rest during the flight of waterfowl and other migratory birds, the conservation and reproduction of rare and endangered species of animals and their habitats, the original habitat of the northwestern wild reindeer population valuable in the economic, scientific and cultural relations between species of animals and birds: brown bear, wild reindeer, otter, sable, American mink, hazel grouse, ducks and others, and

also protection and conservation in

natural state forest

communities of northern taiga.

Nogliki

• with the aim of preserving natural ecosystems in the region where the indigenous peoples of the North live, protecting the wildlife, and also restoring the number of wild reindeer and other economically, scientifically and culturally important animal species

and plants.

"Alexander"

• supports the integrity of natural communities, the protection of nesting places, mass congestion and rest during the flight of waterfowl and other migratory birds, the conservation and reproduction of rare and endangered species of animals and their habitats, the original habitat of the northwestern wild reindeer population valuable in the economic, scientific and cultural relations between species of animals and birds: brown bear, wild reindeer, otter, sable, American mink, hazel grouse, ducks and others, as well as the preservation of unique, aesthetically pleasing forest landscapes.

Krasnogorsk

• the protection of endangered migratory birds, as well as their habitat, in order to protect nesting sites and mass congestion during the flight of waterfowl, the reproduction of rare and endangered bird species, as well as economically valuable animal species: sable, otter,

wild reindeer

brown bear american

minks, foxes and others.

Makarovsky

• maintaining integrity

natural communities

restoration of natural complexes

mountain taiga, conservation and reproduction of rare and endangered species of animals, such as: Sakhalin musk deer, white-tailed and white-footed eagles, osprey, fish owl, mandarin duck, as well as species of animals and birds valuable in economic, scientific and cultural relations: wild reindeer , brown bear, otter, hazel grouse, ducks; rare and endangered plant species: obovate peony, aralia heart-shaped, slipper large-flowered, spotted slipper, Kuril cherry, Ezek top, Nippon gentian, Gray bifurcate, Viburnum vigilata, weak lily, Juniper juniper, Juniper mollusk, Sedge juniper , bird cherry Sori

"Manchurian"

• Maintaining the integrity of natural communities, protecting nesting places, mass crowding and resting during the flight of waterfowl and other migratory birds, preserving and reproducing rare and endangered species of animals and their habitats, such as: white-tailed and white-tailed eagles, peregrine falcon, gyrfalcon, small swan, black mallard, large, medium and small, white heron, mandarin duck, and also economically, scientifically and culturally valuable species of animals and birds: brown bear, otter, sable,
• american mink fox
• raccoon dog, hazel grouse, ducks

"Lake Dobretsky"

• maintaining the integrity of natural communities, protecting nesting places, mass gathering and resting during the flight of waterfowl and other migratory birds, preserving and reproducing rare and endangered species of animals and their habitats, such as: white-tailed sea eagles and white-tailed, peregrine falcon, gyrfalcon, small swan, black mallard, large, medium and small herons, mandarin duck,

as well as valuable in economic,

scientific and cultural

relations between species of animals and birds:

brown bear, otter, sable,

american mink, hazel grouse,

"Island"

• the protection of endangered migratory birds and their habitats, with the aim of protecting nesting sites and mass congestion during the flight of waterfowl, the reproduction of rare and endangered bird species, as well as in connection with the acclimatization of the European mink on Iturup Island. Protected animal species: European mink, sea otter, black stork, golden eagle, osprey, peregrine falcon, black crane, Okhotsk snail, shovel, black-necked grebe, gray heron, great heron, white heron, big bittern, white stork, white goose, pigeon , small swan, kloktun, black mallard, chippy crumb, sandpiper, magpie, lapwing, necktie, sea snake, blackhead, mountain snake, Asian snipe, forest snake, garnet, Icelandic sandpiper, sandpiper, white-tailed sandpiper, white-tailed sandpiper , stilt, tegrava, long-eared owl, big goat and others.

Natural monuments

"Okha region"

• Wrangel Islands (integrated)

Formed on 12/23/87   g

Area 85 ha

Protected bird species: Aleutian and river tern colonies, Sakhalin dunlin

Nogliki District

1.Daginsky thermal springs

Formed on 12/23/87 g

Area 9 ha

Mineral healing water and mud

2. Larvo Island

Formed on 05/19/83 g

Area 100 ha

3. Luna Bay

Established September 8, 1997

Area 22110 ha

On the territory of the natural monument, species nest - the Steller's sea eagle, the white-tailed eagle, the wild grouse, the osprey, the Aleut tern, the long-billed fawn. During migration, peregrine falcons, sandpiper shovels, and rednecks regularly occur

4. Chayachy Island

Formed on 02/25/86 g

Area 118 ha

Colonies of nesting 2 species of terns - river and Aleutian

"Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky district"

1. A scatter of agates of the cape and the Black River

Educated 05/19/83

Area 100 ha

Agate placers

2. The gorge of the Oktyabrsky stream

Educated 05/19/83

Area 150 ha

Denudational rocky outcrops on either side of the canyon, reminiscent of the ruins of medieval watchtowers

3. Cabaret rocks with grottoes

Educated 05/19/83

Area 150 ha

Geological phenomena, as well as Sakhalin musk deer

Smirnykhovsky District

• Mount Wajda

Established 05/19/83

Area 600 ha

Karst caves

Uglegorsky District

• Lesogorsk thermal springs

Orazovan 08.23.85 g.

Area 2069 ha

Thermal springs

"Poronaysky district"

• Waterfall on the Nituy River

Established March 28, 1990

Area 28.3 ha

Three stage

waterfall 8 m high

and 12 m wide

"Makarovsky district"

1.Pugachev mud group

volcanoes

Established 05/19/83

Area 1370 ha

On the territory of the natural monument

grow: Sakhalin primrose

(endemic), wormwood silty (endemic),

gentian swamp-loving (endemic), onions of speed (endemic), Sakhalin penny (endemic)

2. Ammonites of the Pugachevka River

Established January 4, 1995

Area 89 ha

Ammonites - rare species of fossil shells, extinct cephalopods of ammonia

3. Rock population

flora

Established 05/19/83

Area 0.1 ha

Stonecrop is multi-stemmed,

japanese thyme, Sakhalin resin (endemic)

4. The population of endemic plant species

Established 05/19/83

Area 0.2 ha

Endemic: wormwood, clay, gentian swamp-loving, primrose Sakhalin, bow of speed

5. Outstanding (vaccinium) vaccinium population

Established 05/19/83

Area 20 ha

Vaccinium population (dyes)

"Tomarinsky district"

1. Tomarinsky pine forest

Formed May 13, 1980

Area 7 ha

Thumberg pine, dense pine

2. Krasnogorsk yew forest

Established 12/28/88

Area 80 ha

Yew spiky

3. Lakes of Mount Spamberg

Established March 28, 1990

Area 1100 ha

Plants: Gray bifolia, Glen cardiocrinum, spiky yew, Sargent juniper.

Animals: Sakhalin musk deer, swallowtail, satir Chashkevich, Japanese nigella

"Dolinsky district"

1. Starodubsky oak trees

Established 05/19/83

Area 11ha

Curly Oak

2. Anna River

Established 05/19/83

Area 3.05 ha

On the territory of the natural monument, 201 species of vertebrate animals live, including 162 species of birds, 35 species of mammals, 2 species of amphibians, 2 species of reptiles.

"Kholmsky district"

1. Kostroma cedar tree

Formed May 13, 1980

Area 5 ha

Korean cedar

2. Cape Slepikovsky

Established January 4, 1995

Area 600 ha

About 200 species of higher vascular plants, 12 species of mammals, 5 species of amphibians, 2 species of reptiles, 80 species of birds

"Nevelsky district"

1. Mys Kuznetsova (zoological)

Established 05/19/93

Area 519 ha

Steller sea lion, red-legged duster, peregrine falcon

"Anivsky district"

1. Uspenovskie cranberry

Established 04/06/95

Area 300 ha

Cranberries as well

medicinal plants:

three-leaf watch, rosemary; berry berries: lingonberry, blueberry, cloudberry

2. Aniva grove of white acacia

Formed May 13, 1980

Area 0.5 ha

White Acacia Outside Range

spreading

"City of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk"

1. Structural-denudation remnant "Frog"

Formed on 05/19/83 g

Area 12 ha

Group of structural denudation remnants

2. South Sakhalin Mud Volcano

Established 05/19/1983

Area 25 ha

Fragments of muddy mudstones, siltstones and sandstones containing debris soaked to clay

upper Cretaceous ammonite shells

age (over 70 million years)

3. Glen's Cardiocrinum (Lily) Population

Established December 28, 1988

Area 4 ha

Cardiocrinum Glen

4. Novo-Aleksandrovsky

relict forest

Established 05/19/83

Area 1 ha

Sakhalin fir, Ayanska spruce, Manchurian ash, hawthorn, colomict actinidia

5. Highlands of Chekhov Mountain

Established 05/19/1983

Area 1910ha

Rare species of animals and plants

6. Verkhne-Bureinsky

Established 02.25.1986

Area 150 ha

Rare species of ground beetles, as well as rare species of plants: yew spiky, Glen cardiocrinum, Gray bifolia, Macropodium wing-seeded

7. Aniva Hazel

Formed May 13, 1980

Area 0.5 ha

Manchurian Walnut

8. Korean cedar

Formed May 13, 1980

Area 2 ha

Korean cedar

"Korsakovsky district"

1. The lagoon "Busse"

Formed on June 7, 2017.

Area 5740 ha

On the territory of the natural monument, anfelium, marine fishing organisms (sea urchin, shrimp, trepang)

2. Korsakovsky spruce

Formed May 13, 1980

Area 10 ha

Spruce glen

3. Ozersky spruce

Formed May 13, 1980

Area 6620 ha

Spruce glen

4. Tunaycha Lake

Formed on June 7, 2017.

Area 23,400 ha

29 species of fish from 13 families. The most numerous are salmon (9 species), cyprinids (4 species), smelt (4 species).

5. Seagull Bay

Established 02.25.86 g.

Area 150 ha

Akiba, sea lion

6. Waterfall Bear

Established 12/23/87

Area 145.7

183 species of vascular plants grow on the territory of the natural monument

7. Cape Giant

Established March 28, 1990

Area 43 ha

Spruce-fir forests of the sea terrace. On the protruding cliffs of the Bench Seal,

bird colonies

"South Kuril region"

1.Vulcan Mendeleev

Established 05/19/1983

Area 30,000 ha

Hot springs and sulfate fields, sulfur outlets with a temperature of 83-870С, rare species of animals, including Far Eastern skink

2. Kunashir shrub relict forest

Established May 13, 1980

Area 0.5 ha

3. South Kuril relict forest

Established May 13, 1980

Area 0.5 ha

Dimorphant, yew spiky, magnolia obovate

4. Lagunozersky relict forest

Established May 13, 1980

Area 0.5 ha

Dimorphant, yew peaked

5. Fellodendrovaya grove on about. Shikotan

Established 05/19/1983

Area 0.1 ha

Sakhalin Velvet, Aralia

high, actinidia colomict,

sumy east

Modern man looks at the world through the screen. This is a kind of average rating. Agree, not everyone has the means to travel. And the world is so magnificent! So we study it through a computer, since now it’s easy. However, is it possible in this way to feel the thrill in the soul that necessarily arises from the contemplation of the stunning corners of the planet? Take, for example, the Kuril Reserve. Who was there will confirm: no films or photographs will reflect the magical essence of this unusual place.

Location and climate

The Kuril reserve occupies a considerable area (65365 ha).

It consists of three islands. These are Kunashir, Demina and Shards. The first of them belongs to the Greater Kuril ridge and is the largest in area. The islands are a product of volcanic activity. The terrain here is mountainous, there are rivers and lakes. The Kuril reserve is famous for its mineral springs. Interestingly, they all differ in chemical composition and temperature. The most famous are the Tretyakov, Alekhinsky and Golovninsky. Since the Kuril Islands are formed by volcanic activity, the relief is mountainous. The rivers here are small, no more than twenty kilometers. Most of them are spawning. The largest is Tyatina (Kunashir). It flows directly along the Dokuchaev volcanic ridge. In this part of the reserve is mountainous. And to the north it takes on a hilly character. The largest in the reserve is located there. This almost clerical description, of course, does not convey the splendor of this place. We add that the climate here is very mild. Winter does not frighten frosts, and summer is hot. The only factor that a person will definitely not like is monsoons. The Kuril reserve withstands winds and hurricanes steadily, responding with only a small rise in water in the rivers.

A bit of history

According to the dry description given above, it is clear that the Kuril Islands are the richest region. That you have not yet read about the plant and animal world! How did it survive among the storms and troubles that have befallen Russia in recent centuries?

There were caring people. Work on the creation of a reserved corner began in 1947. Many prominent scientists talked about the need to protect this distinctive, magical place from destruction. The reserve project was created in 1975. Moreover, this event took place after the signing of an agreement with Japan on the protection of nesting and habitat of migratory birds. Further, the territory of the security zone expanded. In its present form, it was formed in 1984. And, notably, the subsequent devastation in Russia in the nineties did not negatively affect these territories. The reserve is saved!

Nature

Reserves, as you know, are different. The goal of their creation is one - to preserve the pristine corner of magnificent nature. So that the activity of greedy humanity does not affect the wealth created long before we appeared in this world. The Kuril Islands have much to be proud of and something to protect. Mostly the area is wooded. For the most part, conifers grow. But how amazing it is to see tropical creepers among cedars and fir trees! This is just a miracle. Scientists estimate that there are only ten percent of hardwood in the reserve. But they are so peculiarly woven into taiga landscapes that they make this area uniquely beautiful. And in the forest glades of trees takes away space bamboos, forming impenetrable thickets. Grass in the lowlands reaches a height of four to five meters. Where else have you seen this? Kunashir is not connected. Because of this, very rare plant species have been preserved on its hills and in the mountains. Here the so-called vertical zonality is traced. That is, the nature of the vegetation changes along the way to the mountains. If you go from the coast, then broad-leaved and coniferous forests are replaced first by fir, then by stone birch forests, then by cedar dwarf. There is something to admire, freezing in admiration.

Fauna

It seems that the edge cut off from the mainland cannot be densely populated. However, this is a mistake. We will not list the numbers. It should only be noted that the animal is still not fully understood! Science has long been convinced of the similarity, for example, of the insects of the Kuril Islands with species that live in Japan. Only in recent years has it turned out that there are also endemic ones of their own. Today there are 37 of them. Marine mollusks are widely represented in the reserve. They are found off the coast and in lakes. That is, freshwater species are also represented. Shellfish pearls are listed in the Red Book.

Kunashir is also proud of its salmon. Here, the largest pink salmon in the entire Far East spawns, and the Kuril chum salmon leads the world in size. Amphibian lovers also have something to see. Three species of frogs inhabit Kunashir. Fancy reptiles are also here. For example, only in the reserve can one meet the Far Eastern skink (lizard). This species does not live anywhere else in Russia.

Birds and mammals

Feathered nature reserve - a special conversation. The fact is that the Kuril Islands are important on a global scale. They are a resting place. Hundreds of thousands of feathered travelers find shelter and food here. Without this corner, the planet would have lost many rare species. Here are some statistics. In total, 278 species of birds can be found in the reserve, and 125 lives permanently. When winter comes to the Southern Hemisphere, birds fly to the local shores. For example, there are loons and cormorants, swans and rhinoceros puffins. Only ornithologists will understand this multicolored and loud world. We add that the protection of the reserve has truly planetary significance. The islands are a significant point on the map of the feathered world. A few surprising facts should be added. Do you know that there are eagle owl fishers? This rare species nests in the reserve. You can also find here also considered endangered. Among large animals, one should mention sable, chipmunk, weasel and even mink. These animals breed safely in Kunashir.

The significance of the reserve

Even from a short text it is already clear that this world is unique. People are trying to understand what are the reserves, what is interesting in them, what to admire. In fact, not only natural beauties and rare animals are important. We should appreciate the wisdom and work of those who care about these incredible corners of pristine nature, thereby allowing the planet to survive, regardless of the activities of mankind.