How to make a maypole. Maypole is a symbol of love and fertility. And the Lord God grew every tree from the earth, pleasant in appearance and good for food, and the tree of life in the midst of paradise, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil

In the pagan tradition, the cycles of rotation of the Wheel of the Year were marked by the holidays "Vsmi Sabbath". These are eight ritual ceremonies that allow a person to express his gratitude and bring gifts to mother nature; bow to her power and greatness; to praise the eternal flow of time and the beauty of every season.

Beltein is a celebration of the revival of spring, fertility, renewal of vitality, creativity, love and sexuality. Beltein is the second most important Sabbath (after Samhain) and the last of the three spring feast days of fertility, observed approximately between the vernal equinox and the summer solstice (May 1).
  This day, from 30 to 1 per night, differs in that it is a day of strength. Like every Sabbath, it marks the coming of summer. Bright energies. All positive and creative.

Walpurgis Night - Beltain's eve (if celebrated by calendar numbers). The night of the wedding union of the renewed Goddess and the young Summer God. Which is called the Horned Lord or Green Man.

Beltein is translated as "Bela fire" or "bright fire (English -" bale ", Baltic-Slavic -" baltas "," white "). Bel is known as a bright and sparkling, Celtic sunny God. Bel is the father, protector, and spouse of the Mother Goddess.

Beltein has long been considered the lunar festival of fertility, the advent of the Celtic summer, the feast of the ancient solar god Bel (Belenos) and the flower goddess of the Romans Flora (sometimes Beltein is called Floralia). Beltain symbolizes the "death" of Winter and the "birth" of Spring. Beltain begins by lighting bonfires at midnight from April to May, conducting a ritual in honor of the Goddess, dancing, refreshments, and singing of sacred spring songs. In the early morning of May 1, dew was collected, which was used in preparing potions for good luck. Also at this time, cattle usually released from the barn were driven between two bonfires to clean it. On Beltain’s night, they searched for hawthorn flowers to decorate the house, and also jumped over a bonfire bred on a hill. The May pole has always been a symbol of tree worship, symbolizing the Old Norse tree Yggdrasil.

The May pole (spruce, in which all branches are cut down) is one of the main attributes of Beltein's celebration. The long pole was decorated with colorful ribbons, leaves, flowers and wreaths. Young girls and guys held onto the ends of the ribbons and danced around the pole, twisting the ribbons. The circle of dancers was supposed to start as far as the length of the ribbons allowed. Their number should have corresponded to the number of guys and girls. The guys walked clockwise, the girls went counterclockwise, moving towards each other. By weaving tapes predicted the harvest next year. Dancing around the pole was considered an important rite to restore the fertility of the earth. It was a magical experiment in conducting energy: boys and girls danced merrily around a pole, holding onto ribbons, and energy rose from the bowels of the earth, bringing awakening and fertility to the soil.

The Maypole was the central phallic symbol, about 40 feet (12 m) high, symbolizing the growing power of the Sun, or the harvest, god and ripening grain. The young men jumped over the fires, it was believed that the higher the jump, the higher the grains, and since for safety reasons the jumps were performed without clothes, the holiday was joyful and unbridledly sexy.

May tree (Latin Arbor majalis, German Maibaum, Czech Máje, Polish Drzewko majowe, Belorussian May, Russian Trinity birch) - a decorated tree or a tall pillar, which is traditionally installed annually on May 1, on Trinity or Ivanov day in squares in the villages and cities of Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Russia, Scandinavia and other European countries.

The bright holiday of the “good goddess” (Bona Dea) was preceded by a night of revelry of witching powers, the famous Walpurgis Night. The Tree of Life (birch, spruce), affirmed the next morning with magnificent ceremonies, was to show the triumph of a good start.

The shape of the ornaments for the Maypole varies greatly depending on the region. In some places a new tree is planted every year, in others the trunk has been used for many years, but every year it changes its “crown”. In East Frisia, the trunk is stored under water and is installed every year by the first of May. In Germany and Scandinavia, trunks are often cleaned of bark and decorated with colored garlands, spruce branches or paper. In other places, the bark is not removed, and the trunk retains a natural look. At the top of the tree is often attached a wreath (the so-called "crown") or multi-colored ribbons.

In Bavaria, the trunk of the May tree is wrapped in a ribbon of cloth or paper or painted with a spiral strip. The direction of the spiral is clearly established: from bottom to top from left to right. On the sides of the May tree are attached images of everyday scenes telling about the activities of the inhabitants of this village (fishing, farming, dancing, crafts, etc.).

Tree setting

In Germany, immediately before installation, a tree is often carried through the village to the central square or to a restaurant. This procession is usually accompanied by a brass band and many spectators. In the evening, set a tree.

While the audience enjoys fried sausages and beer, young people using long poles try to bring the tree upright. After completion of work dances usually begin.

Depending on regional traditions, May tree at the end of the month is often cleaned and taken to a warehouse. In some areas of Bavaria, he is left for a whole year.

Maypole Abduction

  The abduction of the Maypole on Walpurgis Night is a popular tradition associated with the Maypole, which is preserved by young people. Maypole is abducted according to certain rules. It is customary to redeem a stolen tree. A ransom can, for example, be a treat for all the inhabitants of a village that stole a tree. May tree is supposed to be stolen on the night of May 1.

By tradition in East Frisia, the abduction of the maypole can be prevented if the protection of the maypole touches the tree in time with the hand when the captors approach. If the guard manages to distract, or the abductors have time to touch the ground near the May tree with a shovel three times, then a sign is attached to the trunk informing that the tree has been stolen. Then immediately or the next day it is taken out by the abductors and placed next to its own May tree.

Maypole in Upper Austria is installed three days before May 1 and is vigilantly guarded. In this area, tradition only allows the abduction of an established tree. In this case, the tree can only be dismantled in the same way as it was installed. Tractors and cranes for abducting wood can only be used if they were used during its installation. Sometimes, to protect the Maypole, a real alarm is established and trucks are blocked from approaching the Maypole. Despite all the precautions, the abductions of May trees occur every year. A stolen May tree is redeemed for a few barrels of beer, which the affected tree owners and his captors drink together.

The Bavarian police decided to turn a blind eye to such crimes against May trees. Contacting the police about the theft of the Maypole will be mercilessly ridiculed.

The mayor of the Austrian Linz, Dr. Franz Dobusch, became famous for refusing to redeem the stolen May tree. On the night of May 2–3, 2008, the second May tree, installed on the busy main square of Linz to replace the stolen one, was also stolen.

Maypole and love


  In some areas of Germany, single men plant small May trees - birches - at the houses of unmarried women in the village. In other regions, for example, in Rhineland, the May tree is set by guys in front of the houses of their loved ones. Such May trees are decorated with colored ribbons, while each of the flowers used to have a certain meaning. He also relies on a May heart with the name of his girlfriend, which is cut out of cardboard or wood.

Maypole stands until the first of June, and then the one who puts it picks it up. If a girl likes a gentleman, then he is invited to dinner or give him a box of beer. In other places, there is a tradition according to which the girl’s mother gives the guy a cake, the father gives a box of beer, and the girl gives him a kiss.

In some regions, May trees are not planted by boys, but by girls in a leap year.

There are many holidays in the world. Each country has its own solemn days. Some states adopt traditions from each other, and then celebrate in half the globe. tree is one such case. The ancient Greeks and Romans began to celebrate it. And over the years, this holiday has spread throughout Europe. Now it is celebrated cheerfully in Germany, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Russia, and Slovakia. The traditions and customs of this day are very interesting and varied.

The origins

In ancient Rome, the May Day holiday was called Mayuma. The culprit for this - From the very early morning, people went out into the forests, groves and gathered there young branches and shoots with which they decorated their houses. Merry music sounded on the streets, giving everyone an elated mood.

For all European nations, May 1 is a celebration of greenery, flowers and the awakening of nature. Maypole is a mandatory attribute that was installed on city squares and in the homes of residents. Then the fun began - decoration and decoration. The main role was played by the ragged trunk of a birch or pine. In the middle was a crossbar. Garlands of flowers and ribbons were hung from her. Each resident of the city or village could contribute to the decoration of the trunk. When the May tree was ready, dances and dances began until the very morning!

Customs

There are many customs associated with this holiday. In Germany, putting a decorated tree under the window of a beloved is still considered the highest manifestation of feelings. Every girl is waiting for such a romantic recognition.

In Hungary, comic brides' auctions are held on this day, but many receive real offers of hands and hearts.

In small villages, customs are not at all so sentimental. If residents quarrel among themselves with entire settlements, they need to steal from the enemies a stuffed rooster that is erected on a May tree as an ornament. Then crop failure and disasters are provided to their enemies all year long.

In some countries, May 1 is the day of paying salaries to simple hard workers. They waited with bated breath for this day. To get your hard earned over the year. It was believed that shepherds should not sleep, otherwise the dark forces will lead the cattle. They made bonfires and arranged a celebration right in the middle of a field or grove. If all the heads were intact in the morning, the farm laborer received a salary.

Ah, lilies of the valley

In sophisticated France, May 1 is called the festival of lilies of the valley. The whole city is fragrant with the delicate aroma of these flowers. In ancient times, girls came to dances around a maypole with a bouquet of lilies of the valley. If they handed this set of flowers to one of the guys, then they expressed their consent to enter into a legal marriage with him. That evening, lovers of hearts joined in, everyone was happy, tasted delicious treats and danced until the morning to cheerful music.

In Germany, in ancient times, people on this day wove lilies of the valley wreaths and had fun until the flowers fade. As soon as the lilies of the valley lowered their heads down and faded, they were thrown together in a bonfire and made a wish.

Fertility

The Maypole festival has its roots in paganism. But with the advent of Christianity, the interpretation of this day has changed. It is believed that the Virgin Mary this night appears in a wreath of lilies of the valley to those who are destined for unexpected happiness. Everyone is looking forward to such a vision.

Christian priests wanted to eradicate this holiday, because it happened right on Easter. But nothing came of it. Maypole is a symbol of fertility, the revival of nature from hibernation, life, health. Despite everything, it is decorated every year. The pillar itself - the trunk, symbolizes the axis around which the Earth rotates. And ribbons and garlands are a symbol of the creation of the world. Some interpret it differently: a pillar and ribbons are like a man and a woman who will always be together.

There is another version of the holiday. The night of revelry of sorcerers and witches precedes him - Walpurgis Night. And in the morning, a decorated tree or pillar indicates that good triumphed!

Kidnappers

One of the fun traditions is to contrive and steal the Maypole at night in the neighboring village. There are strict rules for this action. If when the thieves appeared, the tree guards managed to touch the trunk - the tree remains in place. But if they managed to distract them and the kidnapper touched the ground under the tree three times with a shovel, you will have to say goodbye to the attribute of this holiday. The tree is taken to a neighboring city and set next to his. Festivities around the elegant trophy begin.

Some people have never heard of such a holiday. They will be helped to plunge into this atmosphere and consider the May tree photo. In each country, the symbols of the holiday look different. There is a beautiful, sanded pillar, hung with red ribbons. There is also just a stick, on top of which a wreath of young green twigs flaunts. Each of the “trees” is unusual and creative.

The traditions and methods of celebration are different for everyone. But this holiday brings people joy and unity, wherever they live. Therefore, it has been celebrated for many years, and no one is going to refuse such a noisy walk!

BREF

May holiday

The celebration in honor of the reviving nature, rooted in the ancient pagan views, among Western European, mainly German peoples, is timed to the beginning of May. Almost everywhere, on May 1, a decorated May tree sweeps through the village, which is then planted in the center of the village; dancing takes place around the tree. Usually M. holiday begins the day before, on Walpurgis Night (see). With ceremonial rites, May bonfires are lit, through which young men and women about to enter into marriage jump with songs in pairs; then dancing takes place around bonfires. According to popular belief, May lights protect from evil spirits. On the same days, the chosen boy and girl, naming. May King and Queen (Count and Countess), triumphantly introduced into the village, which symbolically depicts the onset of spring. Wed Pabst, "Die Volksfeste der Maigrafen" (Revel, 1864); Manhardt, Wald- und Feldkulte (B., 1875). The Russian people do not date spring meetings by early May (cf. Spring, Semik). Walking on May 1 in Moscow, in Sokolnitsky Grove, is a later phenomenon; in common people it is known under the name of "German camps", which confirms the legend that once upon a time visiting Germans were settled here, who also established a walk. In the XVIII century. M. holidays celebrated in our theological and secular schools, where they entered through the Kiev Academy from Lithuania and Poland; there school M. holidays call. Maiowki, reckreacie majowe. In Kiev, on the "recreational day", that is, on May 1, the students went out on Skavyka Mountain, at the Glubochitsa tract; younger students enjoyed games, students sang editions, played "comedies" composed by teachers of poetry, and uttered "dialogs" composed by teachers of philosophy and rhetoric. In St. Petersburg, until the 50s, it was very fashionable to walk on May 1 in Ekaterinof. M. holiday as a "worldwide holiday of workers", celebrated annually on May 1, arose as a result of the decision of the international congress of workers (Marxists), which met in Paris in July 1889, as a manifestation in favor of establishing an eight-hour working day. Already preparations for the first M. holiday in 1890 caused disagreement among workers (in Germany, the Social Democrats of the Reichstag recognized the celebration of May 1 as optional for their like-minded people); on the other hand, the campaign, in the form of termination of work on May 1, prompted employers in various countries, especially in Germany, to rally more closely. In 1890, the first of May was relatively calm, work was almost never stopped anywhere, and only in few places there were more serious clashes between workers and police authorities. In 1891, in most Western European states, M. holiday was postponed by workers' leaders until Sunday, following May 1; nevertheless, this year it served as an occasion for a large strike of miners in Belgium, for a vivid anarchist demonstration in Rome and for a bloody clash between miners and troops in Furmey (in France). In the following years, the "world workers' holiday" was limited to either evening festivities, or processions and rallies (in some places very crowded) on Sunday following the first of May. More serious clashes with the police took place in Vienna in 1896.

Having gathered all together, the villagers went into the forest behind the May tree. They chose the right one, cut it down and dragged it with jokes and songs into the meadow in the middle of the village. The men strengthened it, cleaned the lower branches, leaving only the top, and allowed the girls to decorate it. Ribbons and flowers were used, and soon the Maypole blossomed in all its glory. The dances underneath it will begin in the evening, and before that they will choose the Queen of May.

The people walked in a continuous stream, already mixing from the column into a cheerful crowd, picking up songs, waving birch branches, carefully decorated with flowers and bows with fluttering ends. The delicate leaves of freshly blossomed birch gave the holiday a smell and color of spring, red bows and ribbons gave the people joy, enthusiasm and fun.

Almost four hundred years and thousands of kilometers separate these two holidays. Only his date is the same: May 1. The first took place in England and was described in 1583 by the Puritan writer Philip Stubbs in the book “Anatomy of Abuse” as an example of a pagan and God-resisting action. The second holiday is my childhood memory of the May Day demonstration. Also a kind of “anatomy of abuse”? But the fact is that I, like many others, May Day is associated precisely with the green branches of a blossoming birch, decorated with flowers and cumaceous ribbons. Ahead of the columns are flags and banners, and behind us are all with birch branches, flowers, and balls.

... and also - a recollection from early childhood: round dance of children in kindergarten, diligent about singing:

  There’s no one to bark

  There is no one to curl ...

This means that there is no one to break branches of the blossoming birch to celebrate the May holiday. This song - "In the field stood a birch" - a folklore monument to the ancient rite.

The ancient rite is a magical rite. Magical numbers, magical holidays ... Some are almost forgotten, some become popular, cope splendidly and almost lose their magical meaning, like Samhane, who in America turned into a clownish Halloween. In fact, the colonists brought European traditions to America, and with them some rites of the old faith. But there it did not take root except for the Halloween carnival. In Europe, old traditions die slowly, and sometimes are kept in the details, when no one even remembers where it came from, what it meant before. After all, this is also happening here. Take, for example, a song about birch, which is still alive. And our passion to light bonfires in the summer after sunset? And there will always be daredevils who dare to jump over it.

Those who try to find the ancient roots of magic rites will surely find out that 5-6 thousand years ago the beliefs and rites of the ancient Slavs across the Black Sea steppes fell on the fertile soil of the Mediterranean coast of the Middle East, the islands of Hellas, captured the peoples of Southern Europe, became the basis of Celtic myth-making, moving already from south to north and covering the whole of Europe, closing the circle. This is similar to a common cauldron in which the ideas of the ancient peoples about the world were fused. Therefore, ancient beliefs and rituals in different countries are so similar. (Below is the Maypole at the Francisco Goya Fair)

From ancient times, the days of the equinox were celebrated as holidays: spring (March 21), summer (June 22 - summer solstice, the famous Ivan's Day), autumn (September 21) and winter (December 22). This confirms the accuracy and high art of ancient astronomical observations. But there were four more days of the year that were honored even more. These are the days when the energy of the Earth’s cyclic processes, changing direction on the days of the equinox, is gaining power, as the moon from the thin crescent becomes in the middle of the lunar month a full, round, bright sky lamp. These days were days of magic in the old days, days of Strength and each had its own name. February 2 was honored Imbolg, on the night of April 30 to May 1, Beltein or the Bonfire Festival came, on July 31 they celebrated Lammas, or the Harvest Festival, and October 31 came the turn of Samhane, that same All Saints Day.

In those days when this tradition was laid down, the most important in all ways - labor and spells - to get from nature another chance for survival, the opportunity to survive another winter. And the basis of well-being was the generosity of nature, which provides food. The main holidays were the spring festival Bonfire Beltein and the Lammas Harvest festival. In the spring they asked for favors from nature and at the end of summer received a reward. How ancient Beltein was clear from the fact that his symbol was a tree, that is, Nature itself, endowing food. The worship of agricultural symbols (sheaf, grain) came later. Beltein was celebrated as the arrival of spring, the awakening and flourishing of nature, providing daily bread. It is difficult to describe it better than Ostrovsky described in Snegurochka. This is a holiday that was celebrated throughout Europe, and which for some reason is considered truly Celtic, as if we had no customs in Ancient Russia to light bonfires on the night of May 1 as a symbol of the Sun conquering winter darkness. The custom of jumping over a fire is also familiar to us. This is not just dare. This is a cleansing of winter filth and the opportunity to receive the energy of a regenerated Nature. She was honored in the image of the Maypole, which survived the winter and dismissed the first tender leaves.

Maypole in Oxfordshire. England

Maypole and the holiday around it are described in detail. From the aforementioned Philip Stubbs to JJ Fraser, who in his famous “Golden Branch” conducted an analysis of the custom of celebrating Beltain in different countries from antiquity to the 19th century. In every country, they believe that the Maypole is their invention, but the fact is that from France to Sweden, from Russia to Scotland and Ireland, the spring holidays with trees, birch branches, the first flowers, dances and jumping over the fire retain their attractive power, although their magical significance has been lost. What was the magic?

Remember the shots of the spring pagan festivity from the film by Tarkovsky "Andrei Rublev". Everything there is riddled with magical mystery: the sounds of the forest, a soft whisper and female laughter, the murmur of water and the rustle of foliage. The clash of primitive, pagan life, merged with nature and love - and religious asceticism; confrontation leading to confusion, they are so incompatible with each other. Puritan Stubbs does not come in shock, he is full of religious indignation: “On the May Day ... all young people, girls, the elderly and their wives go at night to the forests, groves, where they spend all night in pleasant fun. And in the morning they return, bringing with them to decorate their gatherings a birch and tree branches. There is nothing to be surprised, because the great ruler is the prince of hell Satan who is with them and looks after their entertainment and amusements ... I heard from people very respectable and trustworthy that hardly one third of the girls who left ... returned to the forest home just as chaste. ”

So what happened on May night, the sacrament or fornication? Well, to be honest, in the 18-19 centuries and fornication happened. But the truth is that a sacrament is taking place. Each person who came to the forest on the night of May 1 is no longer a simple person, but a symbol of nature, awakened after a winter sleep, filled with vital juices, ready for flowering and fruiting. Beltein participants asked about this: about the revival and rich harvest that Love brings with it. She is born in the magical fire of a bonfire, in a ritual dance around the Maypole, in the choice of Queen May - the most beautiful girl, who in some places is called May Rose. The Queen of May was solemnly married to a Green Man or Forest Man, a man tied from green to green from head to toe. The staging of the wedding was the culmination of the game and was supposed to give an impetus to the fruitful nature. That was the magic. And most importantly, all participants recognized their importance in the revival of the soul of nature: they participated in the sacrament, and it brought real results. It’s like in a saying: the rooster will not sing - the morning will not come. So the ancient people were sure that if you do not meet the spring properly, then you can’t wait for the autumn harvest!

And now about the most important. At the time when the Feast of Beltain, the cult of Nature-nurse and the worship of the Maypole, arose, the only calendar was the lunar. And the Moon was the main one in nature and human life. After all, it was so easy to find out what day of the month is coming: it was worth looking at the moon in the night sky, and you can immediately see what phase it is in. I suspect that several millennia ago the days were not associated with numbers at all, so Beltein was celebrated not from April 30 to May 1, but every year at the full moon, which falls from the end of April to almost mid-May. Gradually, the usual reckoning formed and everything fell into place - by date, but came into conflict with the lunar calendar, so Beltein is not always celebrated on the full moon. But in those years when the desired dates coincide with the full moon, the holiday gains especially magical power. If you look at the lunar calendar, you will find that in 2001, the first year of the millennium, the full moon came on May 7, in 2002 on April 26, and in 2003 Beltain generally fell on the first laziness of the lunar month, and the moon was almost invisible night. In 2004, the full moon was May 3, in 2005 - April 22, in 2006 - as early as May 11. And finally, in 2007, Beltain falls for the first time in this millennium to the full moon: on May 1, the fifteenth lunar day begins. The most magical night, the most festive day.

My advice to you, if you are outdoors this day, light a fire. And enough courage - jump over it. I suppose you don’t melt like the Snow Maiden, but you can gain strength from the fire, the fire will burn away all sorrows and illnesses. And be sure to cut at least one birch branch in the forest, decorate it in memory of thousands of generations of ancestors who did this from year to year. Well, to sing “There was a birch in the field” is up to you, if there is a musical ear!

It symbolizes the world axis around which the universe revolves. A tree without leaves symbolizing change becomes an unchanging axis, or center. The column has phallic symbolism, and the disk located at the top of the column has a female symbol. Together, they represent fertility. Seven ribbons are the colors of the rainbow. In addition, the pillar represents the number 10, and the pillar symbolizes one, and zero is symbolized by a disk and a round dance, which runs around the May tree. Initially, a similar role was played by the sacred pine tree of Attis, which was worn at festive processions or carried in a chariot to the temple of Cybele and placed there for worship. During the procession, men, women and children accompanied her and danced around. Later, this custom appears in Roman Hilarias, or the feasts of spring, and in the celebrations of the Queen of May Day and the Green Man. It is assumed that the ribbons on the Mayan tree are correlated with strips of wool, which hung a pine tree dedicated to Attis. The rite as a whole symbolizes the renewal of life, sexual union, resurrection and spring.

•   - a plant with a perennial, in decomp. degrees lignified, branched or unbranched main stem - the trunk, which lasts throughout the life of the plant, and the crown ...

  Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary

•   - the life form of plants, characterized by perennial lignified stems and roots. D. has a well-defined main skeletal axis - the trunk, which remains until the end of his life ...

  Plant anatomy and morphology

•   - perennial district with lignified hl. the stem, which lasts throughout his life, and the branches forming the crown. Hight from 2 to 100 m, occasionally more ...

  Natural History. encyclopedic Dictionary

•   - Light sweet white wine, flavored with a special flower called Waldmeister. It is usually produced and marketed in the spring ...

  Culinary dictionary

•   - 1) thanks to a successful geogr. the situation in Palestine there grows almost all D. species, usually found in areas with a temperate and hot climate ...

  Brockhaus Bible Encyclopedia

•   - Symbolizes full manifestation; synthesis of heaven, earth and water; dynamic life as a contrast to the static stone; axis and imago mundi at the same time ...

  Character Dictionary

•   - a large perennial plant with one highly developed lignified main stem and smaller branches. The trunk increases in diameter annually; the leaves can be either Evergreen or Falling ...

  Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

•   - a fundamental cultural symbol representing a vertical model of the world, semantically based on the idea of \u200b\u200bbinary oppositions ...

  History of philosophy

•   - perennial plant with a lignified erect main stem - the trunk. It is difficult to give a more detailed or clear definition of this "life form" because of the variety of sizes and appearance of plants, ...

  Collier Encyclopedia

•   - in St. Petersburg; Khabarovsk region. The name of the location in the bass, the May River and its tributary of the Yudom ...

  Geographic Encyclopedia

•   - mast on the ship ...

  Marine dictionary

•   - Yakutsk region and district, pp. May and Aldan and their tributaries. Tungus break up into nomadic and stray; the former are 6 genera, the latter 4 ...

  Brockhaus and Euphron Encyclopedic Dictionary

•   - Manskoye Belogorye, a mountain range in the western part of East Sayan in the Krasnoyarsk Territory of the RSFSR. The length is about 250 km. Altitude up to 1732 m. Mid-mountain relief prevails ...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

•   - in the north-east of Siberia, in Yakutia and Khabarovsk kr., in the river basin. May and its tributary of Yudoma. Altitude up to 2213 m. On the slopes - rare larch taiga ...

  Great Encyclopedic Dictionary

•   - Cm....
•   - See HEALTH -...

  IN AND. Dahl. Proverbs of the Russian people

Maypole in books

MAY INTERMETZO 1943

   From the book Reporting with a noose around his neck   author Fucik Julius

MAY INTERMETZO OF 1943 Today is the first of May 1943. And the one on duty with whom you can write. Happiness! What a blessing to be a communist journalist again at least for a minute and write about the May review of the fighting forces of the new world! Do not wait for the story of fluttering

May May

   From Book Book 3. Between Two Revolutions   author Bely Andrey

May Day May Letter from S.: not to dare to come; 74 in the name of this promise. S. - I hasten to leave; letter from Blok: politely stated reluctance to see me: he holds exams; 75 he called all winter! I'm going to Shch. - not to him; and he will have only one extra exam: short

The tree of future reality and the tree of transition

   From the book The Goldratt Theory of Constraints. A systematic approach to continuous improvement   by Detmer William

The tree of future reality and the transition tree As you remember, a non-standard idea can be expressed both by a description of certain desired conditions and by a specific guide to action. DBD is essentially a laboratory in which we test the effectiveness of our ideas. it

MAY Uprising of 1849

From Book Volume 21   the author    Engels Friedrich

THE MAY Uprising of 1849 The uprising in May 1849, covering the Rhine regions and the south of Germany, was caused by the refusal of most small state governments to recognize the constitution adopted by the National Assembly in Frankfurt. This Assembly never had

“The bird picks a tree. How can a tree choose a bird? ”, Or the art of government

   From the book The Big Book of Eastern Wisdom   the author    Evtikhov Oleg Vladimirovich

“The bird picks a tree. How can a tree choose a bird? ”, Or the art of governing the state. The teacher said:“ When governing a state that can exhibit a thousand chariots, constant attention to business and sincerity in relation to people are needed,

May 11th Army Offensive

   From the book Demyan Slaughter. "Stalin's lost triumph" or "Hitler's Pyrrhic victory"?   the author    Simakov Alexander Petrovich

May 11th Army Offensive April 29 General P.A. Kurochkin reported to I.V. To Stalin about his decision, without waiting for the complete concentration of units of the 34th, 53rd and 1st shock armies, to begin an offensive on May 2 by units of the 11th army with the immediate task of destroying the enemy in the areas of Primorye

3. MAY REBELLION

   From the book The Law of Freedom: A Tale of Gerard Winstanley   the author    Pavlova Tatyana Alexandrovna

3. MAY Uprising General Fairfax’s fears came true. Less than a month later, the Leveller regiments raised an open rebellion. Not satisfied that the country is ruled by officers, that no one is going to establish a new constitution after the execution of the king, that

MAY TREE ON VIKTUALIENMARKT

   From the book of Munich: church, beer, conspiracies and crazy kings   the author    Afanasyeva Olga Vladimirovna

MAYSKY TREE ON VIKTUALIENMARKT Victualienmarkt, 3The word "Victualienmarkt" comes from the Latin victus - product, stock. At first the market was called Grünermarkt (green market), and Viktualienmarkt it became in the XIX century, when Latin names came into fashion instead

May Belogorye

   From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (MA) of the author    TSB

Yudomo-May Highlands

   From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (UD) of the author    TSB

The concepts of “Tree of Life” and “Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil” have a symbolic meaning, or is it really about trees?

   From the book of 1115 questions to the priest   the author    section of the site OrthodoxyRu

The concepts of “Tree of Life” and “Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil” have a symbolic meaning, or is it really about trees? Priest Athanasius Gumerov, inhabitant of the Sretensky Monastery Blessed Augustine writes: “It goes without saying that the following are then the words: And the tree

May morning

   From the book Preserves of the Soul   the author    Egorova Elena Nikolaevna

May morning May morning radiant Shines with amber moisture On the foliage of birch dew, The sky turns blue, The skinny moon sickle melts. At the pond in the treasured grove Friendly bird voices Pure trill, ringing song Glorify wonderful May, Freshness of morning winds And hopes

118. MAY TREE

   From the book Essays on Comparative Religion   author Eliade Mircea

118. MAY TREE As we have seen, trees and plants in general always embody the inexhaustibility of life - which in primitive ontology corresponds to absolute reality, “sacred”. Cosmos is symbolized by a tree; the deity appears in the form of a tree; fertility,

9. And the Lord God grew every tree from the earth, pleasant in appearance and good for food, and the tree of life in the midst of paradise, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil

   From the book Explanatory Bible. Volume 1   the author    Lopukhin Alexander

9. And the Lord God grew out of the earth every tree, pleasant in appearance and good for food, and the tree of life in the midst of paradise, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil "and the tree of life, in the midst of paradise ..." In the midst of all the paradise trees that delighted the eye and feeding the human body, there was one that possessed

May morning Group, blowjob

   From the book Erotic stories of Runet - Volume 1 of the author

May morning Group, blowjob Author: unknownIn the yard was the month of May. My life has turned into a constant thirst. Over the past few weeks, the thirst for sexual adventures has been more like drug addiction. Sometimes it seemed like I was just losing my mind - so much