Alcoholic death. Deaths from alcoholism - causes and statistics. Indications and contraindications to the use of the method
Everyone can die from drunk alcohol, and alcohol becomes both a direct cause of death and an indirect cause. Some “heroes” can drink more than a liter of vodka, and this is a lethal dose of alcohol if consumed all at once and quickly. But daily small doses of alcohol lead to deaths when a drunken person drives a car, smokes in bed, quarrels with drinking companions.
With alcoholic intoxication, the brain works differently, a person commits inappropriate acts that are very at variance with reality. If, before libations, quite normal people were offended by someone, a dose of alcohol fuels anger, drunk people show base instincts, they can mutilate, kill friends, neighbors and relatives.
Not only excessive emotions and an inadequate response to what is dangerous are dangerous, often drunk people die from things harmless to a normal person: electrical household appliances, sources of fire, bathing, severe frost, etc. The drunk person reacts more slowly to what is happening, although it seems to him that everything is normal, and there are frequent cases when drunk people get into a fight, but they don’t get a “fight”. People who are heavily “succumbed” fall under cars, trams and trains due to malfunctioning of the vestibular apparatus, drunkenness often causes frostbite, drowning, and other accidents.
Mortality from alcohol is very high, especially given the voluntary consumption of strong drinks. Cancer, HIV - scientists are searching and cannot yet find a cure for deadly ailments, and people who drink themselves poison themselves, significantly shortening their lifespan.
Mortality from alcohol in Russia
The number of alcoholics in Russia is, according to Rospotrebnadzor, almost 5% or more than six million people, but there are many more drinkers. the number of deaths from alcohol is about half a million cases a year, which is one third of all deaths among men and one sixth of female deaths. All accidents, catastrophes, epidemics, combined, do not give such terrible statistics as mortality from drinking alcohol.
Most of the crimes occur due to alcohol, including murder and suicide. 70% of murders, more than 40% of suicides are committed drunk. The culprits of a huge number of accidents are also "fellow" citizens, and often drunk drivers remain alive, and pedestrians and passengers of other cars that they hit are killed.
If we talk about the non-instant harm of alcohol, then people who drink are dying from various diseases, exacerbated by the action of strong drinks. According to statistics, a quarter of deaths from cardiovascular diseases occur in people who drink, and almost all the “victims” of pancreatitis and cirrhosis are experienced alcoholics.
About 50 thousand people are poisoned during the year, many cases end in death. Official statistics call alcohol poisoning the cause of 3% of all deaths in Russia, but the true state of affairs is even worse. Some domestic scientists conducted studies that showed that doctors often include a cardiovascular diagnosis in death certificates when tests show extremely high doses of blood alcohol. Doctors do this because of requests from relatives or under the influence of officials who do not want the negative dynamics of alcohol mortality in their region.
Official statistics call alcohol poisoning the cause of 3% of all deaths in Russia
You can get poisoned with traditional strong drinks, “busting” firmly and exceeding the dose that is safe for a person, or you can drink alcoholic substitutes, with even worse consequences. Colognes, perfumes, “tormozha”, tincture of hawthorn - all these alcoholics willingly drink with experience because of cheapness, but you can poison yourself with decent-looking drinks. Counterfeit alcohol often falls on the shelves of retail outlets, and it is good if it is simply poor-quality, and if chemically active dyes or methyl alcohol are used, the drinker is threatened with at least severe poisoning.
Help for alcohol poisoning
What to do in case of alcohol poisoning is an extremely urgent issue, because in our country people can be met “on the eyebrows” everywhere, from the dark entrance to a crowded street, and often citizens pass around drunk. Only doctors can provide the necessary and sufficient help, since only a specialist can assess the patient’s condition, but before the doctors arrive, the patient’s condition must be checked.
A heavily drunk person can choke in his own vomit, and you need to clean his mouth, take out his tongue, and then put the person on his side. If you are drunk unconscious, then using ammonia, you need to help him wake up, and then try to induce vomiting. Adsorbents (entorostel, white coal, methadoxyl) are good for getting rid of harmful substances. We also need drugs that protect and restore liver cells, improve fluid circulation.
It is important that you can not put a drunk under a cold shower, force to do physical exercises, since the body in this state is so difficult to control the processes of life, and additional stresses will only hurt. In general, first aid for alcohol poisoning must be provided carefully and only before the arrival of doctors, otherwise it can be harmed.
Signs of death from alcohol
Directly from alcohol, a person dies either in case of an overdose, as from any narcotic substances, or in case of poisoning with a poor-quality product. If you "go over" with a dose, then cardiac arrest from alcohol may occur or a person will fall into a coma, which may not come out. If the percentage of alcohol in the blood is already high, the last drunk alcohol can be absorbed by the body for a long time, increasing its level. A man drank a few piles and turned off - everything seems to be normal, but in a dream, alcohol continues to be absorbed, and you can not wake up.
Signs of an overdose of alcohol are sweating, pallor, impaired pulse, slurred speech, loss of memory and consciousness. When methyl alcohol enters the body, poisoning is manifested by visual impairment, flies, etc. Ethylene glycol contained in antifreeze, solvents causes nausea, vomiting, convulsions, loss of consciousness, and coma.
Incompatibility of drugs and alcohol
The very idea of \u200b\u200btaking medications and alcohol at the same time is unacceptable for a normal person, but alcoholics have their own worldview, and there are very frequent cases when drunkards ask the doctor ten times if they can continue to drink while they are being treated.
The harm of alcohol in the fact that it changes the effect of drugs is sometimes completely unpredictable, and a person after taking the next dose of poison along with drugs can fall asleep forever. A mixture of alcohol with sleeping pills enhances the effect of drugs, excessive drowsiness appears, an altered consciousness appears, a coma is possible. It is highly recommended not to drink alcohol along with antibiotics, since they themselves are quite toxic, and alcohol further enhances their destructive effect on the body.
Cardiovascular drugs under the influence of alcohol cause vascular insufficiency, a fatal outcome is possible. Antipyretics due to alcohol develop an ulcer, and diuretics provoke pancreatitis and heart failure. Strong drinks and analgesics cause tachycardia, headache, etc.
Alcoholism Diseases
Ethyl alcohol, the basis of all alcoholic products, not only easily penetrates all the tissues of the body, but also kills part of the cells in its path, because it is not for nothing that pure alcohol is used for disinfection - it kills all cells. Alcohol dissolves fats, mixes with water, which is especially detrimental to the human body, which consists of water and fats. Small doses of alcohol do not have time to do much harm to a person, but the constant consumption of alcohol-containing substances destroys the internal organs, brain, and nerve cells.
Most alcoholics suffer from myocardial dystrophy, and the disease appears within three to four years after the onset of libations, which is fraught with sudden heart attacks, including in young people. liver diseases, including cirrhosis, are the most common diseases among drunkards. The liver is the first to take a “blow” from all kinds of poisons, it is able to remove most of it, restoring the affected tissue, but regular intake of alcohol changes the functions of the organ, and cirrhosis develops over time, and it is still incurable. Also, alcoholics often experience alcoholic hepatitis, and it can lead to cirrhosis in the future, even with recovery and complete abandonment of alcohol.
Another severe pathology of drunkards is pancreatitis. Almost every case of pancreatitis in men is a consequence of drinking alcohol, when pancreatic tissue is affected, and it begins to digest itself. Mortality from pancreatitis, as well as from cirrhosis, is extremely high. Less commonly, death causes alcoholic brain edema that occurs when taking impressive doses of alcohol.
Alcoholics Accidents
Most reported accidents occur with alcoholics. Drunkards fall from bridges, fall under the wheels of cars, trains, trams, they are poisoned by gas, burn in their own beds from lit cigarettes and much, much more. It is dangerous not only that all the reflexes of those who drink are slowed down, but also the high self-esteem of a drunk person. He is the first to get into a fight, jumps from a height into an unexplored reservoir, presses the gas in a car to make an impression, by all means shows his boldness and daring.
Often death occurs from an overdose of ethyl alcohol in the cold, and the temperature of the most “consumed” person does not seem low, his blood vessels are dilated, but his body freezes faster than in a healthy person. A fire from a cigarette butt is the most frequent case of fire, almost always with one hundred percent mortality, because the alcoholic "turns off" and burns alive. Also, "drunk" is able to fall into a puddle and choke or choke on his own vomit. The problem is that drunkards often take away other people's lives, especially when driving and driving down pedestrians, crashing into other people's cars.
Often among alcoholics, suicides are caused by metal-alcohol psychoses. Usually they appear after getting out of binge, but emotional actions are also possible during drinking with drinking buddies, when a drunk is offended by the words “colleagues” and is capable of jumping out of a window because of a “fierce” offense.
Alcohol is a highly toxic poison that poisons all systems and organs of the human body. With prolonged use, irreversible degradation occurs in the body and the development of numerous diseases. Most of them are incurable, leading to death. Death from alcohol abuse is the main reason for the premature demise of healthy externally people.
What exactly can cause death from alcohol? Alcohol addicts die as a result of complications of various pathologies. But a fatal outcome due to intoxication can also lie in wait for young people who do not abuse alcohol. If the concentration of ethanol in the blood increases at times, no doctor is taken to predict how the body will react. Sometimes, even with a small dose of ethanol, a person already needs medical attention.
According to statistics, about half a million people become victims of alcohol every year in Russia
Death from alcohol intoxication is the most common cause of death due to intoxication. A dose of ethanol that is incompatible with life is on average 250-400 g (taken on an empty stomach for a quick time period). When a person’s body is young and strong, even with a high concentration of ethanol he successfully copes with it at first. But with each next dose, it is weakening more and more.
According to statistics, about 500,000 people die every year as a result of alcohol intoxication in Russia.
Each glass of alcohol taken inevitably brings a person to death. A fatal outcome is formed on the gradual processes of destruction of internal organs. And there comes a moment when fatal alcohol poisoning comes (if for some reason a person, while intoxicated, does not receive medical attention on time).
Stages of alcohol intoxication
The mechanisms that lead a person to death due to intoxication are still not fully understood. Only a chain of events preceding a fatal outcome as a result of intoxication was revealed:
- A significant increase in the level of ethanol in the blood leads to a violation of the heart rhythm.
- The heart stops working in the usual rhythm, creating insufficient blood supply to the internal organs.
- Sudden coronary (cardiac) death (VKS) occurs.
The point of fatal reference can be considered the level of concentration of alcohol in the blood in the amount of 1.5-2 ppm. The lethal outcome from alcohol due to VKS at the moment is in our country 15-20% of the total mortality rate. Moreover, these statistics include people who did not even complain about any heart problems.
In the case when a person suffers from ischemia, death after drinking alcohol can occur instantly, even after a small dose of drunk. There is a very high risk of death the next day after drinking alcohol.
Disease-related mortality
According to statistics from Rospotrebnadzor, in our country the number of officially diagnosed alcoholics exceeds the mark of 4.5 million people. This amounts to about 3-4% of the total population of the Russian Federation. At the same time, only 1.5% of people suffering from alcohol addiction are registered.
Because of the diseases that developed amid regular alcohol consumption, about 14% of women and 30% of men die every year. The most common causes of death are:
- oncological diseases: 20%;
- exacerbation of existing chronic pathologies: 18%;
- alcohol-induced liver disease (mostly cirrhosis): 17%;
- diseases of the cardiovascular system caused by prolonged consumption of alcohol: 14%.
The negative impact of ethyl alcohol on the functioning of internal organs is detected with alcohol consumption, regardless of volume. And regular and prolonged use of alcoholic beverages becomes the cause of fatal degradation of internal organs.
Alcohol affects all internal organs and systems of the body
The following diseases pose the greatest danger to human life (all of them develop due to prolonged exposure of ethanol to the body):
- Genitourinary system: nephritis, acute urinary retention.
- CNS: liver encephalopathy, polyneuropathy, epileptic seizures, myopathy.
- Gastrointestinal tract: pancreatitis, liver failure, reflux of the esophagus, gastrointestinal tract ulcers.
- Cardiac pathologies: arrhythmia, acute alcoholic cardiomyopathy, myocardial dystrophy.
Death from alcoholism can also occur due to the development of severe pneumonia due to a strong weakening of the immune system. Doctors noted cases of death due to exacerbation of diabetes mellitus, gout, impaired carbohydrate and purine metabolism due to drunkenness.
Accidental death
Statistics on deaths from alcohol in Russia includes this rather extensive list of deaths resulting from various misfortunes occurring amid intoxication. Alcohol abuser can be trapped in many places.
One of the most common cases of death is the various falls of a drunk person. People, having lost their orientation, fall on carriageways, railway tracks, from a height and receive injuries incompatible with life.
According to statistics, the number of deaths due to various accidents resulting from intoxication varies from 25-30% of the total number of deaths. The following cases are most common:
- drowning;
- carbon monoxide poisoning;
- falling from a great height;
- overheating or hypothermia;
- getting under the wheels of various vehicles;
- death in a fire arranged by a drunken man himself.
Hypothermia death
Common causes of a drunken person’s death include severe hypothermia. A fatal outcome occurs when the body cools in the temperature regime from + 2 ° C to -20 ° C. When a person falls on damp earth and is without movement for a long time, the heat loss of the body is swift and colossal. This increases overall hypothermia and leads to rapid death.
Drinking alcohol in the cold is extremely dangerous
Drunk driving
People die en masse while driving while intoxicated due to accidents provoked by them. Moreover, this is the most frequent death of young people in their prime. An accident occurs due to the devastating effects of alcohol on the human brain.
Ethanol, destroying neurons and stopping the work of individual brain areas, significantly slows down the reaction. An intoxicated person needs much more time to notice the danger and adequately respond to it. Moreover, a slowdown in mental abilities and natural reflexes is observed due to the use of even low-alcohol drinks.
Death due to incompatibility between alcohol and drugs
Ethyl alcohol is absolutely not compatible with most medicines often used in the treatment of people. There are drugs incompatible with alcohol that cause death, unfortunately, such cases are very frequent and replenish the already sad statistics of deaths due to alcohol.
Alcohol Mortality Statistics
For the development of fatal intoxication, sometimes enough glasses of a low-alcoholic drink, taken against the background of drug treatment. The greatest danger is the combination of alcohol with the following drugs:
- antipyretic: form the strongest ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract;
- cardiovascular: the risk of heart failure increases several times;
- diuretics: increase the appearance of problems in the heart, promotes the development of pancreatitis;
- analgesics: form a strong acute tachycardia, which leads to heart problems;
- sleeping pills and sedatives: provoke severe drowsiness, can cause coma and death;
- antibiotics: they become the causes of the development of a disulfiram-like reaction, against the background of severe intoxication, internal organs fail.
A complete rejection of alcohol during drug treatment becomes an essential safety condition when undergoing a therapeutic course and guaranteeing a cure for a person. But this strict rule is annually forgotten by a certain number of people, and terrifying mortality statistics are replenished.
Particularly dangerous are certain individual drugs that are incompatible with alcohol, leading to death. A fatal outcome can occur even when taking one pill with a light beer. Check out the list of medications that become fatal when used when intoxicated:
| Drug name | Which group does it belong to? | What provokes |
| Furosemide, Lasix | diuretic | global water-salt imbalance |
| Benzohexonium, clonidine | lowering blood pressure | coma |
| Paracetamol, Indomethacin | antipyretic, anti-inflammatory | rapid toxic hepatitis, aggressive cirrhosis, liver failure |
| Metronidazole (or Trichopolum, Tinidazole) | antiprotozoal | severe alcohol intoxication |
| Chloramphenicol | antibiotic | the formation of toxic compounds that cause depression and respiratory arrest, heart problems |
| Trimetazidine | improving metabolic processes (metabolism) | sudden cardiac arrest, extensive heart attack |
Surrogate death
Even the high price, exclusive labels do not always become proof of the quality of alcoholic beverages. You can stumble upon a deadly surrogate even in reputable markets. By consuming such alcoholic beverages, a person is at a mortal risk, because instead of ethyl alcohol they use methyl alcohol. This compound is detrimental to the human body.
According to statistics, annually about 40-45,000 people die from intoxication with surrogate alcohol.
A large number of deaths cause surrogate alcohol poisoning
Methyl alcohol is prohibited for use in the food industry, it is successfully used in gas, fuel production. Various pesticides and solvents are created on its basis. But due to the fact that methanol is practically indistinguishable from ethanol, clandestine businessmen create cheap alcohol on its basis. In addition to methyl alcohol, people are poisoned by adding to the alcohol:
- denatured alcohol;
- ethylene glycol;
- wood alcohol.
The use of alcohol substitutes, even in small doses, causes severe alcohol poisoning. And, in the case of a weakened organism, existing chronic diseases, death due to the consumption of surrogate alcohol comes to a person almost instantly. People are dying, not having time to wait for the arrival of doctors.
All individuals suffering from chronic alcoholism are characterized by extreme weakening of the immune system. Based on this, drinkers sharply increase their susceptibility to various pathologies and dangerous infections. With alcoholism, people die, already being seriously ill, experiencing intolerable torment.
For what reason, the death of an alcohol dependent occurs, sometimes it becomes already and not so important. Indeed, in the presence of this disease, especially in its last stages, the patient loses all communication with the outside world. He does not perceive loved ones, does not understand himself, becoming completely inadequate.
Therefore, the problem of alcoholization should be addressed as soon as the first alarming calls appeared. Without delaying, and even more so, do not let the development of alcohol dependence go by their own accord.
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In medical practice, there are many cases. An overdose of alcohol takes an “honorable” place in the list of deaths. It is imperative that alcohol intoxication can lead not only to poor health, impaired normal hemodynamics of the body and mental changes, the maximum dose of ethanol can cause irreversible consequences for humans, which can be fatal.
How much alcohol can cause death
Often, alcohol becomes the cause of death, for example, when a drunk person gets behind the wheel or gets into a fight. How much alcohol should you drink before death? A lot. Medical statistics show that over the past year, death from alcohol was recorded in 60 thousand patients. This death toll is 6% of the total mortality in our country. Poisoning can cause like elite alcohol, but for severe intoxication and death, you need to drink it much less than a surrogate, which is of dubious quality and sometimes even dangerous for a person in any quantities. Death from surrogate spirits is much more common.
When analyzing such drinks, the “product” often contains components such as methyl alcohol, poor-quality or toxic dyes, and specific additives that form chemical compounds that are dangerous and fatal to humans. When drinking such alcohol, a person will receive extremely powerful poisoning, and given the fact that health problems do not begin after one drink of a glass (a certain amount of time must pass for a negative effect on the body), a person can drink a lot. Death from alcohol does not occur immediately, a person begins to experience certain. First, a person begins a severe intoxication of the body, due to powerful poisoning, and then death occurs.
But not only strong drinks themselves can cause mortality. Ethanol, and especially with prolonged, chronic use, can become the trigger for the debut of existing chronic diseases and various pathological processes. It can be a disease of the pancreas or increased thrombosis, which contributes to. Nevertheless, the number of ppm more than 4 - leads to severe intoxication, and the level of ppm more than 6 - is inevitable to the death of a person. For an adult weighing about 80 kilograms, just one bottle of alcohol will cause death if you drink it in a small amount of time on an empty stomach.
What processes occur in the body with a lethal dose of alcohol
Many people know that when drinking any dose of alcohol, brain cells die. It all depends on the amount of alcohol drunk, but the longer a person drinks strong drinks, the more absolutely healthy cells die. This is clearly visible when dealing with chronic alcoholics - it is difficult for such people to control their emotions, analyze what is happening around them, and even the supply of words for speech will be extremely scarce. How many cells die when drinking alcohol? It all depends on the amount of alcohol consumed and the duration of intoxication.
Important!! In order to achieve the most dangerous dose of ethanol in the blood, after which death occurs, a healthy person will need to drink much less alcohol than an alcoholic. How much can an alcoholic drink before death? Twice as many as a healthy person who does not abuse alcohol.
With an increase in the concentration of ethanol in the blood, a person begins to lose normal heart rhythm, blood pumping is disturbed, many tissues and organs do not receive the proper amount of oxygen and other substances necessary for work. There is a disorder of many body systems, which leads to a shock state. Death from alcohol occurs due to cardiac arrest, as its electrical activity is impaired, there is no normal rhythm, and a sudden organ stop is recorded in about 20% of deaths from alcohol consumption.
In addition, veins and blood vessels expand, blood pressure decreases, and the higher the dose of alcohol in the blood, the lower the blood pressure and the person’s ability to evaluate his condition. The body tries to get rid of the contents in the stomach and begins, and it is important that the person is not in a lying position, otherwise he is threatened with the possibility of choking on his own vomit, especially if he is sleeping. Drowsiness in this state is not uncommon, since the body spends a lot of energy and maintaining a period of wakefulness only consumes important reserves. When the number of ppm exceeds 6%, a person begins to fall into a coma, from which, perhaps, he will never quit.
The number of ppm and changes in the state of the body
As already mentioned, the higher the concentration of alcohol in the blood, the stronger the changes in the state of the body and human behavior. Let's consider in more detail:
| Degree of intoxication | Ppm | Symptoms |
| 1 degree | Up to 1,5 | Improving mood, sensation of warmth in the body, while skeletal muscle relaxes and the feeling of fatigue decreases, and human speech becomes fuzzy |
| 2 degree | Up to 2.5 | Clarity in movements decreases, it is difficult for a person to stand on his feet and move independently, aggression and irritability arise, speech becomes slurred and incomprehensible to others, the amount of perceived information decreases |
| 3 degree | Until 3 | Almost completely lost control over their movements, confused speech, memory does not record what is happening, there are frequent cases of uncontrolled acts of defecation |
| 4 degree | Up to 4 | Normal and understandable speech is completely absent, a person is only able to mumble, there is such a strong loss of coordination that a person is not able to move at all |
| 5 degree | Until 6 | The body’s reaction to stimuli is completely absent, consciousness gradually fades away, breathing becomes superficial, serious disturbances in the heart rhythm occur, and the nervous system is affected. Next comes death |
The number of per mille from 6 and higher in 95% happens causes death from alcohol. At the same time, a person loses consciousness and falls into a coma, pressure drops, begins, convulsions are possible. An unstable heart rate, of course, is not always, but can only be restored in the intensive care unit and intensive care unit.
If it is possible to save the patient, stabilize the state and avoid death, then the person will spend a long time in a hospital bed, since in 80% of cases there are neurological and cardiac disorders.
What happens with a combination of alcohol and drugs
Often there are cases when a person taking any medications at the same time drinks alcohol. If you combine tablets and alcohol, a fatal outcome can occur much earlier, without reaching a life-threatening amount of ppm. In this case, the symptomatic picture of poisoning will be much more intense, since chemical compounds are formed, which even more toxic effect on the human body, causing death. A person acts rather recklessly, perhaps without even guessing what might follow if he drinks alcohol and drugs at the same time. The lethal outcome most often occurs even before the ambulance arrives and it is already impossible to do anything.
In addition, there are drugs that, when mixed even with a small dose of alcohol, give incredibly strong side effects, since ethanol greatly enhances the effects of drugs. With long-term use of a drug in the body, there is such an effect as its accumulation in tissues and organs, which will even more seriously cause side effects.
Important!! Before you decide to drink, remember if you are taking any drugs incompatible with alcohol. In this case, a fatal outcome can occur immediately and, in addition to the resuscitation team, you will not be able to help. Death can occur suddenly and if there are no people nearby who can begin resuscitation measures, the outcome will be fatal.
Moreover, in the case of alcohol and drugs, death occurs not so much from alcohol intoxication, but rather from the effect of the drug. The most common cases are bleeding, increased thrombosis, cardiac abnormalities, respiratory arrest, and seizures. For example, a drug such as melaxen (a sedative and sleeping pill) under the influence of ethanol can cause a powerful sleeping pill. Moreover, if a person drank so much alcohol that he reached a dangerous dose, it can begin in his sleep, which will lead to. Also, respiratory arrest during sleep is a fairly common occurrence. If you take melaxen with alcohol, the likelihood of death increases many times. You should think very carefully first before drinking.
What to do with alcohol poisoning
In fact, no other actions than calling an ambulance and gastric lavage are needed. If a person falls asleep, you should measure his pressure and make sure that he does not choke on his own vomiting. If doctors haven’t arrived yet after self-washing the stomach, adsorbers should be given - Activated or white coal, Polyphepan, Enterosgel, Sorbex.
If a person has a cardiac arrest, it is necessary to immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation, without waiting for the arrival of doctors to avoid the death of a person.
Video
Good afternoon, dear experts. Please help me determine the true cause of death. The husband died on the night of May 7-8, 2016. all his life he suffered from high blood pressure, in 2015 there was a stroke, he was hospitalized.
In the Act of forensic research of a corpse, the cause of death is indicated - alcohol poisoning.
On this issue, I studied some medical literature and realized that it was not entirely correct to establish the signs of death from alcohol poisoning, guided only by the presence of alcohol in the blood and urine, it was necessary to conduct a comparative analysis of other organs.
As far as I understand correctly, there are certain patterns, in particular the presence of hemorrhages in the internal organs. In the act of research presented to me in the descriptive part, I did not find them, but for some reason they appeared in the conclusions of the expert. in addition, given that the husband suffered a stroke and this moment was reflected in the descriptive part of the heart, it turns out that the cause of death was heart failure? against the background of alcohol consumption. Please help me figure it out.
Here is an act of forensic research:
Cadaverous spots are purple-violet, spilled, intense;
Face little Puffy, with a bluish tinge. full-blood vessels, without hemorrhage. Traces of yellowish viscous mucus in the nasal passages. In the oral cavity, a transparent yellowish liquid.
The mucous membrane of the mouth is of a violet color, smooth, shiny, without hemorrhage. INTERNAL RESEARCH. The inner surface of the soft tissues of the head is dark red, smooth, shiny, full-blooded, without hemorrhage. The dura mater is light gray, not tense, above and below it no hemorrhages were found. The vessels and sinuses are full of dark red blood. The pia mater is moist, smooth, shiny, translucent, with satisfactory blood-filled vessels. Under the arachnoid membrane, an excess of transparent cerebrospinal fluid, which performs the relief of the furrows and reaches the tops of the convolutions, no hemorrhage. The brain is dense, on the table retains its shape, weighing 1389 g, the relief of the furrows and convolutions is expressed satisfactorily. The cerebral cortex with a cyanotic hue. The arteries of the base of the large brain are not convoluted, the lumens are asleep, the intima is smooth. The surface of the incisions in the brain is flat; the substance does not stick to the knife, the subcortical nuclei are symmetrical, they are well contoured. Red dots appear on the surface of the sections, which quickly spread out over the surface. The lateral ventricles are slightly dilated, contain a transparent cerebrospinal fluid. The inner surface of the ventricles is smooth, shiny. The vascular plexus is dark red, cluster-like, full-blooded, without hemorrhage.No pathological contents were found in the tanks of the brain. The cerebellar hemispheres are symmetrical, in sections with a clear boundary of matter; a worm without features. The region of the fourth ventricle is not changed, the rhomboid fossa without hemorrhage. The trunk and bridge of the brain without features. The muscles of the neck, chest and abdomen are pale red, shiny, elastic, without hemorrhage. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is shiny, pale yellow, with a lobed structure, its thickness on the chest is 1.4 cm, on the stomach at the level of the umbilical ring 4 cm; there are no hemorrhages. The standing level of the domes of the diaphragm: on the right - 5 rib, on the left - 5 intercostal space. The inner surface of the carotid arteries is light yellow, with single lipid spots and stripes, no hemorrhage and injuries. There is no free fluid and adhesions in the abdominal and pleural cavities. The organs of the chest and abdominal cavities are located correctly. The peritoneum and pleura are grayish-purple in color, smooth, shiny, the intestinal loops and stomach are not swollen, their serous membrane is smooth, shiny. The lungs completely fulfill the pleural cavities, partially cover the pericardium. The tongue from the surface is red-brown in color, the papillary pattern is expressed satisfactorily. On the cuts, the muscles of the tongue are dark red, full-blooded. Entrance to the larynx and esophagus is free; mucosa of the pharynx, larynx and the epiglottis is dark red, swollen ‚ brilliant; under her no hemorrhages detected. In pear-shaped sinuses traces of yellowish mucus. The submandibular salivary glands are lobed, without hemorrhages on the incisions. The vocal folds are thin, shiny, grayish. Esophageal mucosagrayish-violet color, longitudinally pleated, shiny, without hemorrhage; vessels of the submucosal layer are moderately full-blooded. The lumen of the esophagus is empty. The aortic wall is elastic, cut easily, without a crunch, in the intimate few soft yellowish plaques. The inner surface of the inferior vena cava is grayish-cyanotic in color; there is liquid blood in the lumen. The thyroid gland in the form of two lobes and an isthmus, 4.4x2x1.5 each. The glandular tissue is granular, tan, homogeneous, without hemorrhage. The hyoid bone and plates of the thyroid cartilage are intact in the surrounding tissues no hemorrhages detected In the lumen of the trachea and main bronchi there is a little reddish-yellow mucus. Pulmonary pleura thin, smooth, shiny, beneath a point dark red hemorrhage. Light to the touch test. The lung tissue is sharply full-blooded, dark red, homogeneous, dark red blood and a pinkish-red foamy liquid flow abundantly from the surface of the incisions. When examining the pulmonary trunk to the place of its division into branches of blood convolutions was not found; there is liquid blood in the lumen. Cut small intrapulmonary bronchi do not protrude above the surface of the incisions, the gaps are empty, the walls are slightly thickened. Lung mass: 800 g - left and 850 g - right. Bifurcation and paraaortic lymph nodes of a dark red color in sections, not enlarged. The leaves of the pericardium are light gray, smooth, shiny, without overlays. Flabby heart, irregular spherical shape, the tip is rounded, dimensions 14x15x10 cm, weighing 950 g. Epicardium smooth, shiny without hemorrhage, subpicardial fat up to 0.6 cm thick, located on the front surface. Under the spicard no hemorrhages detected. On sections of coronary arteries, it was found that the walls are thin; the gaps were asleep; intima is smooth, shiny, In the initial part of the interventricular branch of the left coronary artery, circular soft a plaque that narrows the lumen by 98% over a 4 cm stretch.The rest of the plaque narrows the gaps by 30-60% and occupy almost the entire area. The heart chambers are slightly enlarged, they contain traces of dark red liquid blood. Papillary and trabecular muscles are embossed, elastic. Chordal filaments are thickened, not strained. Valvular apparatus of the heart is formed correctly. The perimeter of the aorta above the valve is 7.5 cm. The valves and valve flaps are fully closed. The thickness of the muscle of the left ventricle is 2.3 cm, of the interventricular septum is 2.5 cm, of the right ventricle is 0.4 cm. The myocardium is in sections of a pale red-brown color, flabby, brilliant, with patches of darker color. In the thickness of the peduncle wall of the left ventricle, a massive dense patch of gray connective tissue, measuring 13x5 cm, penetrates the entire thickness of the wall without clear boundaries. A site of a similar type in the lower third of the interventricular septum, 2x3 cm in size, also penetrates the entire thickness. The heart is prepared for separate weighing: the mass of the right ventricle is 150 g, the left is 270 g, the ventricular index is 0.55, the adrenal glands are irregular leaf-shaped, 3.4 x 2.5 x 0.3 cm in size. The sections are layered, the cortex is pale yellow, and the brain layer Dun, without hemorrhage. The kidneys are surrounded by copious amounts of fatty tissue. The kidneys are dense, bean-shaped. Kidneys: left - 12x5x4.5 cm in size, weighing 196 g; right - 11.5x5x4 cm, weight 190, Fibrous capsule without damage, can be easily removed, exposing smooth, shiny, gray-purple surfaces. The renal arteries are passable, the gaps are gaping. On the sections, the crust of the right kidney is grayish-red in color, the pyramids are dark red; the border is expressed satisfactorily; the thickness of the cortical layer is 0.7 cm, Cups and pelvis are not expanded, the mucous membrane is smooth, shiny, without hemorrhage.In the lumen of the bladder 200 ml of yellowish transparent urine, the inner surface is light gray, shiny, folded. The prostate gland is dense, measuring 3x2x2 cm, in light gray sections, the seminal vesicles are not crowded. The spleen is elastic, in the form of a flattened and long hemisphere, measuring 11 x 7 x 3 cm, weighing 142 g. The capsule is shiny, thin, wrinkled, without damage. On sections, the spleen tissue is dark red, coarse-grained, homogeneous. When holding a knife gives a normal scraping. The stomach is in the form of a horn, contains 100 ml of turbid, grayish, semi-liquid contents, with indistinguishable food particles; folded mucosa, shiny, without hemorrhage. In the lumen of the duodenum traces of similar contents, Vater's nipple without signs of edema, with pressure on the gall bladder, liquid bile is secreted into the lumen of the duodenum. The gallbladder bed is not swollen, in the lumen of the gallbladder 20 ml of liquid dark green bile. The inner surface of the gallbladder is velvety, the color of bile, The pancreas is retroperitoneal, dense, not swollen, grayish-red from the surface and at the cuts, large-lobed, without hemorrhage, Pancreas dimensions are 18x3x2 cm, the Liver is dense, the capsule is smooth, shiny, without damage, 30x20x14x8 cm in size, weighing 1876. Liver tissue on sections of red-brown color, with a yellowish tint, full-blooded. A fragment of the liver was taken for a forensic chemical study. Intestinal patency is not impaired. A semi-liquid yellowish-greenish content was found in the lumen of the small intestine. In the lumen of the colon, form stool. The inner surface is folded, without visible painful changes and damage. The appendix is \u200b\u200b7 cm long, with no signs of inflammation. Cavities and organs of the corpse smelled of alcohol. Applied during the research of the technique, A standard arched incision was made of the skin and underlying soft tissues of the scalp according to Samsonov. The bones of the cranial vault were opened with an oblique angular cut, the Dura was opened along the line of the bone cut. The dura mater was separated from the bones of the skull. The brain was examined by frontal incisions (Fisher's method). To study the soft Tanya and the internal organs of the chest and abdomen, an incision was made according to Leshka. To open the pleural cavities, the ribs were crossed in the cartilaginous sections, the sternum was removed, the internal organs were removed by a single organocomplex, and they were examined by the Lutelä Aorta method and large vessels were examined by longitudinal sections. For research, the esophagus is dissected longitudinally. The thyroid-hyoid membrane is dissected. The larynx, trachea, main, lobar and part of the segmental bronchi were opened by longitudinal sections. The lungs were opened by plane incisions. The spleen was opened by a longitudinal section. The kidney is opened by frontal sections. The ureters were opened by longitudinal sections. The heart shirt is opened by a longitudinal section along the front surface. The heart was opened by the method proposed by Abrikosov for blood flow. The stomach opened in great curvature. The small and large intestines were opened by longitudinal sections. The liver was examined by frontal sections. The pancreas was examined by longitudinal and transverse sections. Blood (and not indicated from where taken) and urine were sent for gas chromatography to determine the presence and amount of ethanol. Pieces of internal organs were sent for a forensic histological examination: heart-1, kidney-1, lung-1, liver-1, brain-1, pancreas-1, which are fixed with buffered 10% formalin. Pieces of the following organs were left in the histological archive of the department (brain-2, thyroid gland - 1, lungs - 5, heart - 3, kidneys - 2, spleen -1, adrenal gland-2, liver - 1. pancreas - 1, pituitary gland - 1, lymph nodes of the left inguinal region -1) 1.
Preliminary Medical Death Certificate Issued - Heart Attack
RESULTS OF LABORATORY AND ADDITIONAL RESEARCHES. Conclusion: in a forensic chemical study of blood and urine from a corpse, ethanol was detected, in concentration: 3.11% in blood, 4.0% in urine. Forensic histological diagnosis. Severe myocardial hypertrophy, arteriosclerosis, focal substitution and diffuse small and medium focal cardiosclerosis with foci of pyomatosis, single small granuloma in the myocardial stroma. Arteriosclerosis of the brain. Arterioarteriolosclerosis of the kidneys. Chronic hepatitis, diffuse fatty degeneration, hepatocyton, sclerosis of the interlobular arteries of the liver. Edema of the brain With a single diapedetic and perivascular hemorrhage in the brain tissue. Paretic venous capillary plethora of organs With rheological disorders.
FORENSIC DIAGNOSIS: The underlying disease. Alcohol poisoning: detection in a forensic chemical study of ethyl alcohol IN CONCENTRATION: IN BLOOD - 3.1% o, In urine - 4.0%; Edema of the mucous larynx and pharynx; cyanosis of the cerebral cortex; cyanosis And puffiness of the face.
Complications: cerebral edema. Pulmonary edema.
Accompanying illnesses. Postinfarction transmural cardiosclerosis
the front wall of the left ventricle and interventricular septum; small focal cardiosclerosis; atherosclerosis of coronary arteries (stage IV stage 3 degrees, stenosis more than 90%). Atherosclerosis of the aorta (stage II, 1 degree). Fatty degeneration of the liver. Arterioarteriolo-
nephrosclerosis. General obesity.
conclusion:
1. Death occurred from poisoning with ethyl alcohol, as evidenced by the presence of morphological signs and detection during forensic examination in the blood AND URINE OF ETHYL alcohol, in a concentration of: IN BLOOD - 3.1% o, In urine - 4.0% by additional methods research.
In everyday consciousness, there is a belief that only cirrhosis of the liver poses a threat to the health of a chronic alcoholic.However, an alcoholic may die from other diseases that await him on the path to alcoholism. These diseases visit the patient much earlier and pose no less severe danger to his body than cirrhosis of the liver. So what threatens, in the final analysis, to a person who abuses alcohol?
Alcoholic hepatitis. It's still the same diffusion the inflammatory process in the liver tissue, be it simply hepatitis, however, the cause of alcoholic hepatitis is the result of toxic liver damage by alcohol and its decomposition products.In addition, alcoholic hepatitis in most cases, as a rule,can lead to a number of serious complications in the human body, the most common of them are acute liver failure, or hepatic coma. With regular, excessive use of alcohol, alcoholic hepatitis can manifest itself after 5-7 years. In patients with alcoholic hepatitismarked weakness, anorexia, dull pain in the right hypochondrium, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, jaundice; the latter is not accompanied by skin itching. Approximately half of patients have a remitting or persistent fever, often reaching febrile numbers.
Alcoholic pancreatitis. In other words, pancreatic replacement, caused as it is not difficult to guess all the same alcohol. In this case, chronic alcohol poisoning leads to the development of acute pancreatitis. From this disease in the late 1990s, up to 10% of patients died. In some cases, when an alcoholic is binge (often a week of binge is enough), pancreatic inflammation can be complicated by pancreatic necrosis, which is one of the mostsevere diseases among all pathologies of the abdominal organs. With this disease, the defense mechanisms are violated, and the pancreas begins to digest itself, which leads to necrosis (necrosis) of its individual sections. For patients with alcoholic pancreatitispain in the upper abdomen, often of a girdling nature, is characteristic, the pain is accompanied by nausea, vomiting. Sometimes the pain is so intense that patients lose consciousness.
Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy: diffusion damage to the heart muscle, the reason is alcohol. It manifests itself in the form of progressive heart failure, can also be accompanied by myocardial ischemia. With regular abuse of alcohol, cardiomyopathy appears within a few years. And with a probability of about 75%, death from this disease occurs within three years.
Stroke and heart attack. Very often people who abuse alcohol die from a heart attack or stroke. And this is not surprising, because with chronic drinking, there is a significant change in the walls of the blood vessels, which in turn leads to the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, as well as to sclerosis of the vessels of the heart and brain.
Poisoning. A significant number of deaths of alcoholics still occurs from such an external factor as a poor-quality alcoholic beverage. However, you can poison yourself from high-quality alcoholic beverages.It all depends in most cases on the amount drunk. After all, a lethal dose of ethanol with a single dose for an unusual organism is on average 300-400 ml of 96 percent alcohol. In modern Russia, tens of thousands of people die every year from alcohol poisoning.
