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Russian language test 11 Unified State Exam

Unified State Exam 2018. Russian language. Typical test tasks. 14 task options.

M.: 2018. - 136 p. M.: 2018. - 256 p.

The authors of the assignments are specialists who are directly involved in the development of Unified State Exam assignments. Typical test tasks in the Russian language contain 14 variant sets of tasks, compiled taking into account all the requirements of the Unified State Exam in 2018. The purpose of the manual is to provide readers with complete information about the structure and content of CIM in the Russian language, the degree of difficulty of tasks. The collection contains answers to all test options and provides a detailed explanation of how to complete tasks in one option. In addition, samples of forms used in the Unified State Exam for recording answers are provided. The manual is addressed to high school students for self-preparation and self-control, as well as teachers to prepare students for the Russian language exam.

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CONTENT
Instructions for performing work 5
Option 1
Part 1 9
Part 2 24
Option 2
Part 1 25
Part 2 40
Option 3
Part 1 42
Part 2 56
Option 4
Part 1 57
Part 2 72
Option 5
Part 1 74
Part 2 89
Option 6
Part 1 91
Part 2 106
Option 7
Part 1 108
Part 2 123
Option 8
Part 1 125
Part 2 140
Option 9
Part 1 142
Part 2 157
Option 10
Part 1 159
Part 2 173
Option 11
Part 1 175
Part 2 189
Option 12
Part 1 191
Part 2 205
Option 13
Part 1 206
Part 2 221
Option 14
Part 1 222
Part 2 235
Replies 237
Information about texts 242

The examination paper consists of two parts containing 25 tasks. Part 1 contains 24 tasks, part 2 contains one task.
3.5 hours (210 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work in the Russian language.
The answers to tasks 1-24 are a figure (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers). Write your answer in the answer field in the text of the work, and then transfer it using the samples below to answer form No. 1.
Task 25 of part 2 is an essay based on the text read. This task is completed on answer sheet No. 2.
All Unified State Exam forms are filled out in bright black ink. You can use a gel, capillary or fountain pen.
When completing assignments, you can use a draft. Entries in the draft are not taken into account when grading work.
The points you receive for completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most points.

Secondary general education

Russian language

Analysis of the early version of the Unified State Exam 2018 in the Russian language

We present to your attention the early version of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language, offered to graduates during the exam at the end of March. For you, we have prepared an analysis of the FIPI tasks that were on the early Unified State Exam in Russian, with answers, as well as a selection of previously published materials to help philologists prepare for exams and a number of manuals that will help you successfully pass the Unified State Exam in Russian.

Part 1

Read the text and complete tasks 1–3.

(1) Astronomy, like all other sciences, arose from the practical needs of man. (2) With the development of society, astronomy was faced with more and more new tasks, the solution of which required more advanced observation methods and more accurate calculation methods. (3)<...>Gradually, the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

The practical needs of man led to the emergence of astronomy, which developed independently of the development of human society.

The emergence and development of astronomy is closely related to the practical needs of man, requiring more advanced methods of observation and calculation methods, in connection with which the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and more advanced mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.

With the development of human society, astronomy was faced with tasks that required more advanced observation methods and more accurate calculation methods.

The origin and development of astronomy is explained by human needs, which required more advanced methods of observation and calculation methods, for which astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.

The creation of the simplest astronomical instruments and the improvement of mathematical methods for processing observations led to the development of astronomy.

Completing the task:
It is recommended to find two identical statements before reading the text. To do this, you first need to highlight the keywords. In this task, options 2 and 4 are almost completely identical. But you should still read the text itself to check the answer and move on to task 2.

Answer: 2, 4

The manual is intended for graduates of educational organizations and applicants. It contains practical training materials that provide high-quality preparation for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The manual includes 40 versions of examination papers compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Unified State Exam. 1000 tasks of all types and difficulty levels are provided with answers for self-test. The materials of the manual can be used by teachers of educational organizations to conduct lessons on repetition and control of knowledge, skills and abilities on all topics of the Russian language course included in the control measuring materials for the Unified State Exam.

2. Which of the following words (combination of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

After all
That's why
Although
Despite this,
However

Completing the task:
If it is difficult to grasp the shades of meaning of the auxiliary parts of speech, then a hint can be found in the previous task. It is easy to guess that the combination of words “in connection with which” replaces the meaning of the word “therefore”.

Answer: therefore

3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word SOCIETY. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

SOCIETY, -a, cf.

Among the nobility: a narrow circle of selected people. Accepted in society. Be in society.

A voluntary, permanent association of people to achieve a goal. O. book lovers. All-Russian o. nature conservation. Sports societies.

This or that environment of people, company. Get into a bad place. The soul of society.

A set of people united by historically determined social forms of joint life and activity. Feudal o. Capitalist o.

someone or something Living together with someone. To shun someone's. society. In the company of old friends.

Completing the task:
Words with multiple meanings in each text are used, as a rule, only in one of their meanings (unless, of course, the author tried to create a play on words). In order to understand in what meaning the word “society” is used in the sentence “With the development of society, more and more new tasks were put forward for astronomy,” we highlight the key words in each of the five interpretations. The fifth point definitely does not suit us: we are talking about the development of society, and staying together cannot develop. The first four meanings can be grouped according to a common feature - the unification of people. If the text talks about a change in science, then it means a long period of time. A narrow circle of the chosen (point 1), a voluntary association (point 2) and a company (point 3) could not last so long. As the only correct one, only option 4 remains.

Answer: 4

4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

mosaic
It will make it easier
convening
locked
facilities

Completing the task:
Most likely, in the exam you will have to choose from the words “mosaic” and “facilitate”. It can be confusing to hear that many people say it will make it easier. In this case, when performing this task, it is appropriate to remember the poem: “We must treat wounds in order to alleviate suffering,”
And, of course, don’t forget that verbs often have stress on the last syllable.

Answer: mosaic

5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

When the young specialist was given the floor, there was silence in the hall.
The forward scored two goals and made one assist.
The goal of the program is to expand the opportunities of talented students for professional growth and INVENTIVE activities.
During heavy rain, the barrels in the garden OVERFLOW with water.
The wonderful role of the GREAT actor brought him nationwide love and fame.

Completing the task:
The word “inventive” can only be used in relation to a person: an inventive student. Activity can be inventive.
Let us recall the meanings of these paronyms - words that are similar in sound and morphemic composition, but differ in lexical meaning:

Inventive- resourceful, quick to invent, capable of inventing: inventive housewife, inventive craftsman, inventive child.
Inventive- related to invention, to the inventor: invention bureau, law, creativity, competition.

Answer: inventive

6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

Get well soon
BAKE A pie
BOTH tables
Foliage sways
famous CONSTRUCTORS

Completing the task:
The word "tables" is masculine, and the form "both" is suitable for it. For “shelves” or “couches” the form “both” would be suitable, since these words are feminine.
It’s hard to make a mistake with the word “designer” - almost no one says that.
Spelling the words “speedy” and “waves” doesn’t seem difficult, because that’s what we say. But there is clearly a mistake in the word “bake”.
Let's remember:
When conjugating the verb BAKE, the correct form is: BAKE. At the same time: BAKE, BAKE, BAKE, BAKE.

Answer: bake

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Grammatical errors:

A) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase

D) violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases

D) violation of the aspectual-temporal correlation of verb forms of the Sentence

Offers:

1) Only after arriving at the unit, we received permission to move in.

2) The article talks about ancient culture, as well as modern art.

3) Russian teachers annually hold professional competitions, during which they share their accumulated work experience with each other.

4) There weren’t that many people who didn’t visit the art gallery.

5) The buds of carnations, which had not yet fully blossomed, swayed on thin legs.

6) Thanks to the use of innovative technologies, the quality of products has significantly increased.

7) The confidence that any newborn necessarily speaks some language has given rise to a whole chain of experiments.

8) The young performer not only loved classical music, but also jazz.

9) Having changed the name of the play, a new poster was prepared.

Completing the task:
It is best to solve this task gradually: by eliminating simple and accurate answer options.
First, let's figure out what is easiest to find.
Point A is an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members. This formulation fits many variants of errors that are associated with homogeneous members. Therefore, it is not worth starting implementation from this point.

It is best to start with point B - incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition. Most often, the correct answer is given by the prepositions thanks to, according to, in spite of, in spite of, which require the dative case form. Other derivative prepositions are more rare: upon arrival, upon departure. And in paragraph 6 we see: “Through use.” The Dative form must be "using".
B - 6

Then we will look for participial and participial phrases. This is not difficult: there is only one participial phrase in this task - in paragraph 5. In the sentence under this paragraph, an obvious inconsistency of words is visible.
G - 5

Let's remember the questions of the gerund: doing what? what did you do? There are two adverbial phrases here. You need to choose from the proposals under points 1 and 9. We highlight the revolutions and the basics. Now we need to make sure that these offers are not impersonal. If there is an impersonal sentence, then this will definitely be a mistake, because in such sentences adverbial phrases are not used. An important point to pay attention to: the action described in the adverbial phrase must be performed by the one named in the subject: We could arrive at the unit (point 1), but the poster could not change the name (point 9).
AT 9

It is also not difficult to detect a violation of the aspectual-temporal correlation of verb forms. You need to highlight the verbs in the remaining sentences and pay attention to their forms. Now we find a temporary or aspectual discrepancy: spend - present tense, divide - past tense.
D - 3

Points 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 remain.
There are no homogeneous members in sentences 1, 4 and 7. 2 and 8 left.
In sentence 2, the “and also” is alarming. There are sentences with the non-existent conjunction “not only, ... and also.” There is no “not only” here, which means this is the right option.
The predicate and object in sentence 8 cannot possibly be homogeneous!
A - 8

Answer:
A - 8
B - 6
AT 9
G - 5
D - 3

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8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

ab..nement
pr..stizh
ecology
this...cat
p..rket

Completing the task:
From the entire list of words, the test can only be found for the word “ecology”: ecologist.

Answer: ecology

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

ra..put, and..deed
continuous, constant, continuous battle
nen..sighty, z..go
ra..count and..give
o..pulled, on..bit

Completing the task:
To solve this task, remember the spelling of prefixes:

located, calculate - C is written before deaf people;

izdatelya, izdat - Z is written before voiced ones;

The prefixes OT- and NAD- do not change: pulled away, bitten;

continuous - the prefix PR- appears in the meaning of “interruption”;

surf - the prefix PRI- is used in the meaning of “approaching”;

the prefixes NA- and ZA- do not change.

Answer: beloved, come in

10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

hardy
sloppy
implied..shaft
abandoned
coloring

Completing the task:
When completing this task and task No. 11, you can pronounce the words, then you will probably hear which letter is written in the word: implied. But you also need to remember that the suffixes -CHIV- and -LIV- are written with I. It is also recommended to repeat the spelling of verb suffixes.

Answer: implied

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11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

make...sew
missed
unacceptable (conditions)
disappeared..sh
much..my

“Missed” and “disappear” can be heard very clearly, but other words can be pronounced differently. It is best to explain the spelling of a particular letter:

If you make it - an exception, 1 reference. (to shave to lay, to lay down), in the personal ending it is written E.

Missed is a passive participle, the infinitive Skip does not begin with -at/-yat, so the suffix is written -EN(N)-.

If you disappear, what will you do? what to do? -disappear. 1 ref, in the personal ending it is written E.

Unacceptable, tormented: suffixes of verbal adjectives and participles -EM-/-IM- are checked by conjugation. Torture - 2 reps.

Answer: tormented

12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is written together with the highlighted word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

Willow vines and oak leaves shine like lips (not) wiped with a hand.
We were left in (UN)CONSISTENCY when the strange guest suddenly left.
(NOT) RECOGNIZING their purpose, the heroes of A.P.’s plays. Chekhov often live their lives meaninglessly.
The potatoes in the gardens are still (NOT) DIGGED.
The small tragedies of an individual remain (NOT) NOTICED by anyone.

Completing the task:
When performing this task, you need to check whether each specific word is used without NOT. The word "doubt" does not exist. So this is the correct answer.
Let's check the remaining words:

not wiped by hand, not noticed by anyone - participles with dependent words;

without realizing - not with a gerund;

not dug up - not with a short communion.

Answer: perplexed

13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

(FOR)THEN he turned the compass ruler (IN)THE direction in which the boy disappeared.

THE SAME expression of readiness for decisive action appeared on Artyom’s face as at our first meeting, (WHILE) even his eyes expressed the same confidence.

I (THAT) HOUR went to the Tatarinovs in such a way that I wouldn’t catch Nikolai Antonovich.

(C) FOR some time, Vera receives ardent and passionate love letters from a person unknown to her, but (STILL) does not attach any importance to them.

Onegin, JUST like the hero of B. Constant, is smart, but emphatically indifferent to the people around him and (NOT) sees nothing in life worthy of his spiritual efforts.

Completing the task:
It is best to do the task using this algorithm:

Find words that are without any doubt written with a hyphen: something, -or, -something, after all, double adverbs. We will not find such words in this particular task.

See if there are words that are clearly written separately. These are prepositions with nouns and pronouns, the words “just”, “anyway”, “as if”, “whether”. The proposal from point No. 1 is definitely not suitable. “In that” will not be combined in any case, because it is a preposition with a pronoun.

Now you can find the words “During(s)” and “in continuation(s)”. They are often found in such tasks, and in any case are written separately. Proposition 4 can be crossed out.

You need to see if the task contains the words WHAT(WHAT), SAME(SAME) and SO(SAME). As a rule, there should be no difficulties with them either. It is important to determine whether the particle can be removed. As a result, it turns out that proposals 2 and 5 are not suitable.

Now you need to check the remaining option: “immediately” is written together, from “so that” the “would” cannot be removed or rearranged.

Answer: immediately, so that

14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place N is written.

At the celebration of the (1) ceremony of presenting the state (2) awards, a (3) fiery speech was made, which made a strong impression on the home front workers (5) gathered in the hall.

Completing the task:
The task is not difficult, here you need to remember the spelling of each word:

solemn, state, fiery - suffix -ENN- in denominate adjectives;

pronounced - short participle with N;

for a worker - (one N) the spelling of this word must be remembered.

Answer: 3.5

15. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

A profound love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons and gives rise to thoughts about the bitterness of losses and anxiety for the future.

The language itself contains images and rhythm and rhymes and alliteration.

The language is diverse and polyphonic and multi-toned.

Either thoughts or memories or dreams wandered through his head.

The air is light and clean and the river is frozen.

Completing the task:
To correctly place punctuation marks, we determine the composition of the sentences:

A profound love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons, giving rise to thoughts about the bitterness of losses and anxiety for the future. This sentence contains homogeneous predicates.

The language itself contains images, rhythm, rhymes, and alliteration. Here we see a repeating conjunction.

The language is diverse, polyphonic, and multi-toned. Again we notice repeated conjunctions.

Either thoughts, or memories, or dreams wandered through his head. Here we see three homogeneous members with a double union.

The air is light and clean, and the river is frozen. And this is a compound sentence.

Answer: 1.5

The reference book is intended to prepare high school graduates for the Unified State Exam (USE) in the Russian language. The publication contains theoretical material on all sections of the school course of the Russian language in grades 6-11, recommendations for completing tasks of parts of all types of parts 1 and 2 of the examination paper. The practical part includes samples of test tasks that are close in volume, structure and selected material to the control measurement materials of the unified state exam. The answers to the test tasks are given at the end of the manual.

16. Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Having completed the first stage of preparation (1), you can add (2) finely chopped truffles (3) or (4) pre-cooked champignons to the dish.

Completing the task:
First, we highlight the participial phrase.
In this sentence, participial phrases come before the words being defined. The defined words here are not personal pronouns. The participial phrases in this sentence have no additional meanings, which means there is no reason to isolate these phrases.

Answer: 1

17. Place all missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s).

I love (1) you (2) my damask (3) dagger (4)
The comrade is bright and cold.
The thoughtful Georgian forged you for revenge,
The free Circassian was preparing for a formidable battle.<...>
You were given to me as a companion (5) a pledge of love (6) dumb (7)
And the example for the wanderer in you is not useless:
Yes, I will not change and will be strong in soul,
How are you, how are you (8) my friend (9) iron.

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Completing the task:
Here it is worth reading the poem carefully to the end. In this case, you can highlight requests. You should not snatch individual words from the poem without reading the entire line. You need to think about the meaning of the last two lines: after all, if you put a comma in place (9), it turns out that the lyrical hero himself consists of iron.

Answer: 2, 4, 5, 7, 8

The publication will help high school students prepare for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The book will help you quickly and effectively repeat and summarize educational material. The manual includes theoretical material on all topics of the Unified State Exam. Questions, tasks and exercises will help consolidate knowledge. The answers to the most difficult tasks are given at the end of the book. The publication was prepared in accordance with modern requirements of the school curriculum of secondary (complete) general education.

18. Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Since then, every time (1) when we encounter a composer somewhere (2) he cannot remember this incident (3) of which (4) we have become unwitting witnesses without laughing.

Completing the task:
This task is a little more difficult than all the almost identical tasks number 18 that can be found in CIMs. Here it is important to emphasize the basics and draw an outline of the sentence. This will make it easier to place punctuation marks. It must be remembered that in the sentences from this task the pronoun “which” will always be inside the subordinate clause.

[Since then, every time (when we encounter the composer somewhere), he cannot remember this incident without laughing], (which we have become involuntary witnesses).

Answer: 1, 2, 3

19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

I really wanted to see my former classmates (1) and (2) when our meeting took place (3) I asked them (4) if they missed school.

Completing the task:
Here we see the junction of conjunctions: coordinating and subordinating. It is difficult to know whether a comma should be used in case number (2). To do this, you need to mentally remove the subordinate clause and see how the sentence will be perceived without it.

I really wanted to see my former classmates, and I asked them...

The sentence reads normally, so the comma number (2) should be there.

Another difficulty lies in the fact that this is a subordinate clause with the conjunction LI. Not everyone recognizes it; it is rare.

[I really wanted to see my former classmates], and, (when our meeting took place), [I asked them], (if they missed school).

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4

20. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Athletes have to train intensively for more than one year to win a world record.

Completing the task:
Many people had problems with this task, as with task No. 6.
There are many synonyms in the Russian language, and this sentence can be corrected in different ways. They win medals, but certainly not records. Therefore, the words “beaten”, “installed”, “set” are suitable here.

Answer: beat, set, set

Read the text and complete tasks 21–26.

(1) Captain Sumskov quickly looked at the Red Army soldiers lined up and, slightly worried, said: “Comrades!” (2) An order was received: take up defense at a height located behind the farm, at the intersection of roads. (3) Defend the height until reinforcements arrive. (4) Is the task clear? (5) We have lost a lot in recent days, but we have preserved the banner of the regiment; we must also preserve the honor of the regiment. (6) We will hold out until the last! (7) The infantry regiment set out from the farmstead. (8) Zvyagintsev nudged Nikolai with his elbow and, his eyes sparkling animatedly, said: “Going into battle with a banner is appropriate, but retreating with it is simply God forbid!” (9) Do you think we will resist? (10) Nikolai nodded decisively. - (11) We must resist! (12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven, who was herding geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his rosy lips, admiringly looking at those passing by on the burnt grass. (38) Near the nearest tank, the grass was burning out, small flames, almost invisible in daylight, were rushing along the tops of the feather grass, and the charred, dark skeletons of motionless tanks were smoking on the slope. (39) Nikolai did not hear the earth-shaking, landslide roar of the explosion, nor did he see the large mass of earth heaving heavily up next to him. (40) A compressed, tight wave of hot air swept the embankment of the front parapet into the trench and forcefully threw back Nikolai’s head. (41) Nikolai woke up when the planes, having dumped their cargo in two passes, had long since departed and the German infantry, having launched the third attack, approached the defense line almost closely, preparing for the decisive throw. (42) A fierce battle raged around Nikolai. (43) Only a few soldiers of the regiment held out with their last strength; their fire weakened: there were few people left capable of defending themselves; already on the left flank hand grenades were used; the survivors were already preparing to meet the Germans with a final bayonet strike. (44) Having overtaken the fleeing Germans at the very ravine, Zvyagintsev and the rest began to work with bayonets, far behind the Red Army soldiers rushing forward, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked heavily on his wounded leg, holding a banner in one hand, with the other pressing a machine gun pointed forward to his side; The wounded captain Sumskov crawled out of a trench smashed by a shell... (45) Leaning on his left hand, the captain crawled down from the height, following his soldiers. (46) There was not a speck of blood in his lime-white face, but he still moved forward and, throwing back his head, shouted in a childishly thin, broken voice: - Oreliki! (47) My dear ones, go ahead!.. (48) Give them life!

(According to M.A. Sholokhov⃰)

⃰ Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (1906–1984) - Russian Soviet writer, film scriptwriter, journalist, war correspondent, Nobel Prize laureate in literature.

21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

Completing the task:
You need to find and underline words from this task in the text.

After the shell exploded, the wounded captain Sumskov continued to maintain the morale of the Red Army soldiers.
This statement corresponds to the sentence in the text:
(44) Having overtaken the fleeing Germans at the very ravine, Zvyagintsev and the rest began to work with bayonets, far behind the Red Army soldiers rushing forward, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked heavily on his wounded leg, holding a banner in one hand, with the other pressing a machine gun pointed forward to his side; crawled out of the broken
Captain Sumskov was wounded by a trench shell... (45) Leaning on his left hand, the captain crawled down from the height, following his soldiers. (46) There was not a speck of blood in his lime-white face, but he still moved forward and, throwing back his head, shouted in a childishly thin, broken voice:
- Oreliki! (47) My dear ones, go ahead!.. (48) Give them life!

The heavy battle of the Red Army lasted several minutes, but the enemy’s losses were heavy.
This statement is incorrect:
(35) It seemed to him that the battle lasted several minutes, but in fact more than half an hour had passed since the start of the attack,
The sun had noticeably leaned towards the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil sting.

Nikolai Streltsov served in an infantry regiment during the Great Patriotic War.

(7) The infantry regiment set out from the farmstead. (8) Zvyagintsev nudged Nikolai with his elbow and, his eyes sparkling animatedly, said:
- Going into battle with a banner is appropriate, but God forbid retreating with it! (9) Do you think we will resist?
(10) Nikolai nodded decisively.

In harsh wartime, Nikolai Streltsov involuntarily remembered his son.
This statement corresponds to the sentence:
(13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar! (14) The same as his eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair... (15) There was an elusive resemblance both in his facial features and throughout his small, tightly built figure. (16) Where is he now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to look again at the boy, who was so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he did not need memories that would make his heart soften.

Tank units came to the aid of the Red Army soldiers defending the heights.
The text only talks about German tanks, so such a statement is considered inappropriate.

Answer: 1, 3, 4

22. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Sentence 10 contains the answer to the question posed in sentence 4.

2) Sentences 12, 14 contain a description.

3) Propositions 16 and 17 are contrasted in content.

4) Sentences 27–31 present the narrative.

5) Sentences 37, 38 present the reasoning

Completing the task:

Sentence 10 contains the answer to the question posed in sentence 4.
If you don’t read it carefully, it seems that everything is so: the text asks a question and gives an answer to it. But you need to read it carefully - then it becomes clear that the hero is answering a completely different question.

Sentences 12 and 14 contain description.
It's right:
(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot, white-headed boy of about seven years old, who was herding geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his rosy lips, admiringly looking at the Red Army soldiers passing by.
(14) The same as the eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair...

Propositions 16 and 17 are contrasted in content.
Let's re-read sentences 16 and 17. Obviously, this statement is false:
(16) Where is he now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to look again at the boy, who was so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he did not need memories that would soften his heart.

Sentences 27–31 present the narrative.
This statement is true, because. The sentence lists the physical actions:
(27) The first tank stopped before reaching a group of thorn bushes, the second flared up, turned back and stood holding a tar-black, slightly wavering smoky torch towards the sky.
(31) Finally she got up and in short dashes began to approach, but at this time the tanks
turned around and moved back, leaving six burning and damaged cars on the slope.

Sentences 37, 38 present the reasoning.
Wrong. Sentences 37 and 38 do not present a reasoning, but a description with elements of a narrative.
(37) The heavy smell of burnt iron and gasoline, mixed with the bitter, ash-like scent of burnt grass, filled his nostrils. (38) Near the nearest tank, the grass was burning out, small flames, almost invisible in daylight, were rushing along the tops of the feather grass, and the charred, dark skeletons of motionless tanks were smoking on the slope.

Answer: 2, 4

23. From sentences 34–35, write down one phraseological unit.

Completing the task:
The task is not easy, because if you look at the proposed fragment of text, the phraseology is not immediately noticeable:

(34) Nikolai loaded the empty disks, drank some disgustingly warm water from the flask, and looked at his watch. (35) It seemed to him that the battle lasted several minutes, but in fact more than half an hour had passed since the start of the attack, the sun had noticeably sank to the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil sting.
Due to their frequent use in speech, some phraseological units are “lost” in the text, and it is very difficult to recognize them right away.

Answer: actually

24. Among sentences 12–17, find the one(s) that is related to the previous one using a conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven, who was herding geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his rosy lips, admiringly examining the Red Army soldiers passing by. (13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar he is! (14) The same as the eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair... (15) There was an elusive similarity in the facial features and in the entire small, tightly built figure. (16) Where is he now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to look again at the boy, who was so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he did not need memories that would soften his heart.

Completing the task:
You need to find all the personal pronouns in this piece of text, and then look for conjunctions. We see that sentence (13) contains both.

Answer: 13

Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 21–24. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the numbers of the terms from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter. Write down the sequence of numbers in ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of task number 25, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form.

The manual has been prepared in accordance with the mandatory minimum content of basic general and secondary (complete) general education in the Russian language, contains all the material necessary for a student to independently prepare for the Unified State Exam: theory, including easy-to-memorize tables, as well as a practical part, with examples exam exercises and their step-by-step analysis. The attached CD contains not only a training test in the Unified State Exam format, but also intermediate testing for each chapter of the manual, which will allow the student to organize independent work to test their own knowledge. The program automatically checks the correctness of completion of exam tasks, which allows you to control the level of preparation for the exam.

25. “M.A. Sholokhov paid special attention to ordinary soldiers overcoming all the incredible difficulties and hardships of the war. The text often uses syntactic means of expression: (A)________ (sentences 6, 11, 13) and (B)_______ (sentences 9, 16). A special role in the text belongs to the depiction of the realities of war. And here the following tropes play an important role: (B)_______ (“evil burningness” in sentence 35) and (D)________ (“tongues of flame rushed about” in sentence 38).”

List of terms:

1) dialogue

2) epithet

3) metaphor

4) hyperbole

5) parcellation

6) anaphora

8) comparison

Completing the task:
First you need to see what tips the test writers gave. So, we need to find two syntactic means of expression and two tropes.

Let's look at the list.
What syntactic means of expression can we find?

5) parcellation

6) anaphora

7) exclamatory sentences

9) interrogative sentences

What are the trails?

3) metaphor

4) hyperbole

8) comparison

The terms under points A and B are easy to define. Let's find sentences 6, 11, 13. They are all exclamatory. Sentences 6 and 11 are interrogative, this is obvious.

Let's move on to the trails. There is definitely no exaggeration (hyperbole) in the above phrases. When it comes to comparison, things are a little more complicated. After all, a metaphor, for example, is also a comparison, but a hidden one. In comparison, it is always obvious what is being compared to what. In the text, flashes of fire are compared to tongues. But we see only the “reeds” - that with which it is compared. If we talk about the formal signs of comparison, we will see that there are no words like, as if, as if, exactly, as if, that. And there is no instrumental case. Therefore, it can be argued that there is no comparison here.

It turns out that the correct answers are an epithet and a metaphor. B is an epithet (there is no transfer of meaning here), G is a metaphor (there is a transfer of meaning).

Answer: 7, 9, 2, 3

The textbook, which is part of the “Algorithm for Success” educational and methodological kits, is intended for high school students studying Russian language and literature at both a basic and advanced level. Contains expanded theoretical material, creative tasks, and exercises aimed at preparing for the Unified State Exam. The textbook implements the modern cultural and creative model of education.

Part 2

26. Essay

Approximate range of problems	Author's position
First problem- the heroism of Russian soldiers during the Great Patriotic War (at what cost was the victory over fascism achieved in the Great Patriotic War?).	The victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War was achieved thanks to the heroism of Soviet soldiers.
Second problem- preservation of humanity, memories of home, family and children in war. (What gave strength to the warrior, thanks to which did he withstand all the hardships of war conditions?)	The imperishable memory of children, family and home, which the soldier stood up to defend, gave him the opportunity to remain human and bravely endure difficult military trials.
Third problem- maintaining a sense of duty before the Motherland.	When a soldier was getting ready for battle, he had to drown out all sentimental qualities in himself so as not to suddenly lose his vigilance and fighting spirit.

First problem
Having touched on the topic of heroism in the essay, it is better to omit the episode with the boy. But the description of the battle, the wounded commander and other suitable phenomena should be given more attention. In a word, we need to emphasize that victory was achieved at a high price thanks to the perseverance and courage of the people.
For argumentation, you can take any books from the Soviet period about the war.

Second problem
According to the author, the soldier’s state of mind is connected with his memories. This fragment of text shows the image of a boy who reminded Streltsov of his son. Memories of home overwhelmed him. Home, family and love were the spiritual support for a soldier.
You can cite arguments from “War and Peace” (Nikolai Rostov) and “And the dawns here are quiet...” (memories of girls), as well as from the Stories of Lev Kassil (for example, “The Story of the Absent One”).
In many works about the war, Sholokhov focuses on the preservation of the human in man (“Mole”, “Foal”, “Shibalkovo’s Seed”, “The Fate of a Man”). He contrasted the literature of the lost generation with his works, which affirm faith in a person who retains a moral core in war.

Third problem
The life of a soldier in war differs from the peaceful life of an ordinary person, so memories of home, family and children could distract soldiers from the idea that duty to the Motherland is above all else. In the episode of the meeting with the boy, we see a test of the ability to pull oneself together when a soldier is responsible to the Motherland. Of course, this episode also contains motivation: for whom exactly is he responsible? (For comment, you can refer to proposals No. 5 and No. 18-19).
The boy waved his hand. He believes in a soldier who will protect him. A soldier is an example to follow. Of course, Streltsov must correspond to this image.

Important note: The second and third problems are opposed to each other. However, it is possible to prove both positions.

Unified State Exam 2018. Russian language. Typical test tasks. 14 task options.

M.: 2018. - 136 p. M.: 2018. - 256 p.

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Format: pdf format 130x200

Size: 2.6 MB

Watch, download: drive.google