What is the military organization of the state. Eastern Military District. Southern Military District

Armed forces Russian Federation - the basis of defense of our state

The basis of the military organization of our state is the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. They are intended to reflect aggression directed against the Russian Federation, armed protection of the integrity and inviolability of the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as to fulfill the tasks in accordance with international treaties of Russia.
The attraction of the Armed Forces to the fulfillment of other tasks is carried out by decision of the President of the Russian Federation in accordance with federal laws. These tasks include the following:
. Promoting the internal affairs bodies and internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in localization and blocking areas of the conflict, the suppression of armed clashes and separation opposing Parties, as well as in the protection of strategically important objects;
. assisting border troops in the protection of the state border of the Russian Federation;
. assistance in the protection of maritime communications, important government facilities and economic zones, in the fight against terrorism, drug trafficking and piracy;
. Assisting the population in the elimination of the consequences of accidents, disasters and natural disasters.
The main functions of the Armed Forces are:
. Suppression of any unlawful armed violence against the state sovereignty and constitutional system, the territorial integrity of the country, the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens of Russia, the objects of the Russian Federation in the country and abroad, including in the World Ocean and outer space, in accordance with the norms of international law and the legislation of the Russian Federation;
. Ensuring freedom of activity in the World Ocean and outer space, access to international economic zones and communications for Russia in accordance with international law norms;
. fulfillment of allied obligations in the framework of joint defense from external aggression in accordance with the prisoners of international treaties;
. maintaining or restoring peace and stability in the regions important for Russia by decision of the UN Security Council or other structures collective security, whose member Russia is.
The main tasks that are facing the Armed Forces of Russia to ensure national security can be distributed in four areas: the containment of military and military-political threats to the security or interests of Russia; Ensuring the economic and political interests of Russia; implementation of peaceful operations; The use of military force.
The deterrence of military and military-political threats to the security or interests of the Russian Federation is ensured by the timely identification of the threatening development of the military-political situation and the preparation of an armed attack on the Russian Federation, as well as maintaining the high combat and mobilization readiness of the strategic nuclear forces and their management systems.
Ensuring the economic and political interests of the Russian Federation includes the following components:
. Protection of Russian citizens in the zones of armed conflicts and regions of political or other instability;
. Creating safety conditions economic activity Russian Federation;
. protection of national interests in territorial waters, on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone, as well as in the World Ocean;
. The decision of the President of the Russian Federation with the use of forces and means of the armed forces in the regions of the vital economic and political interests of Russia;
. Organization and maintenance of information confrontation. Power operations of peaceful time Armed Forces
exercise as part of the following tasks:
. Fighting international terrorism, political extremism and separatism, prevention and suppression of sabotage and terrorist acts;
. partial or complete strategic deployment, maintenance of the use and use of nuclear deterrence potential;
. Implementation of peacekeeping operations on the UN mandate or the CIS;
. provision of a military (emergency) regime in one or more subjects of the Russian Federation in accordance with the decisions of the highest authorities;
. protection of the state border in Russia in airspace and underwater medium;
. Power supply regime of international sanctions imposed on the basis of decisions of the UN Security Council;
. Prevention of economic disasters, other emergencies and the elimination of their consequences.
The use of military force to ensure the safety of the Russian Federation by the Armed Forces is carried out in the form of direct participation in armed conflicts; local wars; regional wars; Large-scale war.

The composition and structure of the Armed Forces of Russia

Topic: "Organizational structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation: Types of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the kind of troops, the history of their creation, composition, armament and purpose". (Just 5 hours).

Lesson 1. Structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Curriculums: familiarize yourself with the history of the creation and development of the organizational structure of the Armed Forces of Russia. Show value Sun in the history of Russia. To form a sense of pride behind the Armed Forces of Russia.

Educational questions:

Organizational structure of the Armed Forces of Russia.

View of Sun, general concepts.

Girth of troops, general concepts.

Time: 1 academic hour (45 minutes).

Location: Cabinet Obzh-OVS or ICT Cabinet, (depending on the technical support).

Method: Explanatory reproductive.

Logistics lesson:

1. Computer;

2. Multivide Projector;

3. Multimedia lecture on the topic;

4. Computer presentation of the lesson;

1. Textbooks on the history of Russia.

2. Magazines "Military Knowledge".

3. "In the service of the Fatherland" (edition of the magazine "Military Knowledge").

During the classes

1. Organizing time (up to two minutes): - Checking readiness for a lesson: students occupy space in the classroom, in the class journal there are no missing. - Information on the procedure for holding: checking homework, explanation of the new material.

2. Checking the assimilation of the previously studied material (up to 10 minutes): 4 minutes - brain warm-up: students in writing in writing uncomplicated questions on the material of the previous lesson. Answers are briefly recorded in the working notebooks under the issue number, the answer cannot be corrected. Questions are set in a fast pace, without repetition. All questions relate to military reform The late 19th century. Warming up questions: 1. From what age, the male population of Tsarist Russia could be called upon military service? (from 21 years). 2. What was the overall service life of military service? (15 years). 3. What was the period of valid military service? (6 years). What is the famous rifle acted at this time to armared the Russian army? (Mosin rifle). 5. Question trap: how many shots could be made from this rifle without recharging it? (6 shots: 5 In the store and 1, the cartridge can be sent in advance to the barrel channel). You can consider the right and answer - 5 shots. 6. How many military districts were created in Russia? (15 districts). 7. What was the sailing fleet of Russia? (steam, armored). 3. One student orally at the board answers the question of the main content of Peter's military reforms. Two students in writing prepare answers to questions about the content of Military reforms of Ivan Grozny and D.A. Milyutin. Frontal survey reveals answers to questions about the military transformations of the first years of Soviet power, the prewaging period (1935 - 1940); post-war construction of the USSR Sun; Military reforms of the 90s of the last century. An explanation of the new material (time is up to 30 minutes): Introduction to the topic: - declare the topic and purpose of classes, show its importance, connection with the previous occupation, with other topics. - declare the first learning issue (students write down the wording): organizational structure of the Armed Forces of Russia. During the explanation, students make records in their working notebooks; Leading a story, it is advisable to approach the disciples and watch their work. Explained to the disciples that the organizational structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation should ensure their greatest composition, the most appropriate combination of various types of weapons, military equipment and their assets, high combat readiness and the ability to successfully conduct combat operations. To show that it is generally determined by the economic opportunities of the state and its political leadership. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation began to be created in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 07.05.92 on the basis of the USSR Armed Forces, which were stationed in Russia at the time. The general management of the Sun is carried out by the President of the country, which, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is the Supreme Commander. The direct leadership of the Russian Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is carried out by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation through the Ministry of Defense and General base. He publishes orders and directives, puts into force legal acts on various activities of troops. The Ministry of Defense, as a government body, participates in the development of military policy issues, the construction of Sun, is preparing a state program of weapons and military equipment, forms defense order, etc. The General Staff is the main body of the operational management of the Sun, it operates on planning the application of troops for defense purposes, manages them during military operations and in peacetime, improves the operational equipment of the theaters of hostilities, implements the development of mobilization plans. Defines quantitative norms of military service, organizes military registration, military fees, etc. Currently, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of central bodies, species of Sun, childbirth forces, which are subordinate to the Ministry of Defense, Special Forces, Rear, which are organizationally reduced to the association, compounds, military units, divisions, and institutions and military educational institutions. Organizational Sun consist of central military authorities, associations, compounds, parts and institutions of the Ministry of Defense. Management bodies are intended to lead the troops (forces) in peaceful and war time. These include: command, headquarters, management, departments and other permanent and temporarily created structures. Associations - military formations that include several compounds (smaller associations) and parts of various types of Sun, childbirth troops, special troops and services. Their composition is inconsistent. They can be territorial, for example, military district, fleet, or operational - front, army, etc.. The connection is military formation consisting of several parts or smaller compounds, different kinds Forces (forces), special troops (services), as well as parts and units of security and service. For example, body, squadron, division, brigade. Military part - organizationally independent combat and administratively - economic unit in all types of Sun, childbirth. The military unit, as a rule, is awarded a combat banner (naval flag), it has stamp prints with conditional and full name. Institutions of the Ministry of Defense are structures that solve the tasks of ensuring the activities of troops, such as military medical, research, educational institutions, home officers, sports clubs, etc. The territorial Sun is united into military districts (individual groups of troops) and fleets (flotilla), at the head of which are the commanders with their headquarters. Make sure the learning material assimilate the students and consolidate the knowledge of the poll. Reply to the questions that have arisen. Questions for fixing the material: a) what does the organization of the Sun of any state depend on? b) Who is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation? c) who directly leads the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation? To declare the second learning question: (students write down the wording): the view of the aircraft, general concepts. The focus on the explanation of the concept is the appearance of the Sun (the definition of the disciple is recorded under the dictation). The view of the aircraft is part of the Sun states intended for fighting in a certain area (on land, at sea, in the air and in space). Each type of Sun has its own specific organizational and staff, weapons, management system, combat training and logistical support. Ask a question: What types of Sun were in the USSR? Currently, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consists of three types of Sun: Ground Forces (SV), Air Force (Air Force), Navy (VF). Speaking about the organizational and staff structure, it is possible to disassemble (call): SV - tank army, motorized rifle division, artillery brigade, division ...; Air Force - Air Army, Division, Squadron, Link; Navy Squades, Flotilla, Submarine Division, Brigade marine infantry... Questions to secure the material: a) what is part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation? b) What is the appearance of the sun? c) What types are currently available in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation? To declare a third learning question: (students write down the wording): the genus of troops, general concepts. To define the term "genus troops" - this is an integral part of the type of aircraft, divisions, parts, compounds that are inherent in weapons only to them, combat and other techniques, use their tactics when conducting hostilities and are intended to perform certain tactical and operational tactical tasks. . In addition, there are a kind of troops that are not part of the species of Sun, but are in direct submission of the Minister of Defense. Up to the 20th century there were two types of armed forces: land and sea; And three kinds of troops - infantry, cavalry and artillery (from the 16th century). With the creation of new weapons, military equipment in the 20th century, new types of troops have appeared, and some, for example, cavalry, have ceased to exist. Division on the types and kind of troops is available in almost all countries of the world. Questions to secure the material: a) what is the genus of troops? b) What is the main difference between the birth of troops? c) call the kind of troops.

Summing up the classes and bringing homework. (Time - up to 5 minutes) Remind the topic, purpose, educational issues (may be called students). Give an assessment to the exercise in general, to work out every curriculum. Declaration of estimates, note the best and those who worked weakly (not in full force, was inattentive, etc.). Homework: - Examine the textbook material on page .________ - to be able to define the terms "View of Sun", "Rod of Troops", "Combining", "Connection", "military unit". - Know the structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Military organization of the state

a combination of armed, as well as military-political, military-economic, military-scientific, and other bodies, institutions and institutions of the states involved in military activities. The main element of V.O. It is an armed organization of the state, which includes armed forces provided for by state legislation, as well as military administrative, military legal authorities. The nucleus of the Armed Organization is aircraft. The second element of V.O. is a system of life support armed organization. Its leading link is a military-industrial complex and part of other industries of the economy and science, mainly working in the military field. Third element V.O. Associate authorities and institutions of state power, political bodies and organizations directly involved in the development and security of the country. Purpose V.O. Depends on the nature and objectives of the policy of the state. Its specific structure and functions are determined by state authorities in accordance with the military doctrine of the state, the state of the military-political situation in the world and the region, the economy, social and spiritual life of society, historical and national traditions, etc. Objective factors. Activity V.O. Provides the necessary level of state defense capability, its military power and combat power of the Sun.

Edwart. Dictionary of Terms of MSS, 2010

Watch what is a "military organization of the state" in other dictionaries:

Military organization of the state - K) State Military Organization (Next Military Organization) A combination of state and military administration authorities, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies (hereinafter the Armed Forces and others ... ... Official terminology

Military organization of the state - ? military systemwhich includes "Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and organs intended to perform military security tasks by military methods, the management bodies, as well as part of industrial and scientific ... ... War and world in terms and definitions

- (Bulge. The military organization on the BCP) Armed wing of the Bulgarian Communist Party, existed in 1920 1925. Created after the defeat of the transport strike by the Government of the BZNS with the help of parts of the Orange Guard. To prevent such ... Wikipedia

Military Organization of the Russian Federation - Includes the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, which, in accordance with federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, are intended to fulfill the tasks in the field of defense of the country and security ... ... Border Dictionary

Military doctrine of the Russian Federation Encyclopedia Rights

Military doctrine of the Russian Federation - (English Martial Doctrine of RF) A combination of official views (installations) that determine the military political, military strategic and military economic fundamentals to ensure military security of the Russian Federation. V.D. RF approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation from 21 ... Big Law Dictionary

Military Academy General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Year of foundation 1918 Location Moscow Legal address 119571, Moscow, Vernadsky Avenue, 100 Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian ... ... Wikipedia

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Year of foundation 1918 Moscow Legal address 119571, Moscow, Vernadsky Avenue, 100 Military Academy of General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Higher Military Educational Institution ... Wikipedia

Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Year of foundation 1918 Location Moskva Legal Address 119571, Moscow, Vernadsky Avenue, 100 Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian ... ... Wikipedia

Books

• Military History of the Doperer Russia, Alekseev Yu .. The book includes all the main works of the wonderful Soviet and Russian historian Yuri Georgievich Alekseeva (1926-2017), dedicated to military history Russia of the Dopererovsky era. In the publication ...
• Soviet military encyclopedia ,. This book will be made in accordance with your order using Print-On-Demand technology. In the early 1930s. In the People's Commissariat of the Defense of the USSR, preparation for the publication of multi-volume ...

Introduction

Chapter 1. The concept of a military organization of the state

§ 1.1 Armed Forces

§ 1.2 Other troops and military formations

§ 1.3 Transport troops

Chapter 2. Higher States states, organs government controlled and other governments to lead the state military organization

§ 2.1 The top bodies of the state, carrying out the management of the Military Organization of the State

§ 2.2 Military bodies

Chapter 3. Defense Sector of the Economics

Conclusion

List of sources used

Appendix 1. Activities of government bodies and defense sector of the economy for forming a state defense order

Introduction

Over the past fifth and a half thousand years, more than 14 thousand wars occurred on Earth, in which over 4 billion people died. In the entire history of human existence, people lived in the world of about 300 years, less than one week every 100 years. Not appeared by the exception and XX century. Only in his first half of the world wars took more than 50 million human lives. After World War II, more than 250 wars and military conflicts occurred on the planet.

All this suggests that over the past decades the world has changed a lot, a new historical era has come. There were fundamentally new threats to national security, and that is why it is necessary to understand the scale as early as possible and the nature of these changes in order to adequately respond to new civilizational challenges of the XXI century.

In such conditions, in the first place among the main tasks of any state, security issues are issued. Republic of Belarus is no exception.

Security assumes the presence of such a condition (position), in which there is no threat to anyone, anything, and there is a security of the interests of a citizen, society, states.

A separate type of security is national security. Its definition is given in the concept of national security of the Republic of Belarus. In accordance with clause 1.1, under national security, the state of the protection of the vital interests of the person, society and the state from internal and external threats is understood.

The National Security of the Republic of Belarus is composed of the Security of the Republic of Belarus in the various areas of its fields: political, economic, military, environmental, information, humanitarian.

Under the provision of national security, the activities of state bodies, organizations, including public associations, as well as individuals on the protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and the state are understood. However, the combination of agreed actions aimed at achieving a certain goal is known as a certain policy. And if you submit that national security is the goal of the functioning of the Institute of State, the state policy will just act as a way to achieve national security.

Ensuring national security is generally entrusted to the state, and its individual parties to individual states, their systems, other state organizations. At the same time, the provision of each part of national security aims to ensure the unified state of national security.

An important element, the so-called high-quality side, the national security of the state acts. The military security of the state is the ability of the state to implement the entire set of forces available at its disposal, funds and resources in order to prevent the localization and neutralization of military threats, creating favorable conditions for the organization of armed protection of its interests.

Paragraph 13 of Chapter 1 of the Military Doctrine of the Republic of Belarus determines that the military policy of the Republic of Belarus is implemented by the effective military organization of the state that makes up the basis of the country's military potential. And the military organization of the state is imposed by the implementation of both external military policies, which is part of the state policy on international arenaand the inner component. Military Organization in the State Department Phenomenon is not new, although its own name and legal consolidation it received relatively recently. Taking into account the importance of this phenomenon and clearly insufficient attention paid to the study of this issue, I believe that it is necessary to comprehensively with the study of the military organization of the state, its structure, the mechanism of operation and other parties to this legal phenomenon. Partially on the solution of this problem is oriented this work.

Chapter 1. The concept of a military organization of the state

The military policy of the Republic of Belarus is implemented by an efficiently functioning military organization of the state that makes up the basis of the country's military potential.

The military organization of the state is a set of armed forces, other troops and military formations, state, military-political bodies of management, military authorities, other organizations whose main activity in peacetime is aimed at solving problems to ensure military security of the state (preventing military threat), And in the case of the war, to ensure armed protection of the state, the reflection of the attack, the defeat of the enemy and the achievement of political goals in the war. The military organization of the state, in addition, includes the defense sector of the economy of the Republic of Belarus, carrying out and (or) production activities for the creation of products (works, services).

As we can see, the definition operates with general concepts, which is mostly only the types of bodies and organizations entering the military organization of the state, and therefore a person who does not seek the knowledge of all these terms will even seriously imagine all these "troops and military formations." The disadvantage of the doctrine, in my opinion, is exactly what does not give the definitions used to the Terminams. Their concept is disclosed in other acts of legislation, which is also not entirely successful, since even the same terms in various regulatory acts may have different definitions, sometimes contradicting each other. However, I would like to note the fact that the entire set of regulatory and legal acts that determine the structural elements of the military organization of the state contained in them by definitions makes it possible to build a slender structure of such elements that does not have both internal structural and contradictions in legal consolidation.

Studying the essence of the military organization of the state, it should be clearly submitted that the latter is not something purely material, tangible. This phenomenon in the field of public administration seems to be some legal abstraction, fiction, like the civil-legal institution of a legal entity. At the same time, the military organization of the state constitutes well-defined structural elements that have their specific tasks in maintaining the sustainable existence and functioning of the state's military organization as a whole. The activities of the state military organization are provided, including the effective functioning of the state and military management system, the development of which is defined as a priority direction for the development of the military organization. At the same time, it is similar to how the military organization of the state exists and operates within the framework of the state and military administration carried out in the framework of the state military organization is part of the state, and, therefore, must comply with its main goals and principles. At the same time, the Office within the military organization of the state will certainly have its own specific, inherent in this type of government, features. Thus, the Military Organization of the State acts as a simple aggregate, but as a system with an internal organizational unity, represented by a set of structural elements interacting with each other to achieve the goals set in front of a military organization.

Based on the above provisions, it is possible to allocate the main signs that characterize the military organization of the state as an independent legal phenomenon in the field of public administration:

1. Internal organizational unity of structural elements;

2. Systems of military organization of the state;

3. The presence of certain tasks, the goals set in front of the military organization, as well as the specific functions performed by the latter;

4. Implementation within the military organization of the state of the specific form of public administration - military management.

Thus, two key sides in the study of the military organization of the state are very clearly visible: the material (non-dynamic) party characterizing the entire set of structural elements in the military organization, and the procedural (dynamic) party characterizing the military organization exactly as a systemic education functioning in of its field of government.

The purpose of this work I put an accurate and clear identification of all structural elements of the state military organization, i.e. The basics, static, material part, which is component. "The inner skeleton" of the military organization of the state, its "material legal basis".

§ 1.1 Armed Forces

Based on the analysis of the norms of regulatory and legal acts operating in this area of \u200b\u200bstate administration, several approaches in the understanding of the Armed Forces can be distinguished.

The first of them defines the sun as the basis of the military organization of the state, its structural element. The disadvantage of this approach is that it does not allow to reveal either the structure nor the essence of the Sun, but only indicates the place of the armed forces in the military organization. This approach found its consolidation in paragraph 3. Chapter 2 of the Military Doctrine of the Republic of Belarus and in Article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On the Armed Forces".

Several approaches can be distinguished that define the sun as a set of certain elements, component parts. These are the so-called structural approaches. In the frames of such an understanding, the armed forces can be considered in a narrow and broad sense. A wide understanding is given in paragraph 3 of Chapter 2 military doctrine, determining that the Sun is composed of types of armed forces, childbirth forces, military educational institutions and organizations of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus. The Law of the Republic of Belarus "On the Armed Forces" clarifies and complements this position of the military doctrine. Thus, in Article 4 of the Law, the Central Military Body (Ministry of Defense and General Staff) includes the types of armed forces (land forces, air force and air defense forces).

Military doctrine on the use of Sun and other troops and military formations enshrines that such is possible only in strict accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus, subject to the laws of such international legal norms established by international law and customs, the Convention on the Laws and Customs of Land Wars is the main sources of such international legal norms, 1907 ; Geneva Convention on the Arrangement of Prisoners of Secand, 1949; Geneva Convention on the protection of civilians during the war, 1949; and others. The norms contained in them regarding the laws and customs of war management are numerous and diverse. Analysis and generalization of these norms allows you to formulate basic principles, rules for the behavior of a soldier in battle: 1. be disciplined; 2. The attack is allowed only for military facilities; 3. Do not cause big destruction than it is necessary to perform a combat mission; 4. Do not kill and not apply an injections to the enemy, which has failed or paid to captivity; 5. Treat humanely to all civilians and to the captured enemy; etc. From the content of these legal prescriptions, it is clear that first of all they determine the activities of each particular serviceman in battle, the activities of the commanders, as well as the use of military equipment. Thus, military doctrine The provision on the use of the Armed Forces discloses through their direct participation in hostilities. However, not all structural elements included in the armed forces, in the event of war, are directly involved in hostilities. Not reducing the roles and significance of such structural elements, it should be noted that their main activity is aimed at either general leadership and operational management of the armed forces, or to ensure the armed forces, or to the training of specialists in the interests of the armed forces, and both in peacetime and In the military. So, for example, the above legal regulations cannot be guided in its activities, both in peaceful and in wartime, the military faculty of Belarusian state University For the simple reason that its main purpose is not directly related to participation in hostilities. Therefore, the functioning of such elements is not covered by the scope of the concept of "application of the Armed Forces". The use of the Armed Forces is related to direct participation in combat operations, conducting battle, the destruction of the living force and the enemy's fire funds, without fail in their own ranks. Thus, the use of armed forces is implemented in the process of activity of such elements of the armed forces, as species of armed forces, childbirth of troops and special troops. It is the combination of structural elements that implement the use of the armed forces, formed the basis of a narrow understanding of the armed forces within the structural approach.

It should be noted that, like the first, a structural approach cannot fully reflect all parties in understanding the essence of the armed forces, as it is nedynamic, purely material nature, determining the elements outside their connection with each other, revealing the armed forces as a totality, and Not as a system.

It seems that, in order to comprehensively analyze the essence of the armed forces, it is not necessary for one-sided, but a cumulative, systematic approach to this issue. The solution of this problem is seen in the consideration of the armed forces within the framework of a structural and meaningful approach, which became the result of the logical synthesis of structural and meaningful approaches. From the standpoint of this approach, the armed forces in the military organization of the state are considered as a system in which all structural elements that make up the armed forces have their own competence and function within themselves and interact with each other through the implementation of the Institute of Special Type of Service. Such a vision of the armed forces allows not only to distinguish their components (non-dynamic, material side), but also to trace the order of their functioning and interaction (dynamic, procedural side). The concept of the non-dynamic side of the armed forces does not speak of strict fixedness, a peculiar constancy or a frozen property of the structure of the Armed Forces. The materiality in this understanding acts as a criterion for real, actual (unconditionally, in the presence of legal grounds) of the existence, the presence of functioning and interacting elements, its own structure, the number and the species composition of which can be changed at the same time. The procedural side determines the procedure for the functioning and interaction of the components of the material side on the basis of their legal status, competence. This Party finds its external expression, including the nature of relations between these components, which can be covered by the concepts of general management and operational management, subordination, control, accountability, responsibility, etc. The selection in the definition of the armed forces of the concept of a special type of service is necessary to understand the essence of the functioning of the system of the armed forces, the driving factor forcing the set to function as a system and give results. Simple consolidation, even at the legislative level, both material and procedural norms without ensuring the effective mechanism of their implementation remains only abstraction. The implementation of these rules into life is carried out by a certain category of persons - military personnel - in the process of their rights and fulfill the duties assigned to them by the status of a serviceman. A combination of such relations related to the implementation by military personnel of their rights and obligations, and finds its reflection in the concept of a special type of service.

Such a component and meaningful approach allows us to determine not only the structure, but also the tasks and functions of the armed forces in the process of activity both in relation to the military organization of the state and within the system of the Armed Forces itself; Directions of legal regulation of the mechanism of functioning of the system of the Armed Forces.

§ 1.2 Other troops and military formations

A significant part of the structural elements of the state military organization is represented by other troops and military formations.

According to Article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus" to other troops and military formations include state military organizations, subordinates, as a rule, government agencies in which military service is provided. The government bodies in which military service are provided is the republican government bodies that perform special functions to organize the protection of state sovereignty, its independence, territorial integrity and citizens. This article contains an exhaustive list of such republican bodies: the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus, the State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus, the State Committee of the Border Troops of the Republic of Belarus. The legal status of these government bodies is determined by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 289, which includes all ministries and state committees to the republican level of government bodies. The specifics of the functions performed and the tasks performed are reflected in the names of these ministries and state committees, and also enshrined in the relevant provisions on these bodies. So, according to paragraph 7.1, the provisions on the Ministry of Defense, the latter in accordance with the tasks assigned to him, provides preparation of proposals for defense issues, the formation of state policy in the field of defense, including military doctrine and military policy of the Republic of Belarus, is involved in their implementation.

In this regard, it is necessary to note the specifics of the position of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus and the Armed Forces in relation to the military organization. Despite the fact that the Armed Forces as a state military organization is subordinate to the Ministry of Defense as the republican government authority, and which the military service is provided, they cannot be considered as an element of other troops and military formations. There are several reasons for this. The first of these is a significant number of personnel of the armed forces. According to the concept of the construction of the Armed Forces until 2010 (the document is intended for official use), 65 thousand people needed for the activities of the Armed Forces (including no more than 50 thousand servicemen, the rest are civilians who have the status of the employee of the Armed Forces). No other state military organization is not characterized by such a significant number of personnel. The second is a wide circle and the special significance of the tasks imposed on the armed forces. I believe that it is precisely from such positions that the legislator comes, determining the armed forces as a structural element that constitutes the basis of the state military organization and ensuring its strategic independence. Therefore, the rest of the state military organizations are determined in regulatory acts as others, i.e. Existing in addition to the armed forces of troops and military formations.

Thus, other troops and military formations include subordinates, respectively, by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Committee of State Security and the State Committee of the Border Troops State Military Organizations Internal troops, State security and border troops.

The conclusions we received comply with the provisions of regulatory acts regulating the activities of these troops and military formations.

So, according to Article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On the Border Forces of the Republic of Belarus", Border Troops of the Republic of Belarus - This is a military formation designed to ensure the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Belarus, the protection and protection of the state border of the Republic of Belarus. The state border is one of the fundamental features of the state, since it shares the territories in which the population relating to this state lives. The interests of the state are not limited to the limits of their territory. Thus, there was a need to protect their own interests on state border, taking into account the processes occurring in neighboring states. This process got the name of the provision border security. Border security can be defined as one of the most important components of military safety, expressing in the ability of the state to implement the entire set of effort available, funds and resources in order to prevent, locate and neutralize the threat of personality, society and the state in the border space of the Republic of Belarus. As can be seen facing the border troops, the tasks are aimed at fulfilling the tasks set before the military organization of the state, which once again confirms the approval of the unity of the goals of the military organization and its structural elements.

Border troops within the military organization of the state act as a system, and therefore and the border security system is characterized by a complex structure, which also includes state bodies that are not included directly into the military organization of the state. The border security system can select several levels. The topmost level, as noted earlier, is occupied by the President and Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus. The President defines the main directions for the provision of border security, implements the general management of government agencies on the issues of providing border security of the state, ensures interaction between them. The Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus organizes the work of subordinates to the Republican border security authorities to ensure border security, the implementation of international cooperation, decides on the temporary limitation or termination of the intersection of the state border in its separate areas.

The central level of border safety system is occupied by the border troops of the Republic of Belarus, managed by the State Committee of the Border Forces of the Republic of Belarus. The lower level in the border safety system is occupied by the republican government bodies, carrying out at the state border sanitary-quarantine, veterinary, phytosanitarian, automotive, ecological and other types of control. These republican government bodies in the military organization of the Republic of Belarus do not turn on.

Internal troops of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of BelarusAccording to Article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On the Internal Forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus", is a state military organization intended for the protection of life, health, rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens, society and the state, constitutional system, security and sovereignty of the Republic Belarus from criminal and other unlawful encroachments.

The internal troops of the Republic of Belarus organizationally enter the system of internal affairs bodies, being the only element of this system included in the military organization of the state. I believe that an exception to again Defended by the specifics of the tasks performed by military personnel of internal troops, to more their importance, complexity and responsibility.

The internal troops, according to Article 6 of the Law, include:

military authorities;

special police connections and military units;

compounds and military units for the protection of correctional colonies, medical correctional institutions, medical and labor profilators, conjunction of convicts and persons held in custody;

compounds and military units of operational purposes;

institutions and military units to ensure the activities of internal troops;

education institutions, carrying out training in the specialties of a military profile, training military units.

The system of bodies exercising their powers in the field of internal troops are also characterized by a multi-level structure and the presence of various elements.

The upper step is also president and the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus. President of the Republic of Belarus in the field of activity of internal troops, in accordance with Article 8 of the Law:

carries out general guidance of internal troops;

appoints to a military office and relieves the commander of the commander of the internal troops and his deputies;

approves the structure, number of internal troops and their deployment;

approves a list of weapons, combat and special equipment, special funds consisting of internal troops;

attracts internal troops to enhance the protection of public order, ensure public security, emergency regimes, military situation;

approves a list of particularly important state objects and special cargo to be protected by internal troops;

establishes the norms and the procedure for logistically technical support of the internal troops;

makes decisions on legal and social protection of military personnel of internal troops and members of their families;

Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus, on the basis of the authority provided by Article 9 of the Law, in the field of activity of internal troops:

ensures the fulfillment of the decisions of the President of the Republic of Belarus on the legal and social protection of military personnel of internal troops and their families;

organizes the equipment of internal troops with weapons, combat and special equipment, special means, as well as other material means and resources;

carries out other powers stipulated by the legislative acts of the Republic of Belarus.

At the central level, the management of the internal troops is carried out by the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus, and direct control is the commander of the internal troops, which by office is Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus.

To ensure the management of internal troops, the main management of the commander of the internal troops is created. In the main administration of the commander of the internal troops, the military council of the internal troops is formed. The activities of the Main Department of the Commander of the Inner Troops and the Military Council of Internal Forces are carried out in accordance with the Regulation approved by the President of the Republic of Belarus.

The lower level occupies local authorities and self-government. Local authorities in the field of activity of internal troops:

participate in the consideration of proposals for the formation of compounds and military units internal troops;

assist in the internal troops in creating the necessary conditions for their activities;

ensure the implementation of guarantees of legal and social protection of military personnel of internal troops and their families;

provide a call and the receipt of citizens to military service in the internal troops;

provide compounds and military units of internal troops Service and residential premises, utilities, household and other services in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus;

provide the needs of internal troops in material means, energy and other resources and services for their orders provide land plots for the deployment of internal troops.

Local authorities can establish additional guarantees of social protection for military personnel of internal troops not provided for by the Law of the Republic of Belarus of November 13, 1992 "On the status of servicemen."

Law of the Republic of Belarus "On state security bodies" It does not directly indicate that the system of the latter is included in the military organization of the state. And even more so applies to other troops and military formations. However, the direct indication of the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On the Armed Forces" on the fact of the belonging of state security authorities to other troops and military formations gives grounds for such an approval.

State security authorities are an integral part of the system of ensuring the national security of the Republic of Belarus and provide the security of individuals, society and states from internal and external threats within the authority provided by him.

State security bodies form a single centralized system, which includes:

Committee of State Security of the Republic of Belarus;

management of the State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus by regions (territorial authorities);

department of Military Counterintelligence Committee of State Security of the Republic of Belarus.

The Office of the State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus by regions and the management of military counterintelligence of the State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus is subordinate to the State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus.

State security bodies have in their subordination institution of education, health care, military units, special purpose units and other units.

Control over the activities of state security bodies is carried out by the President of the Republic of Belarus and the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus within the limits of the authority delegated to him by the President of the Republic of Belarus.

However, not all state military organizations must necessarily be subordinate to the republican bodies of public administration. From the legal side, this is due to the fact that the norm of the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus", I previously mentioned I have previously mentioned, the subordination of state military organizations by the Republican state administration authorities contains a reservation in the form of the condition "as a rule". From the actual side, there is an objectively such a state military organization. It - Presidential Security Servicesubordinate to the head of state personally. As can be seen, this service, which is engaged in the personal security of the president and other senior officials of the state, is not subordinate to the state body. Of course, in science of administrative law, opinions are expressed about the possibility of classifying the president to the category of state bodies, although even in this case, not to the authorities of the republican level. Thus, the presidential security service is organizational and a part of other troops and military formations in the military organization of the state. This provision finds its direct consolidation in Article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus".

As noted above, the list of republican bodies of state administration, which provided in the law of the Republican state administration bodies, which provide for military service is exhaustive. At the same time, the list of state military organizations belonging to other troops and military formations is not such. Of course, this causes certain difficulties, since to identify "other military formations created in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus" it is necessary to negone the additional analysis of the regulatory acts in this field of public administration. So, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated May 10, 2006 No. 312 "On some measures to improve the transport support of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations of the Republic of Belarus", a new structural element is created in the framework of the military organization of the state - transport forces.

§ 1.3 Transport troops

The presence of a developed transport system is one of the most important factors affecting the defense capability of the state. This provision is explained by the fact that each structural element of the military organization of the state is used in peacetime and are planned to use all kinds of communication routes and vehicle In order to move troops, weapons, machinery and military cargo. The problem of centralized use of transport in ensuring troops was repeatedly considered by military theoretics and practitioners. I believe that the result of this consideration and was the creation of a new element in the military organization - transport troops.

Transport is considered as a set of all types of communication paths, vehicles, technical devices and structures on the ways of communication, providing the process of moving people and cargo for various purposes. Transport troops - education is still very young, and therefore, first, requires detailed legal regulations, and, secondly, a thorough analysis. It seems that the norms of the provisions on transport troops do not give a unambiguous answer to the question about the place of transport troops in the system of the military organization of the state. Possible situations, in my opinion, here are as follows: 1. Transport troops are part of the armed forces; 2. Transport troops belong to other troops and military formations; 3. Transport troops are an independent structural element of the state military organization.

In confirmation of the first assumption, it is possible to give the norm of paragraph 3 of the provisions, which says that transport troops are special troops. At the same time, Article 4 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus" says that the Armed Forces, along with the central bodies of military administration, the birth of troops, the types of armed forces and military-school institutions and organizations of the Ministry of Defense consist of special troops. In relation to this situation, transport troops should be considered as specially as a direct structural element of the armed forces, but not as a division of special troops as part of a different structural element of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. Transportation forces management, in accordance with clause 8.1 of the Regulations on the Department of Transport Support, the specified structural division of the Ministry of Defense; The Ministry of Defense, in turn, is the central authority of the Office in the Armed Forces.

However, according to paragraph 6 of the provisions on the transport troops, the number of transport troops, including the number of transport support department, is not included in the total number of armed forces. In fact, this norm eliminates the possibility of the entry of transport troops into the armed forces, since it is not possible to enter into the composition and at the same time, it seems illogical. Thus, transport troops cannot be considered as an integral part of the armed forces.

In this regard, a certain substantiation receives an opinion on the independence of transport troops within the military organization of the state. Part 2 of clause 3 of the provisions on transport troops says that the latter as the main part are included in the military organization of the state. According to the same item, transport troops are intended for transport support of the armed forces, other troops and military formations. It turns out that if the transport troops belong to other troops and military formations, they are created for transport support themselves, which contradicts the general principles and principles of military construction in the Republic of Belarus, and is also not consistent with the tasks facing transport troops as in Peaceful and in wartime.

In my opinion, the most reasonable and logically correct is the point of view, according to which transport troops should be attributed to other troops and military formations. First, for this state military organization, the organizational form of troops is legally chosen, and therefore, if they are excluded from the scope of the concept of "other troops and military formations", then there will be no place for transport troops in the military organization of the state, since these are not State nor the military-political authority, and, especially, nor the organization in its usual understanding. Secondly, the internal organizational structure of transport troops is similar to the structure of other troops, the main elements of which, as a rule, are the military management body, compounds, military units, specialist training centers. This definitely says clause 4 of the provisions on transport troops. The conclusion about the presence of such centers follows from paragraph 14 of this provision, which provides for the preparation of ensigns, junior commanders and specialists for transport troops in the training centers of transport troops. The fact that the military transport troops body is the structural division of the Ministry of Defense, also has its rational explanation. Create a separate military management body by the transport troops, which, by analogy with other troops and military formations of the Republican State Management body, I believe, is not logical, as it only complicates the system of government bodies, which, in turn, will cause additional attractions money from the republican budget. And given the small number of transport troops with respect to other state military organizations, the creation of a separate military authority is all the more inexpedient. But, given the fact that the composite elements of transport troops, namely, separate railway, automotive and road bridge brigade, previously entered various troops in the armed forces, the creation of the military management body of transport troops as a structural unit of the Ministry of Defense seems to be quite reasonable.

Of all the above, it follows that transport troops as a structural element is logical to other troops and military formations.

Chapter 2. Higher States states, government bodies and other governments to lead the military organization

Military construction is the most important component of the activity aimed at implementing such a function of the state as the defense of the Fatherland.

Political attitudes on military construction and, in particular, the leadership of the military organization of the state are enshrined in the acts of current legislation, and then implemented in the process of activities of the competent authorities of state power and government.

Depending on the nature and scale of the issues solved by the state in the field of managing the armed forces, I consider to be justified to allocate two groups of bodies: the authorities of the state leadership of the military organization and the direct military management bodies. The state leadership bodies are represented by the highest authorities of the state carrying out the management of the military organization. Military bodies include military authorities specifically established to directly manage the state military organization.

§ 2.1 The top bodies of the state, carrying out the management of the Military Organization of the State

The military organization of the Republic of Belarus also includes bodies whose activities are not entirely aimed at providing military security of the state, but occupy an important place among the tasks facing such bodies. The senior authorities of the state in managing the military organization of the state, depending on the nature of the powers carried out in this field of state administration, are divided into higher Organs public administration and military political authorities. The first category includes the President, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus, to the second - the Security Council of the Republic of Belarus.

Higher leadership occupies head of State - President of the Republic of Belarus. It was the head of state that exercise his powers across the Council of Ministers and the Security Council of the Republic of Belarus leads both the national security system as a whole and its component - military security.

This status of the head of state has two sides: the first party manifests itself in the fact that the president has the most significant management powers in relation to the military organization of the state as a whole; The second party lies in the presence of top management powers in relation to each structural element of the state military organization separately. Such resident authority is extremely important. The Institute of the Head of State One of its tasks has the implementation of nationwide powers, such powers, which, firstly, are common, and, secondly, not one of the three branches of power cannot be fully implemented. It is to such authority and the powers to manage the military organization of the state. Consider each group of powers separately.

According to Article 5 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On Defense", the President of the Republic of Belarus - carries out general guidance on the preparation and application of the state military organization in order to ensure military security of the Republic of Belarus, approves the concept of military construction, construction plans, development and application of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations, the state program of operational equipment of the territory of the Republic of Belarus, the Civil Defense Plan, the Regulation on Territorial Defense;

publishes legal acts on combat readiness, planning and conducting hostilities by armed forces, other troops and military formations;

approves the mobilization plans of the Republic of Belarus;

approves plans for the accumulation of material resources in state and mobilization reserves;

approves the state program of weapons;

approves the structure and number of armed forces, other troops and military formations, their deployment;

carries out the strategic management of the military organization of the state in the event of a military threat to the Republic of Belarus or reflecting the attack by another state (other states) through the General Headquarters of the Armed Forces;

forms government agencies for military time in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.

According to Article 24 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On the President of the Republic of Belarus", the president can introduce martial law on the territory of the Republic of Belarus in the event of a military threat or attack, declare full or partial mobilization. The President has the right to give an order to start hostilities without declaring war in cases:

intentional invasion B. air space The Republic of Belarus;

an unexpected invasion of the armed forces into the territory of the Republic of Belarus;

an unexpected air attack on the Republic of Belarus.

The President is responsible for the people of the Republic of Belarus for ensuring reliable protection of the state, the implementation of interstate agreements on defense, the implementation of both military politics and military doctrine of the Republic of Belarus and the state policy in the field of defense.

Thus, the head of state performs the obligations assigned to him the obligations related to the implementation of the main directions of foreign and domestic policies, the provision of national security and territorial integrity of the Republic of Belarus, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

The second extensive group consists of powers in relation to each structural element of the military organization. These powers were considered in the relevant sections (chapters) of this work. However, on individuals should be stopped in detail. According to Article 84 of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, the President is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. This provision in relation to the armed forces is traditionally for most chapters of modern states and often, in my opinion, is included in the Constitution as a tribute of tradition, like the priesthood of debt on the protection of the Republic of Belarus. According to some scholars in the field of constitutional law, the status of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces suggests that the President is a direct boss for any military personnel, has the right to give them orders and require their implementation. In relation to other structural elements of the state military organization, this seems possible only indirectly, i.e. Through the direct supervisor of the relevant power department. However, such an opinion is not fully relevant reality. First, it is difficult to imagine that the commander-in-chief brought his orders to a separate serviceman. On the other hand, it is practically excluded that any serviceman not armed forces would not fulfill the order of the Commander. In connection with such a state of affairs, as well as taking into account the fact that the president is solely by virtue of his authority appoints the leaders of all the powerful departments, their deputies, approves the provisions on such ministries and state committees, it seems to be logical to determine the status of the president not just as commander-in-chief armed Forces, but as the commander-in-chief of the military organization of the state. Such a change in the title, even without increasing the volume of powers of the head of state in this field of public administration, in my opinion, will fully comply with the provisions of regulatory and legal acts, and the realities of life.

Security Council of the Republic of Belarus It is a constitutional authority, which is created in order to prepare decisions of the President of the Republic of Belarus in the main areas of internal, external and military policies in ensuring the security of the Republic of Belarus, i.e. On issues of ensuring the security of the vital interests of the individual, society, the states from domestic and external threats, conducting a unified state policy in the field of security. Thus, the decisions of the Security Council are acquired by the specific and inherent political and conceptual decisions of the authority. That is why the classification proposed in this paper is invited to attribute the Security Council to military-political authorities.

The main tasks of the Security Council are:

the definition of priorities of the vital interests of the individual, society and the state, identifying internal and external threats to security objects;

determination of the main directions of the security strategy of the Republic of Belarus and the organization of the preparation of state programs for maintaining the proper security of the Republic of Belarus;

development of proposals for coordination of organs executive power on the implementation of decisions made in the field of security and evaluation of their effectiveness;

preparation of operational solutions to prevent and overcome emergency situations that can cause significant damage to the interests of the Republic of Belarus;

a preliminary discussion of candidates for senior positions of ministries and departments (according to the list approved by the Security Council), on which the effectiveness of measures to ensure the security of the Republic of Belarus depends;

preparation of proposals to the President of the Republic of Belarus on issues of introduction, extension, abolition of an emergency or military situation, the use of the contingent of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus.

The decisions of this body on the most important issues are issued by the Decrees of the President of the Republic of Belarus. Thus, the Security Council acts as a body that provides conditions for the implementation by the President of His constitutional authority to protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, the protection of the sovereignty of the Republic of Belarus, its independence and state integrity.

Thus, the Security Council as the highest collegial coordination and political authority acts as a very important element in the structure of the state military organization.

takes measures to protect national security and defense capability, independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Belarus, except by the President of the Republic of Belarus or other state authorities defined by the President of the Republic;

organizes the development and formation of a state defense order, equipping the armed forces, other troops and military formations of the Republic of Belarus weapons, military equipment and other material means and resources on their orders, and also solves defense facilities in the territory of the Republic of Belarus;

determines the volume of material resources of budget allocations for the needs of defense, conducting research and development work in the field of defense, creates the necessary reserves of the state reserve for the arsenals and in databases, ensures their content, leads the mobilization training of the economy of the Republic of Belarus and transfer it to work in military time;

he guides the preparation of citizens of the Republic of Belarus to military service, their call for military service, service in the reserve and ensures the creation of military-ridden reserves;

makes approval by the President of the Republic of Belarus Mobilization Plans of the Republic of Belarus, plans for the accumulation of material values \u200b\u200bin the mobilization reserve;

carries out in accordance with its competence, the management of the civil defense of the Republic of Belarus.

It should be noted that the military doctrine does not directly indicate the president's belonging, the Security Council and the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus to the military organization of the state, however, the legislative framework in the form of "state, military-political executives", as well as the powers of the specified senior authorities in the field of military Policies allows us to make such conclusions.

§ 2.2 Military bodies

Principles that characterize military management as a specific part of public administration are implemented by the state military apparatus in the process of implementing everyday executive and administrative activities. The direct control unit of the military is a relatively separate system of military administration authorities combined by the central authorities of the Military Office. This military management system is formed from the corresponding parts (organs) operating at different levels and within certain limits. Each system, which is included as a structural element in the military organization of the state, is characterized by its species composition and hierarchy of military management bodies, which are determined by the structure of each system. And if in most cases structures to unification, then exceptions, nevertheless there are a place.

A distinctive feature of military authorities is that the latter of all its activities are engaged in the implementation of state military policy. This subject of activity is no longer dominated by any part of the authority of the military authorities, but completely coincides with the entire competence of the relevant authority. Such powers are being implemented solely on a professional basis by specialists with special education, an integral part of the external expression of which is the definition of "military".

Another feature of the military authorities is that the latter, although those specified in the military doctrine of the Republic of Belarus as an independent structural element of the state military organization, but, in fact, are part of larger structural elements, such as armed forces or transport troops. However, since it is the activities of military management bodies that performs the "Eternal Engine", forcing each individual system to work, thereby ensuring the effective functioning of the military organization as a whole, then their detailed consideration is definitely necessary.

The upper step of the bodies of the branch republican military authorities and their structural divisions. Such organs have a kind of double status. On the one hand, they act as the republican government bodies or their structural units, on the other, head the system of military management bodies. This group of military management bodies are represented by the Ministry of Defense and its structural division - the General Staff, the Committee of State Security, the State Committee of the Border Troops, the General Directorate of the Commander of Internal Forces as part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Department of Transport Support in the Ministry of Defense.

Current legislation suggests various options Legal consolidation of the double status of these organs. Thus, the status of the republican government authority is enshrined by the authorities by decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus on May 5, 2006. No. 289. The status of the military authority is enshrined in the relevant regulations on the structural elements of the state military organization. Thus, the provision on the transport troops in paragraph 4 enshrines that the transport fork military authority is the Department of Transport Support. A similar norm regarding the main management of the commander of the internal troops is also enshrined in Article 1 of the relevant position, which it states that the Main Directorate of the Commander of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus is a military management authority providing the management of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. However, similar norms are not contained in the Region of the Ministry of Defense, nor in the Registration Committee of the Border Forces, nor in the Regulations on the Committee of State Security, where there is only an indication of the fact that the Committee is headed by a unified centralized system of state security bodies of the Republic of Belarus. It is believed that this situation is due to the underdevelopment of the legislator, and therefore, in order to accurate and clearly legislation, the issue of military management bodies, I consider it necessary in the process of improving the legal framework for the activities of the Military Organization of the State to include the standard of similar content in the relevant regulatory acts.

As can be seen from the analysis conducted above, the Republican military authorities (their structural divisions) correspond to the structural elements of the state military organization, i.e. Each independent element of the state military organization has its own "own" senior authority of military management with the status of the republican government authority (its structural division). At the same time, I believe that management should be considered precisely from this level and in cases of implementing legal acts of management issued "on behalf of" not only of the entire relevant authority (acts of such management are accepted at the colleges of the Republican government bodies and are issued in the appropriate order), But also its structural divisions (departments, departments, committees, inspections; For example, the main management of personnel in the Ministry of Defense for the Armed Forces), as well as those accepted alone, both on behalf of the authority and the person who heads the corresponding structural unit (Minister Directive Defense, order chief of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Defense).

However, among the bodies of this group, there are two bodies, the competence of which wears a specific tasner, and the authority applies not only to the armed forces, but also to other troops and military formations. These are the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus and the General Staff, having, on a number with the status of the Republican State Department (its structural division) and the highest management body in the Armed Forces, status central military authorities. However, this norm should not interpret as a ministry of defense and the General Staff, the most important powers to manage the entire military organization of the state. Analysis of the powers of these military authorities shows that the taskful nature of their management is limited to the sphere of armed forces, other troops and military formations. This is quite logical, since in the event of a military threat to the state, the effective provision of military security of the Republic of Belarus will be achieved by the agreed application of the armed forces, other troops and military formations. That is why for the best coherence of such an application, along with the highest bodies of military administration in each of the listed structural elements of the military organization, the authority was needed, which could coordinate, coordinate and directly to achieve a joint result of each effort. But the individual body was not created, and the corresponding functions were assigned to the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff as the highest bodies of military management of the largest personnel and the tasks of the element of the Military Organization of the State - the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. Judge for yourself:

The Ministry of Defense in accordance with the main tasks assigned to it:

· provides preparation of proposals for defense issues, the formation of state policy in the field of defense, including military policy of the Republic of Belarus;

· organizes the interaction and coordination of the activities of state bodies and other organizations on defense issues;

· participates in the development and implementation of military construction concepts and programs;

· organizes the carriage of military units of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations, military products, military teams and individual military passengers in the prescribed order railway, automotive, river and air transport;

· hears the development of the systems for the acquisition of troops (forces), the training of officers, ensigns and junior commanders, military education and the training of military personnel for the Armed Forces, as well as for other troops and military formations in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.

Another central military management body is no less significant, the other central authority of the Military Department is the general headquarters. So, the general headquarters in accordance with the tasks assigned to him:

o. in collaboration with the military authorities of other troops and military formations, the analysis of the military-political and military strategic environment, evaluates the nature and level of military threats to the Republic of Belarus;

o. organizes and ensures the interaction of armed forces with other troops and military formations in the field of defense, including on mobilization preparation, attracts heads of structural elements of the military organization to address issues in the field of defense and military security of the state;

o. develops and clarifies the application plan for the armed forces, other troops and military formations for wartime;

o. it is planned and organizes all types of strategic support for the joint use of armed forces, other troops and military formations (including those allocated to the regional group of troops (forces) of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation) for armed protection of the state;

o. organizes the implementation by military management alerts to ensure the regime of the military situation in the territory where fighting are underway;

o. coordinates activities:

§ state bodies, other state organizations, military administration authorities of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations in the course of strategic and operational planning for the joint use of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations;

§ military Office of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations:

§ republican bodies of public administration and other state organizations subordinate to the Government of the Republic of Belarus, when performing measures to create and develop a unified government management system in a military threat and military time;

o. ensures the development of the management system of the armed forces, other troops and military formations;

o. plans and organizes within its competence, conjugate the telecommunication networks of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations with other telecommunication networks;

o. plans and organizes the implementation of measures to maintain the combat and mobilization readiness of the armed forces, other troops and military formations in the interests of defense, monitors its condition;

o. plans, organizes and monitors operational and mobilization training in the Armed Forces, Transport Forces, organizes and monitors combat training in compounds and military units directly subordinate to the General Staff;

o. develops and makes it necessary for approval to the Minister of Defense Plan for the training of the Armed Forces for the academic year, as well as plans for joint activities on the operational and combat training of armed forces, other troops and military formations (including those allocated to the regional group of troops (forces) of the Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation);

o. carries out the general guidance of military commissariatants, organizes their activities on accounting and planning conscription of citizens of the Republic of Belarus to the term military service (service in reserve) and transportation of vehicles in the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations upon declaration of mobilization;

o. develops in collaboration with military authorities of other troops and military formations, theoretical issues of improving state defense capability.

Thus, the tasteful nature of the powers of the central bodies of military governance is obvious. It should be noted that the legal consolidation of the delimitation of military political, administrative, providing, planning and other functions between the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Armed Forces was clearly held relatively recently, at the final stage of the reform of the military organization. The Ministry of Defense focuses on the administrative leadership of the armed forces, their comprehensive security, coordination of other republican government agencies on defense and military policy, while the General Staff is engaged in issues of strategic application planning and operational management of the armed forces, as well as in certain cases other troops and military formations. In wartime, the General Staff ensures the strategic management of the military organization by the Commander-in-Chief.

The next step of military management organs is characteristic exclusively for the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. Such an exception, in my opinion, is associated with a significant number of the armed forces themselves, which in turn leads to the complication and system of management bodies. This level is presented commanders of the species of the Armed Forces: Ground forces and air force and air defense forces (hereinafter referred to as the Air Force and Air Defense Troops). Each of the two commanders, in turn, has two major components, which is connected exclusively with a geographical factor in the placement of military units and compounds, as well as directions on which the main activities of these bodies will be focused in wartime. In the role of such subsystems, the Western and North-West operational commands of the land forces and, accordingly, the Western and North-West operational and tactical command of the military-air SID and air defense troops are performed.

Management bodies of military units and military units Make up the next step of military management organs, characteristic of all structural elements of the military organization. They are represented by commanders of compounds and individual military units, their deputies, as well as subordinate to their headquarters and services.

Unlike military command, commands, the bodies of the compounds and parts are not built on the territorial basis. They are capable of rapid movement along with controlled troops. Therefore, they are customary to refer to the bodies of the system management. By preferential team activities, these bodies are endowed with the necessary rights and in the field of administrative and economic.

The management structure of a separate military unit and the obligations of its officials are determined by the Charter of the internal service of the RB.

The commander of the part is fully responsible for the combat and mobilization readiness of the regiment, combat training, upbringing, military discipline and moral condition of personnel, for the state of weapons, military equipment, ammunition and transport, for the financial and economic condition of the regiment.

The deputy commander of the part, which is by his first deputy, is responsible for organizing and the state of combat training and maintenance of internal order and discipline in part.

The main body of the commander but the regiment management is the headquarters of the regiment. To implement the decision of the commander of the regiment, the headquarters is granted the right to give orders on behalf of the regiment commander. On all the most important given orders (orders), the head of his headquer reports the commander of the part.

The economic activity of the part and special services commander of the part leads through the deputy on the rear, as well as through the heads of special services (artillery armament, chemical, medical, legal, etc.).

The low level form local military authorities. Military commissariats, chiefs of garrisons and military commandants of military commanders belong to the Military Commandors.

Local military governments (military commissariats) are formed in relation to the administrative-territorial division of the country. Military Commissariators are established by the Ministry of Defense and are military authorities, enter into a unified system of military management bodies. At the same time, military commissariants are endowed with the rights of departments (departments) of the relevant executive committees of regional, urban and district councils of deputies. The general leadership of military commissariats is carried out by the General Headquarters.

Military Commissariators are organizers of military work in the field, carry out the close relationship of the armed forces, other troops and military formations with sources of their formation and replenishment. They represent the control link in which the military apparatus directly contacts the deputies of deputies on the ground. In particular, in close cooperation with these and other local bodies, military commissariats lead military mobilization and accounting and invoking work, actively participate in the organization of defense and mass events, military-patriotic education. Molodea.

The main tasks of military commissariats include conducting measures to account for human and national economic resources in the interests of the armed forces, the preparation and implementation of mobilization, the preparation of young people to the service in the armed forces, calling citizens to military service, educational fees.

The military commissariats also assigns the preparation of materials for the appointment of pensions and the appointment of pensions to the officers, ensigns, military personnel who served under the contract, as well as their families.

They contribute to the employment and provision of social protection of officers, ensigns and servicemen of the contract service issued from the Armed Forces; Pick and send candidates for military schools, educational fees, as well as to military units for the positions of ensigns and contract servicemen.

Military Commissariators are considering and allowing complaints and statements by conscripts, military-ridden, military personnel, disabled people, family members of these individuals, as well as family members of the deceased warriors.

Military commissars have the right: to issue orders within the authority provided by the Law on Military Responsibilities and military service, charters and instructions regarding the competence of the respective military registration and enlistment offices; Apply in accordance with current legislation, the measures of administrative impact on military-ridic and conscripts for violation of military accounting rules.

Military Commissars convey the prosecutor's office to the prosecution authorities about bringing to the responsibility of citizens who avoid the next call, as well as managers of enterprises, institutions, organizations that prevent the timely appeal of citizens to the appeal areas.

The heads of garrisons and military commandants organize the leadership of the garrison and commandant service.

The head of the garrison in a circle of questions related to its maintenance issues orders, mandatory for all officials of parts of the garrison and military personnel. In particular, he is developing garrison plans of various events; allocates from the permission of the headquarters of the General Staff of the Unit (Parts) to combat fires and with natural disasters or to assist the civilian population affected by natural disasters; Appoints the production of inquiries and is attracted to the responsibility of military personnel who do not belong to the composition of the parts of this garrison, for their misdeed.

The Military Commander of the garrison is obeying the head of the garrison. It is directly responsible for maintaining a high military discipline among military personnel in public places and on the streets, for the correct and vigilant wear of the head with garrison guard and patrols, for the proper content of the arrested on Gauptvakta. The military commander of the garrison keeps accounting for all military units of the garrison, as well as all military personnel arriving on a business trip or vacation, certify the time of their arrival in the garrison and departure from the garrison and indicates the reasons for their delays in garrison. In some cases, the Garrison Commander has the right to extend the holidays to the servicemen for up to seven days.

In order to improve the organization of the Commandant service, increasing its role in maintaining military discipline and order in the troops and monitoring compliance with the rules of movement and operation of machines in the areas of location and during the movement of the troops, commendant parts and divisions were established. They act in accordance with the Regulations on the curfews and the instructions on the Commandant Service.

Summing up this, I would like to note that the structure of military management bodies is extensive, complex, largely depends on the internal structure of each specific state-owned organization. Especially the mechanism of the functioning of this system of organs is also complicated. However, such complexity of this issue should push relevant specialists to a deeper study of the issues raised.

Chapter 3. Defense Sector of the Economics

Most of the processes of our processes that happen to anything is always limited, due to other words - deterministic. And increasingly, the determination of the factant is the economic. Events to ensure both state defense in general and military policy in particular include a large number of economic relations arising in the production, distribution and consumption of material benefits in the process of functioning of the military organization. On the effective solution Economic issues in the field of military organization of the state sends their efforts the defense sector of the economy.

Based on the norms of the military doctrine, under the defense sector of the economy, it should be understood as a system of government agencies exercising scientific and (or) production activities for the creation of products (works, services) of military purposes. At the same time, the organization of the defense sector of the economy acts by suppliers of military resources, and the power ministries and departments with which the defense sector of the economy interacts the most closely - government customers of military resources. Its external expression such interaction finds in the state defense order (GOZ). State defense order, thus, is a comprehensive linkage of material, financial and scientific and innovative defense resources.

Based on the foregoing, a huge number of enterprises, organizations, other legal entities, republican military authorities in carrying out work or the provision of permanent services aimed at implementing the state defense and conducting its military policies may be included in the defense sector of the economy. However, only a few state administration authorities have a fundamentally affect the activities of the latter. Based on the analysis of the norms regulating the procedure for the formation of a state defense order, the State-Industrial Committee, the Ministry of Economy and the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Belarus, can be attributed to such.

Important work to ensure the economic component of the state military organization is carried out by the central authorities of military administration and the highest states of the state for the management of the military organization of the state. So, according to paragraph 7.21 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Defense, the latter submits to the Ministry of Finance, forecast calculations for income and expenses for the planned financial (budget) year and applications for the Ministry of Economy in terms of the volume of allocations for government capital investments.

According to clause 7.7 of this provision, the Ministry of Defense participates in the development of long-term government programs in the interests of defense, state program Weapons, prepares proposals for the formation of a state defense order. A similar function is performed by the General Staff. Relevant powers to the formation and implementation of the provisions of the State Defense Order are endowed by those of the Office. The most clearly of the interaction of the GOZ implementation authorities is presented in Appendix 1.

border Army State Management

Conclusion

On this, the question of determining the structural elements of the state military organization should be considered disclosed. As can be seen, the military organization of the state includes a significant number of organs and organizations, often very different among themselves according to the tasks facing them. However, there is one overall feature characteristic of each of the elements considered. All these bodies and organizations in the process of their functioning carry out a special type of management activity, having a fundamental goal of state policy as part of the state policy in the field of defense. This activity received the name of the Military Department carried out within the military organization of the state. Military management presents the procedural, dynamic side of the phenomenon of the state military organization, which will be a thorough study in subsequent work.

1.Slipchenko, V.I. Wars of the sixth generation / V.I. Slipchenko - Moscow: Veche, 2002 - p. 18.

2.Kramnik, A.N. Administrative and legal frameworks of government / A.N. Kramnik - Minsk: Testa, 2004 - p. 327.

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4.On Defense: Law of the Republic of Belarus, November 3, 1992, No. 1902-XII // National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus. - 2002. - № 84 - 2/878.

.On approval of the military doctrine of the Republic of Belarus: the Law of the Republic of Belarus, January 3, 2002, N 74-3 // The National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus. - 2002. - № 6. - 2/826.

6.On the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus: the Law of the Republic of Belarus, November 3, 1992, N 1904-XII // The National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus. - 2002. - № 87.- 2/884.

.On the structure of the governments of the Republic of Belarus: Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus, May 5, 2006, N 289 // The National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus. - 2006. - № 74. - 1/7567.

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.Military encyclopedic Dictionary / The Ministry of Defense Ros. Federation, Institute of Military. stories; Rate: A. P. Gorkin [and others]. - M.: Great grew. Encycle: Ripol Classic, 2002. - 1663 p.

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Appendix 1. Activities of government and defense sector of the economy for the formation of a state defense order

5.1 Basics of state defense

1 Defense is an element of security and one of the most important functions of the state. Under defenseit is understood as a system of political, economic, military, social, legal and other measures to ensure the readiness of the state to protect against armed attack, as well as the protection of the population, territory and sovereignty of the Russian Federation. Defense is organized and carried out in accordance with international law, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the current legislation of the Russian Federation and the military doctrine of the Russian Federation. For defense with the use of agricultural struggle, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are created and the military duty of citizens of the Russian Federation is established.

The organization of defense includes:

Legal regulation in the field of defense;

Prediction and assessment of a military threat;

Development of military politics and military doctrine of the Russian Federation;

Construction, preparation and maintenance in the necessary readiness Armed Forces RF;

Development, production and improvement of weapons and military equipment;

Creating reserves of material values \u200b\u200bin state and mobilization reserves;

Ensuring the preservation of state and military secrets;

Development of military science;

International cooperation for collective security and joint defense;

Other defense activities.

The armed forces have nuclear and ordinary weapons on the equipment. Nuclear weapons include all types of nuclear ammunition with the means of their delivery, it allows in a short time with high efficiency and reliability to destroy administrative and political centers, enemy military facilities, destroy the grouping of its armed forces, create areas of mass destruction and radioactive contamination zones. Regular weapons are all fire and drums: artillery, aviation, rifle ammunition, rockets, rocket-torpedoes, deep bombs, as well as ammunition of the volume explosion, incendiary ammunition and mixtures. Conventional weapons can be applied independently and in combination with nuclear weapon For the defeat of the live strength and equipment of the enemy. High-precision systems have the greatest efficiency ordinary weaponsproviding in automated mode the distribution and guidance of fire and drums, as well as the reliable destruction of the objectives and objects of the enemy in the shortest possible time. A special type is a weapon operating on new physical principles (laser, accelerator, radio wave). Such weapons include combat systems of space, terrestrial, air and sea basing.

5.2 Types of armed forces, kind of troops and their purpose.

2 Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - State military organization constituting the basis of the defense of the Russian Federation. Russian Armed Forces are based on the decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 466 of 7.05.92. In accordance with the Constitution, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Armed Forces is the President of the Russian Federation. The direct leadership of the armed forces is carried out by the Minister of Defense. The main body of the operational management of troops and fleet forces is the General Staff.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are applied to protect the sovereignty, territorial integrity and other vital interests of Russia in the event of aggression against it or its allies, as well as to curb armed conflicts and any unlawful armed violence at the state border of the Russian Federation in accordance with contractual obligations. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of bodies of management, associations, compounds, military units, military-educational institutions that are organizational and in the species of armed forces, the kind of troops and special troops.

For the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are:

Rocket troops of strategic appointment (RVSH) - designed to solve strategic tasks in a nuclear war. The basis of the weapons of the rocket troops of the strategic appointment of Russia are stationary and mobile rocket complexes. The main combat unit is a rocket regiment.

Ground troops They have a large fire and shock force, high maneuverability and independence. The main births of troops are motorized rifle, tank, rocket troops and artillery, war-defense troops, army aviation.

Motion troops - The most massive genus of the ground forces. They are equipped with powerful weapons for terrestrial and air targets automatic small arms (Automatic, machine guns), artillery, tanks, infantry combat machines, armoredrators, anti-aircraft and artillery complexes.

Army aircraft Equipped with helicopters and partially by airplanes.

Airborne defense troops They are a means of covering grounding troops from air strikes. Its tasks are performed by destroying air attack funds in flights in the near and protective approaches and defenders. The main births of troops are: anti-aircraft missile troops, air defense aviation and radio troops.

Air Force (Air Force) consist of far, front and military transport aviation. Possessing high mobility, maneuverability and combat power, the Air Force is able to carry out a quick transfer of effort from some directions to others, penetrate into the deep rear of the enemy and affect its air objects, applying various means of defeat in any weather conditions, time of day and year.

Military Transport Aviation (BTA) Performs the processing of air assaults, transportation of troops, equipment and material resources, including in peacetime.

Front aircraft It is divided into bombarding, fighter-bomber, fighter, intelligence. The Air Force is used by strategic planes-rocket mines Tu-160, Tu-95 ms, Tu-22, Su-24, Su-25, MiG-25, MiG-29, SU-27, IL-76, An-22.

Navy (Navy) consists of the surface forces of the fleet, the underwater forces of the fleet, aircraft Navy, coastal rocket-artillery troops and marines.

Airborne troops (Airborne) are intended for action in the rear of the enemy, destroying the means of a nuclear attack, control points, capture and retention of important areas and objects, assistance Ground forces in the development of the offensive. Equipped with airportable self-propelled artillery, rocket anti-tank agents, armored vehicles, combat vehicles, automatic small arms, communications and management tools.

Rear Sun. It is intended to provide an army with all types of material resources, for the maintenance of stocks, to prepare and operate their communication, ensuring military transportation, repair of weapons and military equipment, to provide medical care for wounded and performing a number of other tasks rear security. Tall Sun has special troops (automobile, rail, road, pipeline and others), as well as repair, medical, rear, and others.

5.3 Terrorism as a serious threat to national security of Russia.

3 For the past 15 years, the international community is experiencing an increasingly increasing launch of terrorism. For Russia, today terrorism is a serious threat to national security. To begin developing a system of measures to protect the state is necessary from a clear definition of terrorism as a socio-legal phenomenon, differentiation of acts of terrorism on scale, the volume of actions, the number of participants, motivation, etc. Terrorism can pursue the goals of performing the actions of serial and one-off, implemented globally and locally. It can be focused on changing the political system, the overthrow of the country's leadership (region), violation of the territorial integrity, the liberation of arrested terrorists, "loosening" stability and intimidation of society and provoking hostilities (war). It is advisable to establish and to legally consolidate the order at which each political, ideological, economic decision would be subject to an anti-terrorist effect. Problems are subject to problems of monitoring terrorism and antiterrorist activities, the creation of a single bank of information, the development and implementation of the methodology for assessing the effects of terrorist crimes. We need a new edition of the law on security, the law on emergency.

Over the past 200 years, the main means of terror is the use of explosives (explosives) and explosive devices (Wu). Terrorists use the following explosion methods:

After a predetermined deceleration time (with the help of mechanical hours, electronic circuits, timers);

On radio signal (using radically checkers, mobile phones, pagers);

By supplying the current pulse to the electricallytonator on the wires;

By connecting energy consumers (televisions, radio receivers) to the network;

When you turn on a specific consumer of electricity in the car (headlights, beep).

With a preparing explosive terrorist attack, there are always demasking signs:

Parked in the wrong place car;

Left trailer;

An impervious subject with a power source available on it;

Wires, stretch marks, ropes;

Unusual location of garbage containers.

If you are able to bookmark or discovery Wu, you must:

Immediately report on the detected subject to the police, authorities;

Isolate a space with a suspicious subject, not approaching it and do not let others;

If the case takes place in the room, evacuate the staff;

To eliminate the use of mobile phones, radio communications, as this can lead to Wu response.

The elimination of the effects of terrorist acts of explosive is carried out according to a unified scheme of eliminating the consequences of the emergence of peace and wartime.

5.4. Questions and tasks

What includes the defense of the state?

What is the purpose of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation? Next section